scholarly journals The genetic effect of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on callus induced from mature embryos of beans Phaseolus vulgaris

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Sattar A. Shlahi ◽  
Zahra N. Al- Hattab
Keyword(s):  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Normal Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Staining Methods

This research was conducted to study the effect of the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG)on the chromosomes of callus induced from mature bean embryos, Harvester cultivar. Seeds were treated with 0.2 or o.4 mM of the mutagen that mixed with different percentages of ethanol for 24 hrs. Calli were induced on MS medium in the presence of 0.5 mg/L of Benzyl adenine (BA), 1 mg/L Indole acetic acid (IAA) and 100 mg/L from each of Casein hydrolysate, Glycine, Asparagine, Tyrosine, and Myo-Inositol. Samples were pretreated with 1, 2- benzene dichloride, Para –dichlorobenzene, or Colchicine. Two different staining methods were used to stain the chromosomes from root tips and calli.The results showed that Para –dichlorobenzene is the best pretreatment for both root tips and callicells. However, the stain acetoorcein was the best for the root tips while Feulgen stain was the best for calli cells. Chromosome count showed that there were 22 chromosomes in all the cells of bean root tips (control). While a wide range of chromosome numbers were obtained from calli cells with or without mutagen treatment. Ninety six percent of the non treatedcalli gave the normal number of chromosomes while only 60% of calli treated with (0.4 mM+4% ethanol) gave the normal number of chromosomes. Calli cells from all the treatments showed chromosome multiplication except in the presence of ethanol.

scholarly journals Effect of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) on callus induction and survival rate on mature embryos of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Sattar A. Shlahi ◽  
Zahra N. Hashim Al- Hattab
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Survival Percentage

This research was conducted to study the effect of the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on the percentage of callus induction and survival from mature beans embryos harvester cultivar. Seeds were treated with (0.2 or 0.4) millimolar of the mutagen NTG in combination with 0.0, 4 or 8% of ethanol, pH 5 ±2 0. for 24 h. Calli were induced on mature embryos by using MS medium with 0.5 mg/l of Benzyl adenine (BA), 1 mg/l Indole acetic acid (IAA) and 100 mg/l from each of Casein hydrolysate, Glycine, Asparagine, Tyrosine, and Myo-Inositol. Results showed that the hypocotyl surpassed the radical and the plume significantly in terms of survival reached 56.3%. Mutagen treatments showed asignificant effect on calli survival. Treatment with 8% Ethanol was lethal for all explants. While treatment with 0.4 mM NTG without Ethanol gaved the highest survival rate. The interaction between the treatments and the explants showed that the lowest survival percentage was which 8.8% that was for shoots treated with 0.2 mM of 4% Ethanol. Calli induced on hypocotyls treated with 0.4 mM NTG without Ethanol gave the highest fresh weight (347.2) mg while the lowest was (60) mg for calli induced on the radical treated with 0.4 mM NTG with 4% Ethanol. Moreover the highest dry weight was 22.5 mg for calli induced from hypocotyls treated with 0.4 millimolar NTG without Ethanol that was higher than the control 17.2 mg.The lowest dry weight obtained from calli induced on the radical treated with 0.4 mM NTG with 4% Ethanol was 3 mg. In conclusion the results showed that 0.4 mM NTG without Ethanol gave the highest survival rate and the highest fresh and dry weight for calli induced on the hypocotyl.

scholarly journals Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in seed germination and root-shoot development of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under different salinity condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mosharraf Hossain ◽  
Keshob Chandra Das ◽  
Sabina Yesmin ◽  
Syfullah Shahriar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that colonize plant roots and enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms. Ten isolates of bacteria designated as SS01, SS02, SS03, SS04, SS05, SS06, SS07, SS08, SS09 and SS10 were successfully isolated and morphologically and biochemically characterized. Subsequently to investigate the effect of PGPR isolates on the growth of chickpea, a pot culture experiment was conducted in 2013 at National Institute Biotechnology, Bangladesh net house. Prior to seeds grown in plastic pots, seeds were treated with PGPR isolates and seedlings were harvested after 21 days of inoculation. All the isolates were gram negative in reaction, catalase positive, produced indole acetic acid (IAA) as well as performed phosphate solubilization, able to degrade cellulose and have the adaptability in wide range of temperature and showed positive growth pattern in medium. Most of isolates resulted in a significant increasing of shoot length, root length and dry matter production of shoot and root of chickpea seedlings. Application of PGPR isolates significantly improves the percentage of seed germination under saline conditions. The present study, therefore suggested that the use of PGPR isolates SS04, SS10 and SS08 as inoculants biofertilizers might be beneficial for chickpea cultivation in saline conditionRes. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 105-113, April 2016

