scholarly journals Historical Policy in the context of Transformations of the National security Concepts in Belarus and Russia: theoretical foundations

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
A.A. Mushta ◽  
◽  
T.V. Rastimehina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The interrelated concepts of historical policy and memory policy are considered. The foundations of the relationship between the security policy of the individual, society and the state and the policy of memory are traced. The author notes the peculiarity of modern Russian and Belarusian historical politics, which is associated with the use of historical memory as a source of legitimacy of political institutions. The author shows the prerequisites for the securitization of historical and memory policy in the context of increasing risks and threats of an external nature and internal destabilization in relation to the political systems of Belarus and Russia.

Marx's Idealist Critique of Hegel's Theory of Society and Politics

1989 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Duquette
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The article is a comparative study of Hegel and Marx on the nature and function of the political state and it argues that Marx's critique of Hegel on this topic is aimed not at the “idealism” of the state, which concerns the principle of universal freedom, but rather at the “material” presuppositions of the state. Indeed, Marx's critique of political institutions is premised upon the way in which they are infected with the egoism and self-seeking of civil (bürgerliche) society. The relationship between the views of Hegel and Marx on these points is explored by (1) giving an exegesis of Hegel's conception of civil society as a foundation for freedom, (2) examining Marx's critique of Hegel's theory of the state, (3) distinguishing the Hegelian and Marxian philosophical conceptions of freedom, the individual, and community, and (4) evaluating the fairness and cogency of Marx's critique of Hegel.

Trade Unions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Political System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Critical Moments

In assessing the relationship between trade unions and British politics, this chapter has two focuses. First, it examines the role of trade unions as significant intermediate associations within the political system. They have been significant as the means for the development of citizenship and involvement in society, as well as a restraint upon the power of the state. Their power has also raised questions about the relationship between the role of associations and the freedom of the individual. Second, the chapter considers critical moments when the trade unions challenged the authority of governments, especially in the periods 1918–26 and 1979–85. Both of these lines of inquiry underline the importance of conservatism in the achievement of stability in modern Britain.

Dimensions of Political Alienation

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada W. Finifter
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political System ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Citizen Support ◽  
The Individual

In recent years there has emerged in this country a radical questioning and rejection of established political institutions unparalleled since the Civil War in its intensity and scope. One objective indicator of this trend since World War II is the marked rise in voluntary renunciation of American citizenship, an act which represents the formal and final estrangement of the individual from his former political ties. Available evidence suggests that estrangement from the polity is also widespread in countries throughout the world as fundamental questions are being raised about the legitimacy of political institutions and political leadership.Attitudes toward the political system have long been a concern of political scientists. Major orienting theories of the political system suggest that citizen support plays a crucial role in determining the structure and processes of political systems. Almond and Verba, for example, use the concept “civic culture” to refer to a complex mix of attitudes and behaviors considered to be conducive to democratic government. Easton underscores the fundamental importance of attitudes for system stability, focusing especially on “diffuse support” as a prerequisite for the integration of political systems. He suggests that “(w)here the input of support falls below [a certain] minimum, the persistence of any kind of system will be endangered. A system will finally succumb unless it adopts measures to cope with the stress.”The conversion of these general theoretical ideas into systematic empirical theory requires further rigorous and comprehensive analyses of types of citizen support and the development of empirical indicators for this domain.

The Politics of Ithaca

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-240
Author(s):  
Joel P. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
Extended Treatment ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter presents an analysis of the political situation in Ithaca. A clearer picture of the political situation may allow one to see the Ithacan people as suffering from a collective trauma, which partly explains their behavior before and after Odysseus's return. Of utmost importance is that the families of the suitors assemble, debate, and about half decide to avenge themselves on Odysseus. This conflict contains the overlay of several types of discourse that touch upon justice, the nature of politics, and the relationship between the individual and the state. The reading offers a new extended treatment of the politics of the Odyssey, which forces one to reconsider the heroic presentation of Odysseus by the poet (and by himself). The chapter then examines the sudden surprising closure of the epic from the perspective of modern studies in political amnesties.

scholarly journals From corporatism to the “foundation of labour”: notes on political cultures across Fascist and Republican Italy

Tempo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-255
Author(s):  
Laura Cerasi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Political Cultures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Institutional Architecture ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Until the mid-1930s, corporatism represented the main vehicle of self-representation that fascism gave to its own resolution of the crisis of the modern state; the investment in corporatism involved not only the attempt to build a new institutional architecture that regulated the relations between the State, the individual and society, but also the legal, economic and political debate. However, while the importance of corporatism decreased in the last years of the regime, the labour issue to which it was genetically linked found new impetus. After Liberation Day, the labour issue was not abandoned along with corporatism, but it was laid down in Article 1 of the Constitution. The aim of this paper is to acknowledge the political cultures that in interwar years faced the above-mentioned processes, with particular reference to the fascist “left”, the reformist socialists and, above all, Catholics of different orientations, in order to examine some features of the relationship between the labour issue and statehood across the 20th century.

