scholarly journals 醫學的工具理性與儒家的中庸之道

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Linjuan ZHENG
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Practice Of Medicine

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.中國現代社會醫學領域中出現的種種怪異現象，不幸印證了這樣一個事實：現代醫學的發展與人類發展醫學之真實目的顯現出背道而馳的趨向。本文以上海某醫院一系列引人深思的事件解析其中的原因，規範醫院的行為確實離不開外在的監督，但筆者認為更深層次的原因是科學主義所導致的現代科學迷信和個別醫務工作者的私慾膨脹，最終歸結為工具理性膨脹對上海某醫院一系列引人深思的事件難辭其咎。針對以上弊端，我們可以從中國儒家思想中尋找到應對的思想資源：首先闡明儒家對科學技術的態度；其次闡明儒家的義利觀；最後闡明儒家的科技態度和義利觀得以實現的路徑——中庸之道。通過對儒家思想的現代轉化，可以用於超越和克服現代醫學領域中的工具理性弊病。Recent years have witnessed various unusual events in the medical field in China. This essay explores one particular event that has attracted intense attention and generated broad discussion: the use of a new but unapproved and unaccredited medical technique in a large Shanghai hospital that caused the death of a patient. Also examined are the series of incidents that led up to this tragic occurrence. Such events and incidents indicate that modern scientific medicine in China has taken a direction that may not be consistent with medicine as health care. Specifically, recent medical developments show an instrumentalist rationality – medicine as a tool for scientific development rather than the treatment of illness and disease.This essay argues that the trend in China towards scientism and instrumentalism in medicine must be overcome by drawing on the moral and intellectual resources of Confucianism. It contends that the Confucian middle way is exactly what is needed to change the current direction in Chinese medical development. First, Confucianism sees science and technology as tools for human flourishing. The current focus on scientism – which seems to hold that science and technology have intrinsic values – is mistaken and should be corrected. Chinese medical technological innovation and application must be directed and mediated by the Confucian moral values of human flourishing and happiness. Second, Confucianism does not reject the gaining of material wealth or medical profit through the practice of medicine, but does require that medical activities be constrained by Confucian virtues, including humanity and righteousness, to ensure that unrighteous profit is not made. The essay concludes by contending that the practice of medicine should be based on embracing the so-called middle way, namely, Confucian virtues and moral concerns, rather than pursuing advanced scientific and technological development.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 134 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals 技術生命的“道”“用”之思

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-32
Author(s):  
Jianguang WANG
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
China Today

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.隨著現代科學技術的發展，生命技術已經將人與技術的傳統物化關係和對象化的二元關係變成了一種“技術人”的關係。這種技術人一方面豐富了傳統的“人”的生物學屬性，另一方面也挑戰著人的社會角色和道德的主體屬性。生命的傳統價值內涵及其歷史主體性地位也因之受到弱化、虛化或被改寫。這不僅影響到人的生存方式，而且道德行為的虛幻化也侵蝕了人的責任和義務的道德基石，模糊了人的法律責任和道德自律性。在此基礎上，使人應當承擔的道義責任變成了一種可以進行技術性解讀的智識化命題。這種因技術而改寫的生命形象也挑戰著傳統的應用倫理原則。中國生命倫理學的建設，不應脫離中國歷史文化的語境和社會現實，並在此基礎上對現代生命技術和技術生命的倫理內涵進行創造性的解讀。它要反映中國文化在新的技術作用下對“人”的內涵進行的一種倫理模式的檢討。這種解讀也應當重視那種從當下的“百姓日用”的角度進行的道用之思。這種道用之思不僅要堅持道用一致、體用相即的原則，更是要植根於中國文化的人生觀、價值觀中，以體現出對現代技術與人的關係的倫理把握。在某種意義上，人類社會倫理的發展史就是不斷地否定和放棄一些舊道德而接受和適應新道德及其標準的過程。因此，中國生命倫理學的建構也就必須重視生命倫理內涵和標準的發展性。Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in areas such as engineering, technology, and medicine. This paper discusses the relationship between the Dao (i.e., the essence) of biotechnology and the function of biotechnology. In describing the situation in China today with regard to the exploration and development of biotechnology, this paper explicates the necessity of paying attention to the ethical implications and moral principles of science and technology. It is the author’s contention that we must put “humanity” and “human flourishing” (i.e., the common good of the Dao) first before we talk about the utility of science and technology. As China tries to catch up with the world in biotechnological technology such as stem cell research, xenotransplantation, regenerative medicine, and the use of genetically modified organisms, we need to be careful not to overstep our ethical boundaries.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 49 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

PENGEMBANGAN KEILMUAN INTEGRATIF DI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-402
Author(s):  
Zainal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Advanced Science ◽  
Epistemological Basis ◽  
Integrative Science