scholarly journals Anther Culture of Potato and Molecular Analysis of Anther-derived Plants as Laboratory Exercises for Plant Breeding Courses

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Veilleux
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simple Medium

Anther culture has been one of the most successful techniques for generating haploid plants over a wide range of species. It is a reasonably simple procedure that can be accomplished successfully without sophisticated laboratory facilities; yet, the plants generated through anther culture can be used to demonstrate the application of many modern methods that have direct applicability to plant breeding. Anthers of diploid potato clones that have been selected for competence in anther culture can be cultured in a simple medium to yield androgenic embryos after 5 weeks. Plant regeneration requires an additional 3 to 4 weeks. Regenerated plants should be large enough 2 weeks after transfer to basal medium for ploidy determination by any of three methods depending on available facilities: chromosome counts in root tips; chloroplast counts in stomatal guard cells; or flow cytometry of nuclei released from in vitro plantlets. DNA can be extracted from anther-derived plantlets using a rapid extraction procedure to demonstrate segregation of PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based markers such as RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA), RAMPs (randomly amplified microsatellite polymorphisms), or microsatellites. Microsatellite markers that were heterozygous in the anther donor can be used to verify haploidy in anther-derived plants. If an anther culture laboratory is scheduled early in a semester, such molecular analysis can be planned for late in the same semester.

scholarly journals Estimating individuals’ genetic and non-genetic effects underlying infectious disease transmission from temporal epidemic data

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e1008447
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Pooley ◽  
Glenn Marion ◽  
Stephen C. Bishop ◽  
Richard I. Bailey ◽  
Andrea B. Doeschl-Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Infectious Disease Transmission ◽  
Wide Range

Individuals differ widely in their contribution to the spread of infection within and across populations. Three key epidemiological host traits affect infectious disease spread: susceptibility (propensity to acquire infection), infectivity (propensity to transmit infection to others) and recoverability (propensity to recover quickly). Interventions aiming to reduce disease spread may target improvement in any one of these traits, but the necessary statistical methods for obtaining risk estimates are lacking. In this paper we introduce a novel software tool called SIRE (standing for “Susceptibility, Infectivity and Recoverability Estimation”), which allows for the first time simultaneous estimation of the genetic effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), as well as non-genetic influences on these three unobservable host traits. SIRE implements a flexible Bayesian algorithm which accommodates a wide range of disease surveillance data comprising any combination of recorded individual infection and/or recovery times, or disease diagnostic test results. Different genetic and non-genetic regulations and data scenarios (representing realistic recording schemes) were simulated to validate SIRE and to assess their impact on the precision, accuracy and bias of parameter estimates. This analysis revealed that with few exceptions, SIRE provides unbiased, accurate parameter estimates associated with all three host traits. For most scenarios, SNP effects associated with recoverability can be estimated with highest precision, followed by susceptibility. For infectivity, many epidemics with few individuals give substantially more statistical power to identify SNP effects than the reverse. Importantly, precise estimates of SNP and other effects could be obtained even in the case of incomplete, censored and relatively infrequent measurements of individuals’ infection or survival status, albeit requiring more individuals to yield equivalent precision. SIRE represents a new tool for analysing a wide range of experimental and field disease data with the aim of discovering and validating SNPs and other factors controlling infectious disease transmission.

scholarly journals CHROMOSOME COUNT ON YOUNG ANTHER OF BANANA MALE BUD USING EZYMATIC MACERATION AND DAPI STAINING IN SLIDE PREPARATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajarudin Ahmad ◽  
Yuyu Suryasari Poerba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Study ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Chromosome Counting ◽  
Fluorescent Staining ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Slide Preparation ◽  
Staining Methods