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF ECONOMIC SECURITY AND NATIONAL SECURITY: THEORETICAL ASPECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Ангелина Пенькова ◽  
Angelina Pen'kova ◽  
Юрий Кухарев ◽  
uriy Kuharev ◽  
Инесса Малогорская ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Relevance of the topic. The most important part of the overall national security system is economic security, which affects almost all aspects of the life of the state, society and economy. There is a close relationship between economic security and the system of national public interests. Consideration of the designated topic as the most important unit in the system of national security is primarily due to the fact that the economy is the basis of the life of society, the state, the individual, the sustainable development of the country as a whole. Purpose: to Consider approaches to the concepts of "national security" and "economic security" and to determine the place of economic security within the framework of national security. Objectives: to explain the concept of "economic security" and national security", to consider the relationship between these definitions, to study the "Strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation." Methodology. Empirical and theoretical methods of knowledge of the surrounding economic reality. Methods of scientific abstraction, ascent from abstract to concrete, economic analysis and synthesis, inductive and deductive methods were used in the work. Results. The strategy of economic security of the Russian Federation until 2030 is considered. For any country, the most important component of national security is economic security. In the works of domestic scientists, the term "national security" and "economic security" are often removed from the category of "security". The variety of interpretations of this term can be explained by the fact that the category of "security" is defined ambiguously, allows for different interpretations. Summary. In modern conditions, the relationship of economic security within the framework of national security has not lost its relevance, while their importance increases due to the aggravation of contradictions, as well as in connection with the crisis phenomena in the world economy.

Citizenship For Sale?

2017 ◽  
pp. 788-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayelet Shachar
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

“There are some things that money can’t buy.” Is citizenship among them? This chapter explores this question by highlighting the core legal and ethical puzzles associated with the surge in cash-for-passport programs. The spread of these new programs is one of the most significant developments in citizenship practice in the past few decades. It tests our deepest intuitions about the meaning and attributes of the relationship between the individual and the political community to which she belongs. This chapter identifies the main strategies employed by a growing number of states putting their visas and passports “for sale,” selectively opening their otherwise bolted gates of admission to the high-net-worth individuals of the world. Moving from the positive to the normative, the discussion then elaborates the main arguments in favor of, as well as against, citizenship-for-sale. The discussion draws attention to the distributive and political implications of these developments, both locally and globally, and identifies the deeper forces at work that contribute to the perpetual testing, blurring, and erosion of the state-market boundary regulating access to membership.

A Vindication of the Rights of Men; A Vindication of the Rights of Woman; An Historical and Moral View of the French Revolution

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Wollstonecraft
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Mary Wollstonecraft ◽  
The Political ◽  
Moral View ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The French Revolution

This volume brings together extracts of the major political writings of Mary Wollstonecraft in the order in which they appeared in the revolutionary 1790s. It traces her passionate and indignant response to the excitement of the early days of the French Revolution and then her uneasiness at its later bloody phase. It reveals her developing understanding of women’s involvement in the political and social life of the nation and her growing awareness of the relationship between politics and economics and between political institutions and the individual. In personal terms, the works show her struggling with a belief in the perfectibility of human nature through rational education, a doctrine that became weaker under the onslaught of her own miserable experience and the revolutionary massacres. Janet Todd’s introduction illuminates the progress of Wollstonecraft’s thought, showing that a reading of all three works allows her to emerge as a more substantial political writer than a study of The Rights of Woman alone can reveal.

POLITICAL SCENARIOS OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTARY MONARCHIES’ DEVELOPMENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
M.S. KABATSKY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Time ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Research ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
The Future

The article discusses the concept of political scenarios that can be applied to identify the prospects for the development of European parliamentary monarchies. A detailed typology of political scenarios is proposed, as well as their influence on both European parliamentary monarchies and the European political process is established. The proposed classification considers political scenarios that may arise in parliamentary and non-parliamentary monarchies, as well as in republics, including scenarios for the development and preservation of a parliamentary monarchy, or its weakening, abolition or transition to a different kind of monarchy, as well as scenarios of a potential transition to a parliamentary monarchy, restoration or proclamation. All the described political scenarios are included in the groups of main or reserve scenarios, depending on the political probability of their occurrence. The proposed political scenarios are illustrated with historical and contemporary examples founded on the research of political systems and political institutions of European states. The developed classification of political scenarios reflects the versatility and multi-vector of the variants of the evolution of the parliamentary monarchy in modern time, and covers all potential paths of transformation, which makes it possible to use this classification in political research aimed at studying European parliamentary monarchies, as well as political forecasting of the state of this form of government in the foreseeable the future.

War and the Fate of Regimes: A Comparative Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Bueno de Mesquita ◽  
Randolph M. Siverson ◽  
Gary Woller
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
National Security Policy ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
International War

Governments are likely to be held accountable for the success or failure of their foreign policies. Consequently, we claim that international wars can, under specified conditions, have domestically instigated consequences for violent regime change in the political systems of the participants. Drawing upon all international war participation between 1816 and 1975, we seek to answer the question, Do wars lead to violent changes of regime and if so, under what conditions? Three hypotheses set out the expected associations of a nation's initiator or target role in a war, the war outcome, and the costs of the war with domestically instigated violent changes of regime. Direct relationships are found for all three and hold even against possible threats to their validity and robustness. The results suggest that domestic politics play a larger role in national security policy than is generally believed by realist or neorealist theorists.

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