This paper attempts to analyze the development of integrative science at two Islamic universities, namely UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta and UIN Malang. The changes are not just ordinary administrative changes, but based on the epistemological basis of integrated scientific development between science and Islam. The changing of IAIN Sunan Kalijaga and STAIN Malang also showed a new relationship between science (general sciences) and Islam, which requiresmutual relations, mutual dialogue, mutual reinforcement to solve the problems of postmodern human life. The purpose of this relation is to create the graduates who are capable of competing in the postmodern world that increasingly sophisticated and advanced science and technology, in addition, the value of religionbased morality is not abandoned, so they become the holistic human being. Tulisan ini mencoba menganalisis pengembangan keilmuan integratif pada dua universitas Islam negeri, yaitu UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta dan UIN Malang. Perubahan keduanya bukanlah hanya perubahan administrasi biasa, tapi didasari oleh basis epistemologi pengembangan keilmuan terintegrasi antara sains dan Islam. Perubahan IAIN Sunan Kalijaga dan STAIN Malang juga menunjukkan adanya relasi baru antara sains (ilmu-ilmu umum) dan Islam, yaitu relasi saling membutuhkan, saling berdialog, saling menguatkan untuk menyelesaikan problema kehidupan manusia postmodern ini. Tujuan relasi ini untuk mewujudkan lulusan yang mampu bersaing di dunia postmodern yang semakin canggih dan maju ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologinya, selain itu nilai moralitas yang berbasis agama tidak ditinggalkan, sehingga menjadi manusia yang utuh.

scholarly journals Research on the Management System of Science and Technology Incubator

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Technology Incubator ◽  
Technology Incubators

Science and technology incubator, as an organization dedicated to serving science and technology enterprises, has many functions, such as cultivating small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises, transforming science and technology into productivity, adjusting regional and national industrial structure, promoting the development of high and new technology industries, and promoting employment. Since the emergence of the first business incubator in the United States in the 1950s, this new form of social and economic organization has been developing rapidly all over the world, and has cultivated a large number of successful enterprises, which initially made great contributions to promoting the development of the world economy. However, with the increasing number of science and technology incubators and the rapid development of science and technology enterprises, various problems in the management system and operation mode of science and technology incubators are gradually exposed, which seriously affects the sustainable development of science and technology incubators in China. In view of this, based on the analysis of the current situation of science and technology incubator management in China, this paper puts forward the construction strategy of standardized management system of science and technology incubator in order to promote the scientific development of science and technology incubator in China.

Ethics

2020 ◽  
pp. 508-521
Author(s):  
James A. Hynds ◽  
Joseph A. Raho
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Eleven Case ◽  
Moral Expectation

The practice of medicine is an intrinsically ethical endeavor because its fundamental goal is health, a good necessary for and integral to human flourishing. This goal also helps define and identify what counts as ethical behavior in the practice of medicine. Fundamentally, actions that promote the possibility of health are generally to be accounted as ethically good actions. Conversely, those that tend to frustrate or destroy the possibility of health are to be accounted as ethically bad. In addition to having an identity-defining goal, clinical medicine also has a nature or structure proper to it. That structure is relational. The authentic and effective practice of medicine requires a relationship of deep mutual trust between the physician and the physician’s patient and the patient’s family. Therefore, a commitment to and an ability to create and sustain such a relationship is a legitimate moral expectation of a physician and is the source of many of the physician’s ethical responsibilities. In the eleven case studies that follow, common ethical challenges that pediatricians might reasonably expect to encounter in their practice are explored. In each case, it is recommended that the pediatrician adopt the course of action that is most consistent with the nature and goal of medicine understood as a healing profession rooted in and requiring a relationship of mutual trust.

A discussion on building technology in the 1980s - Introductory remarks

1972 ◽  
Vol 272 (1229) ◽  
pp. 495-496
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
British Industry ◽  
Look Ahead

The Royal Society, which for over three centuries has been the prime meeting-place for all the leading pathfinders in British science and technology, is concerned more than ever today with the great enterprise of viewing technological and scientific development and research in the total context of the needs emerging in industry as a whole. To this end, the Society’s Committee on Industrial Activities, of which I am Chairman, but most of whose 22 members are Fellows of the Royal Society working within British industry, has instituted a series of major discussion meetings under the general heading ‘Technology in the 1980s’. One clear object of these meetings is to focus attention upon those developments and researches now in progress that relate to the needs of a particular industry and that seem so important that they are likely to transform some aspect of the technology of that industry by (say) the 1980s. An even more important aim is to look ahead, in the light of all the information we have about not only technological but also general developments in that industry, and to try to forecast its expected character and problems in the 1980 s in an integrated fashion, that can give real help in planning today’s research and development effort.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CONCEPTS OF INTERDISCIPLINARITY AND MULTIDISCIPLINARITY IN BACHELOR OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COURSES

