scholarly journals 儒家倫理如何為“生命”的道德辯護——以“人類輔助生殖技術”為例進行的考察

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Weihua GUO
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Confucian Ethics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Human Subjectivity ◽  
Sanctity Of Life ◽  
Simple Technology

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.儒家倫理從“天道”的角度賦予人之生命以神聖性和超越性，而輔助生殖技術則通過技術使人之“生命”從神聖性、超越性的形上境遇被拋入到世俗境遇中，生命的“袪魅”成為這一趨勢的集中表現。並由此，引發了“生命”的形上界定和由技術展現世俗化的生命界定之間的矛盾和衝突。儒家倫理為技術干預下的“生命”進行道德辯護的關鍵在於：儒家倫理應以一種辯證、開放的態度為輔助生殖技術展現的世俗化的生命倫理提供形而上學的精神本源基礎。By profoundly intervening in human life, human assisted reproductive technology is challenging the convictions of all well-established ethics, Confucian ethics included. Through such technology, human life is thrown from the divine, transcendent metaphysical situation it has traditionally held into this-worldly circumstances. In particular, human assisted reproductive technology brings with it a series of ethical problems. First, the sanctity of life is put in jeopardy. From this perspective, every human life is unique and independent. However, human assisted reproductive technology has the potential to destroy such uniqueness and independence. Second, human subjectivity is lost. An essential attribute of human life is that humans exist as active subjects to be respected, rather than as passive objects to be manipulated. When human assisted reproductive technology is used to control human life, human subjectivity is thrown into crisis. Finally, the existence of human life is fragmented. Human beings are “group” animals, and they live in families built on the basis of blood and marriage. This basis is usually taken as the origin or foundation of Confucian ethics. However, human assisted reproductive technology (especially AIH and reproductive cloning technology) has broken the traditional family structure. It has caused a crisis in the notion of family as an ethical entity and life becomes nothing but “debris.”In the face of such moral crises, it is time to explore Confucian ethics to help people out of their plight. Traditionally, Confucian ethics has a profound and rich content. It takes human life as valuable, sacred, transcendent and eternal. From the Confucian perspective, human life means not only existence as a natural object, but also existence of value and significance in the universe. In developing a proper Confucian ethics to direct the application of human assisted reproductive technology and guide its technical intervention in human life, this essay argues that we must recognize the following crucial point: a dialectical exploration and an open attitude are needed to enable Confucian ethics to provide the Confucian spirit of metaphysical origins and concerns to a new bioethics of assisted reproductive technology. That is, on the one hand, a bridge must be built to connect the metaphysical condition of real life in Confucian ethics with the technical interference of human assisted reproductive technology. On the other hand, it must be noted that human assisted reproductive technology reveals that the problem domain is not merely a simple technology ethics, but also involves deep philosophical or ethical change. Such exploration provides formal support for considering the ethical problems of human assisted reproductive technology from a comic philosophical view that the Confucian bioethical discourse of life must undertake.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 60 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Psychology: Volume 1

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cognitive Capability ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cognition And Affect

This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume One of this survey, Cognitive and Affective Processes, discusses the developments in the study of cognitive and affective processes within the Indian context. It offers an up-to-date assessment of theoretical developments and empirical studies in the rapidly evolving fields of cognitive science, applied cognition, and positive psychology. It also analyses how pedagogy responds to a shift in the practices of knowing and learning. Additionally, drawing upon insights from related fields it proposes epithymetics–desire studies – as an upcoming field of research and the volume investigates the impact of evolving cognitive and affective processes in Indian research and real life contexts. The development of cognitive capability distinguishes human beings from other species and allows creation and use of complex verbal symbols, facilitates imagination and empowers to function at an abstract level. However, much of the vitality characterizing human life is owed to the diverse emotions and desires. This has made the study of cognition and affect as frontier areas of psychology. With this in view, this volume focuses on delineating cognitive scientific contributions, cognition in educational context, context, diverse applications of cognition, psychology of desire, and positive psychology. The five chapters comprising this volume have approached the scholarly developments in the fields of cognition and affect in innovative ways, and have addressed basic as well applied issues.

scholarly journals Filiation and Assisted Reproductive Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-729
Author(s):  
Hernán Corral
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Techniques ◽  
International Standard

This article deals with the various filiation issues arising from the application of assisted reproduction techniques. The author asserts that assisted reproduction techniques produce a dissociation between the blood and genetic elements of procreation and people's will to become parents, which causes hard judicial dilemma in paternity suits. Legislative and judicial criteria developed both under European and American legal systems to solve this case are systematized in the article, wherein the author directs criticism to those criteria that tend to undermine the natural physiology of human reproduction in spite of the "intent of reproduction" concept. This latest concept is criticized as being a form of contractualization of filiation links. The author suggests that a deeper understanding of the human dignity, and of the international standard of the best interest of the child should be useful to protect children from being a part of the new market-of-human-beings that could arise from the massive application of assisted reproduction techniques.