Chromosome counting is the basis in describing the chromosomes number of organism that might useful for genetic study and classification. In banana studies, the root tip with a combination of non-fluorescent staining methods such as carmine or orcein and squash is the most common material for chromosome counting. In this study, we presented the usefulness of young anther of banana male bud with enzymatic maceration method for cell spreading and 4,6-diamino-2-phenyl-indole (DAPI) for staining agent to get a satisfying chromosomes image at metaphase for mitotic study of diploid and tetraploid bananas. The principle of this study is fixation using ethanol:acetic acid (3:1), enzymatic digestion, maceration and staining using DAPI. Our result showed that this method can provide well spread cells with intensely contrast of chromosomes images that satisfying for chromosome counting. 

Effect of various nitrogen sources on growth of Sclerotinia

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potassium Nitrite

A wide range in growth responses was obtained by two isolates each of Sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss. and S. sclerotiorum (Lib.) d By. in stationary culture in a synthetic liquid medium containing a number of nitrogen sources representing both organic and inorganic forms. Good sources of nitrogen were casein hydrolysate, L-proline, DL-asparagine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-histidine, L-alanine, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, L-tryptophan, ammonium sulfate, and DL-phenylalanine. Poor nitrogen sources included potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite, DL-lysine, L-valine, L-cysteine, DL-threonine, and DL-methionine. An additional eight sources were intermediate in the amount of growth supported. Growth by the S. trifoliorum isolates on the ammonium nitrogen sources was significantly greater than on the nitrate sources. No such difference was observed for the S. sclerotiorum isolates. DL-Phenylalanine ranked much lower and L-glutamic acid and calcium nitrate much higher as nitrogen sources for the S. sclerotiorum isolates than for S. trifoliorum isolates. Significant differences between the isolates of each species were observed on a number of nitrogen sources.

Cytogenetic Diversity and Characterization of Vicia sativa Subspecies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berk Benlioglu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Length ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Karyotype Asymmetry ◽  
Intrachromosomal Asymmetry

Background: Vicia sativa L. is variable genus comprised of several subspecies. Close relative species and subspecies of the cultivated species are easily usable gene sources because they have gained resistance against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. The main objectives of this study are to identify and describe the cytogenetical and karyological characteristics of subspecies in the Vicia sativa complex.Methods: The research material consisted of multiple entries collected from the five subspecies of nine taxa. All cytological observations made from root tips. Six chromosomal parameters (chromosome length, relative length, long arm length, short arm length, arm ratio and centromeric index) and five karyotype asymmetric parameters (difference in relative length, total form percentage, intrachromosomal asymmetry index, interchromosomal asymmetry index and mean centromeric asymmetry) were determined.Result: It was determined that the chromosome number of subspecies were 2n =10-12. The haploid chromosome lengths of subspecies were 15.86-33.88 µm and the average chromosome lengths varied between 2.64-5.65 µm. According to the intrachromosomal karyotype asymmetry index analysis, subsp. segetalis was the most asymmetric karyotype and subsp. sativa “Antalya” was the most symmetric karyotype. According to the interchromosomal karyotype asymmetry index analysis, subsp. angustifolia was the most asymmetric karyotype and subsp. nigra was the most symmetric karyotype.

Production de plantes haploïdes de Gerbera jamesonii par culture in vitro d'ovules

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2355-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamar Ahmim ◽  
Joachim Vieth
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Culture In Vitro ◽  
Callus Production ◽  
Unfertilized Ovules ◽  
Haploid Plants

Unfertilized ovules of Gerbera jamesonii were cultivated in vitro and haploid plants were successfully regenerated. Five concentrations of sugar, and four hormonal combinations containing indole acetic acid and benzyl adenine were tested. The best results were obtained with 0.1 mg indole acetic acid/L and 0.2 mg benzyl adenine/L; 1% sugar in the medium was sufficient for callus production and regeneration of plantlets from the clone of the experimental cultivar, 'Super Gerbera'. One hundred and fifty ovules per capitulum can be cultivated and under optimal conditions a frequency of 5% haploid plantlets can be obtained.

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