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Bachelor Of Science ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Projects ◽  
Teaching Learning

Interdisciplinarity is an advocacy of multiple disciplines, not the elimination of curricular subjects, as one might mistakenly infer. In other words, a solid disciplinary base is a prerequisite for the development of interdisciplinary projects. At the same time, disciplines are historical products of scientific development, being epistemological tools of scientific practice and political institutional arrangements for the control of knowledge. The knowledge related to interdisciplinarity builds, in the social environment, a relationship established across disciplines, and can be inserted in schools through projects and comprehensive work. Such projects can be observed in some universities. The use of interdisciplinarity in science and technology courses offers precious opportunities for students to solve problems, effectively building and consolidating knowledge in a learning process capable of inserting them in the labor market. Like interdisciplinarity, multidisciplinarity is a catalyst in the teaching-learning process, enabling students to act actively in the construction of their knowledge. Multidisciplinarity means that several disciplines study the same subject at the same time. The present article was developed to present a qualitative and quantitative panorama of the courses of Interdisciplinary Bachelor of Science and Technology, offered in brazilian federal universities.

scholarly journals Communicating Science for social inclusion and political engagement: reflections on the PCST Conference, Brazil 2014

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. R01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Treffry-Goatley
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
International Community ◽  
National Government ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Sheer Size

The 13th International Public Communication of Science and Technology Conference (PCST) conference offered a valuable opportunity for over 500 science communicators to congregate and network with the international community. While the sheer size of the event made fostering debate somewhat of a challenge, the pertinent theme of ‘science communication for social inclusion and political engagement’, inspired some thought-provoking talks. Certainly, it was an appropriate time for this topic to be explored in Brazil, a developing country with a national government actively working towards greater social inclusion and local scientific development.

The Magnificent Spruce

2021 ◽  
pp. 425-441
Author(s):  
Carl Wennerlind
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Proper Understanding

After its success in the Thirty Years’ War, Sweden harbored ambitions to establish an empire. To sustain its efforts, statesmen realized the need to generate more domestic wealth. The ensuing debates gave rise to an improvement discourse, centered on the harnessing of Sweden’s abundant natural resources. While most improvement writers were patronized by the state and offered state-centered analyses, the protagonist of this essay, Anders Kempe (1622–1689), was a staunch critic of Sweden’s warmongering state. In his mind, the state had become an obstacle to true human flourishing, which recent scientific development had put within humanity’s grasp. Free from wars, predatory taxation, and miseducation, the Swedish people would be in a position to create a society of abundance and righteousness. Kempe’s main recipe for progress was to use recent advancements in natural philosophy to transform nature into useable wealth. In his most famous publication, The Anatomized Spruce (1675), Kempe elaborated on the economic and medicinal benefits that a proper understanding of the spruce tree, its bark, branches, sap, roots, and needles might yield. In sharing the focus on the transformation of nature with other Swedish Cameralist writers, but wholeheartedly rejecting the state, Kempe can be categorized as an anarcho-Cameralist.

Epistemic Challenges and the Necessary Epistemic Responses

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Erwin B. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Medical Decisions ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Practice Of Science

The practice of medicine is different from the practice of science, although some have argued that medicine must increasingly approximate science if progress in medicine is to be made. There is a myth that science medicine will eliminate uncertainty. Science can remain contingent and pending as individual patients demand action and medical decisions cannot be put in abeyance. Some extrapolate from this difference that science and medicine are fundamentally different, for example, maintaining a distinction between practical and scientific medicine. Yet medicine, practical or otherwise, still requires the use of logic and thus philosophical analysis. Indeed, on closer analysis, medical and scientific reasoning are not fundamentally different—only the consequences are different. Variations of logic to provide utility require an expanded sense of logic. However, with growing appreciation that most living biological systems are chaotic and complex, the logic used in medicine must continue to evolve.

scholarly journals 跨越ＡＩ醫生與病人之間的意義鴻溝——評＜在ＡＩ醫生和病人之間——人工智能診斷技術的內在邏輯及其對病人主體性建構的影響＞

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Chao LI
Keyword(s):  
Medical Field ◽  
Life World ◽  
Ethical Thought ◽  
The Core ◽  
Patient Interaction ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Physician Patient

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.There is a gap in meaning between the AI physician and patient, relating to the generation of meaning and the construction of personality. Bridging this gap in meaning has become an unavoidable problem when rethinking the application of AI technology in the medical field. Only when the construction of patients’ subjectivity turns from practical to ethical thought can we fully demonstrate the core of physician–patient interaction; that is, the generation of meaning and the construction of personality. Only then, facing the life world itself, starting with ethics, relationships, emotions, etc., can we connect the AI physician with the patient. The replacement of human physicians by AI physicians is neither technologically inevitable nor philosophically viable. Both technology and philosophy have the possibility of a logical turn.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 31 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

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