scholarly journals The Joy of Being as Anthropological Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Agapov Oleg D. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Subjectivity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Human Condition

The joy of being is connected with one’s activities aimed at responding to the challenges of the elemental forces and the boundlessness of being, which are independent of human subjectivity. In the context of rising to the challenges of being, one settles to acquire a certain power of being in themselves and in the world. Thus, the joy of being is tied to achieving the level of the “miraculous fecundity” (E. Levinas), “an internal necessity of one’s life” (F. Vasilyuk), magnanimity (M. Mamardashvili). The ontological duty of any human being is to succeed at being human. The joy of being is closely connected to experiencing one’s involvement in the endless/eternity and realizing one’s subjective temporality/finitude, which attunes him to the absolute seriousness in relation to one’s complete realization in life. Joy is a foundational anthropological phenomenon in the structure of ways of experiencing the human condition. The joy of being as an anthropological practice can appear as a constantly expanding sphere of human subjectivity where the transfiguration of the powers of being occurs under the sign of the Height (Levinas) / the Good. Without the possibility of transfiguration human beings get tired of living, immerse themselves in the dejected state of laziness and the hopelessness of vanity. The joy of being is connected to unity, gathering the multiplicity of human life under the aegis of meaning that allows us to see the other and the alien in heteronomous being, and understand the nature of co-participation and responsibility before the forces of being, and also act in synergy with them.The joy of being stands before a human being as the joy of fatherhood/ motherhood, the joy of being a witness to the world in creative acts (the subject as a means to retreat before the world and let the world shine), the joy of every day that was saved from absurdity, darkness and the impersonal existence of the total. Keywords: joy, higher reality, anthropological practices, “the height”, subject, transcendence, practice of coping

Protest Views of Singer

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
ALBERT S. CALLIE
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Special Form ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Sanctity Of Life ◽  
The Image Of God ◽  
Made In

To the Editor.— Singer, in his article "Sanctity of Life or Quality of Life?" (Pediatrics 1983;72:128-129) has rejected the "sanctity-of-life view"—as he defines it. He calls it "the obsolete and erroneous notion of the sanctity of all human life." He states that "the philosophical foundations of this view have been knocked asunder." He adds "We can no longer base our ethics on the idea that human beings are a special form of creation made in the image of God."

scholarly journals Humanistic Psychology Study of Abraham Maslow on the Main Character in Tiba Sebelum Berangkat Novel by Faisal Oddang

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sendika Lestari ◽  
Herman J Waluyo ◽  
Negraheni Eko Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Humanistic Psychology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Abraham Maslow ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Self Actualization

This article aims to analyze the main character in the novel Tiba Sebelum Berangkat by Faisal Oddang using the humanistic psychology approach of Abraham Maslow. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative research method. The data source used was Tiba Sebelum Berangkat novel by Faisal Oddang. The data analysis technique in this study used the content analysis. The results of this study indicated that the main character in the novel Tiba Sebelum Berangkat by Faisal Oddang had and performed actions that can be analyzed by using Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This was shown by the content of the novel which presented about conflicts around human life; beliefs, religions, gender and love. Tiba Sebelum Berangkat novel tried to reflect on what might actually happen in people's real life in South Sulawesi. Based on the novel content, the main character built in the novel performed certain actions in obtaining multilevel needs that must be fulfilled as human beings. Tiba Sebelum Berangkat novel showed how humans obtained multilevel needs that must be fulfilled until human self-actualization was achieved.

scholarly journals THE MOTIF OF DREAMS IN ANDRIĆ’S SHORT STORIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 429-443
Author(s):  
Ikbal Smajlović
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Or Organization

The motif of dreams, in addition to the motif of a woman and space, is very significant and frequent in Andrić’s literary work. In fact, the motif of dreams presents a different way of realizing the motif of space, Andrić’s characters are equally realized through it, they live and act in it. This is the result of Andrić’s general interest in human beings and his continuous reflection on their psychology and life. Since the reality and dreams represent the inseparable parts of human life and nature, Andrić is interested in the totality of their variations, following all mutual interrelationships and effects on human beings, their life and psychology. Andrić’s reflection on human beings (their body, spirituality, destiny, life) is not intended to disclose or establish systematic accuracy or organization, but, on the contrary, it is aimed at dynamics, disharmony, and disorder observed in the overall complexity of individual cases. The functions and appearances of the motif of dreams in the short stories are various and numerous: as a long-awaited and unfulfilled desire floating in front of eyes; as a spiritual continuation of real life or an attempt to escape from it; as an extension of suffering, torture and fear; as a hallucination or vision; as an inexplicable punishment, award or a struggle with own consciousness; as a rest; as a sign and hint, etc.

scholarly journals Bioetyka między jakością i świętością życia

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Wiesław Dyk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Biological Aspect ◽  
Interdisciplinary Science ◽  
Natural Approach ◽  
Sanctity Of Life

The aim of the article above is an attempt of the natural approach of based categories of bioethics, namely quality of life, the value of human life, and the sanctity of life (the quality of life makes its sanctity). By thorough analysis, in the biological aspect of goodness and evil and by study the emerging of rational and free (human) Being in the evolutional perspective the effort of showing of uniqueness, specificity, and immunity of a human person is undertaken. The analysis tends toward creating a basis for bioethical valuation. Bioethics as interdisciplinary science has to be based on interdisciplinary anthropology taking into account the ontic-existential structure of human beings.

scholarly journals REKONSTRUKSI TEOLOGI ISLAM KAJIAN KRITIS TERHADAP USAHA PEMBAHARUAN MENUJU TEOLOGI PRAKTIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Suparman Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Real ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The terminology of various theology concepts is very basic in human life, especially when man realizes that he is a creature that have duty to submissive and obedient to God as his creator. Talking about the relationship between man and God will, so other beliefs to the prophets, angles, and another creatures should be aroused, We must prove everything of ours believing in the real life. Therefore, the study of theological view, also be associated with the functions and obligations of human beings responsible in this life. There are various concepts of belief in God, the Prophets, Angels, and another creatures, is how to become an habit over the years, it becomes very important to be revitalized in a more meaningful understanding of the¬ dynamics of human daily life. Through that theological beliefs, expected to reflect the improvement of human performance and dedication in order to carry out the mandate as earth’s caliph. Abstrak: Terminologi tentang teologi dengan berbagai kosep dan teorinya merupakan hal yang sangat mendasar dalam kehidupan manusia, apalagi ketika menusia me-nyadari bahwa dirinya sebagai makhluk memiliki kuajiban untuk tunduk dan patuh kepada penciptanya Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Berbicara masalah hubungan antara manusia dan Tuhan akan me¬refleksikan kepercayaan lain yang wajib muncul adanya, seperti kepercayaan kepada Nabi, Malaikat dan kepercayaan kepada makhluk halus lainnya. Keper¬cayaan kepada semuanya itu harus di¬buktikan secara nyata dalam kehidupan keseharian manusia. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian tentang pemikiran teologi, juga harus dikaitkan dengan fungsi dan kwajiban manusia yang bertanggungjawab dalam ke¬hidupan di dunia ini. Berbagai konsep tentang ke¬percayaan kepada Tuhan, Nabi, Malakat dan lain sebagainya yang bersifat transendental sebagai-mana menjadi kebiasaan selama ini, menjadi sangat penting untuk direvitalisasikan dalam pemahaman yang lebih bermakna demi kepentingan di dunia dalam dinamika keseharian manusia. Melalui pembumian keyakinan teologis itu, diharapkan mampu merefleksikan kepada pe¬n-ingkatan kinerja dan dedikasi manusia dalam rang¬ka mengemban amanat ke¬khalifah¬annya di bumi ini. Keywords: ilmu kalam, khalīfah, al-yasar al-Islāmī, teologi praktis, revitalisasi Turaṡ.

scholarly journals The Evaluation and Treatment of Cervical Factor Infertility a Medical-Moral Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-425
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Keefe ◽  
Renee Mirkes ◽  
Patrick Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Fertility Awareness ◽  
The One ◽  
Unique Ability

The current approach to infertility of assisted reproductive technology (ART) completely misses and then bypasses the evaluation and treatment of cervical factor infertility. In contrast, the Creighton Model Fertility Care System (CrMS), a method of fertility awareness that has the unique ability to quantify cervical mucus observations, and natural procreative technology (NaProTECHNOLOGY or NPT) directly evaluate and treat cervical factor infertility. The ART treatment of choice for cervical factor infertility–-intrauterine insemination (IUI)–-is also morally disparate from the NPT treatment protocol: while the latter genuinely assists the infertile couple's act of sexual union to achieve its natural end of pregnancy, IUI replaces the natural act, depriving human conception of the one context worthy of the dignity of human life and procreation, a reciprocal self-gifting act of love between husband and wife. A renewed interest and focus on the direct evaluation and treatment of cervical factor infertility is needed.

Technology as Materialized Action and Its Ambivalences

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Schraube
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Critical Psychology ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Subjectivity ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Dimensions

The paper attempts to overcome an abstract juxtaposition of human beings and technology and to develop an understanding of the technological mediation of human subjectivity and the inner relation between sociability and materiality. In contrast to the widespread notion of technological products being unproblematic means to an end, solely expanding human agency and disposition over the world, the argumentation puts the case for an understanding of technology as materialized action and contradictory forms of life. Taking this as a basis, the paper identifies in reference to Critical Psychology as well as theories from the field of science and technology studies different dimensions of the ambivalence of technology and its meaning in human life. Furthermore the paper develops suggestions of how psychological theory might contribute to a critical social study of technology.

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