scholarly journals Competition, Technocracy and Inequality

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Paul Cocioc
Keyword(s):  
Business Owners ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Theoretical Virtues ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
Firm Management

The article present a brief analyze of theoretical virtues of free competition in relation with some visible limits and negative consequences observed in real economic life. Social intervention to correct (at least in part) those social failures and the new responses of the firms are discussed too. Possible motivations of these new actions are presented in connection with technocratic model of firm management. It seems that the model of professionalization of firm leadership created not only a new structure within the category of the intermediaries (one with extremely high powers), but later generated new interests typical for a social category. The intermediary develops his own agenda and seeks to control not only the market but also the business owners (which is possible in the conditions of the fragmentation of the large property). They have the power to distort and undermine normal competition (or at least to try it) and that conduct to some practices at legal and ethical borderline.

scholarly journals Blessed are those that hunger and thirst for righteousness: Sharpening the ethical dimension of prophetic preaching in a context of corruption

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz W. De Wet ◽  
Ferdi P. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
African Society ◽  
The South ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
South African Society ◽  
Prophetic Preaching ◽  
The Impact

The prevalence of corruption has enormous negative consequences for the ideal of an orderly and peaceful society. Corruption does not only have a destructive impact on socio-economic life, but also on human relationships, value systems and vision for life. With this research the authors described the role of the ethical dimension of prophetic preaching in addressing the apparent lack of righteousness as it manifests in a context of corruption in the South African society. The problem field was explored with the focus on an apparent lack of vision and willingness to hunger and thirst for righteousness in the current manifestation of corruption in the South African society. Normative perspectives from Scripture (attempting to voice the impact of Jesus� words in the Beatitudes, with the focus on Matthew 5�6) were discussed. It is reasoned that Jesus� words pneumatologically proved to be essential in developing a sharpened and action-inducing vision of the righteousness of the kingdom of God breaking through in the praxis of a society struggling with the effects of corruption. The research culminated in the formulation of preliminary homiletic theory with a view to a vision for a kind of prophetic preaching that will be able to activate the consciousness of hungering and thirsting for the righteousness of God�s kingdom and lead the believer in a life culminating in blessed nourishment. The ethical dimension of prophetic preaching is anchored in the eschatological sphere, aimed at making the perceiver conscious of the distinct presence of the King, calling his people to a blessed presence in this world and empowering them with his promise of restoration of an abundant life for all.

scholarly journals Chaos definition and its role in complicated systems’ developement

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
S. SOLODOVNICOV
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic System ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
Full State

Economic theory is required to develop a definite attitude toward free competition. The absolutization of this phenomenon leads to the entropy of the economic system (its death). However, full state regulation of economic life of society will lead to stagnation and degradation. Thus, the problem of determining the optimal ratio of chaos and order in the socio-economic system in order to increase the vitality of society becomes gnoseologically relevant.

scholarly journals The Establishment and Activities of a Banking Syndicate: The “Red Cross” Stock Exchange

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Lizunov ◽  
Vladimir Morozan
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Banking Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Government

This article considers the activity of the syndicate also known as the “Red Cross” stock exchange. The authors study a unique case in Russia’s economic life where the State Bank established a syndicate based on the leading credit facilities of the empire in order to regulate the stock market. The study refers to archival materials form the Russian State Historical Archive, more particularly, business documents of the central office of the State Bank, the St Petersburg branch of the Bank, and the special Credit Chancellery. The authors employ traditional research methods, providing an objective systematic analysis of certain historical processes in the Russian economy and society. According to the government and St Petersburg bankers, the syndicate that appeared at the very start of the economic crisis of 1890 and 1903 was supposed to mitigate the negative consequences of the crisis for certain industrial enterprises and banks. The paper considers the first period of its existence from 1899 to 1911. Established at the initiative of Minister of Finance S. Yu. Witte and made up of the largest banks and banking houses, the syndicate was directly controlled by the State Bank, which provided it with resources for operations on the capital stock exchange. Operated by the country’s main bank, the syndicate enjoyed a certain amount of freedom, which allowed it buy dividend bonds. It is noteworthy that allocating the necessary funds for these exchange operations, the State Bank secured itself against potential losses, as all potential risks were to be managed by the banking union. Obviously, it was these conditions between the State Bank and the syndicate that enabled the latter to operate with some independence, pursuing its own commercial interests. The authors conclude that its operations at the exchange were conditioned by its own idea of the importance of certain dividend bonds for the stock exchange, which was reflected in the securities it bought. The syndicate’s operations on the St Petersburg Stock Exchange were contradictory, as its decisions were not always successful. However, it managed to avoid considerable losses and finished its operations with a profit in 1911.

scholarly journals INDUSTRIAL CORPORATIONS OF PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA IN MODERN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY (1990s – 2010s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
M. N. Baryshnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Business History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Industrial Firms ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Large Joint ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sociocultural Characteristics

Given the growing need for a better understanding of the history of Russian business, the author suggests that a comprehensive historiographic analysis that logically combines theoretically developed conceptual findings and micro indicators obtained empirically is a particularly useful prospect for studying industrial corporations. Based on the capitalist modernization concept, the author studies how factors at the level of production, ownership, management, and the environment are combined into distinct institutional and organizational forms that spur industrial business. The goal of the article is to (1) highlight the utility of using a complex approach in advancing industrial firms research and (2) promote the use of such an approach to foster a better understanding of the interests of business owners and how these interests may relate to important economic, institutional, organizational and sociocultural characteristics of large joint stock companies. With these goals in mind, the article is a survey of research in extant business history literature that used conceptual characteristics and archival research to describe industrial corporations. Engaging recent studies, the author demonstrates how the analysis of firms helps illuminate the dynamics of economic life in pre-revolutionary Russia. Using the proposed subject-chronological approach to the historiographic study, the article confirms that the academic developments of the 1990s – the 2010s were thematically broader than previously described. Thus, the history of industrial corporations is important for understanding various aspects of Russia’s economic development in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The author presents suggestions for future research using macro- and microanalysis and their applications to the history of industrial corporations.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY INTO THE NATIONAL TAX SYSTEMS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
Oksana M. Makhalina ◽  
◽  
Victor N. Makhalin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
International Projects ◽  
National Tax ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of this article is due to the practical purpose of studying the foreign experience of taxation with a view to further use in the process of improving the Russian mechanism of the tax system. Existing differences in tax legislation in many countries allow international corporations to use a variety of ways to avoid paying enough taxes. The organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD) has been fighting such corporate tax crimes for several years, but has not always offered solutions that address the potential negative consequences for developing countries. To this end, the BEPS plan was developed in 2013 and finally adopted in 2015. It is a list of OECD measures to counteract the erosion of the tax base and the removal of multinational companies from taxation. The article considers international projects based on global monitoring the tax services of various States and current trends in the development and improvement of the tax administrating in accordance with the requirements of the BEPS plan and the digital economy. Those measures are presented in the article as a system for adapting the tax service to new ways of doing business based on the developing digital economy. At the same time, two issues of tax adaptation are solved. First, how to determine the tax presence in a given tax jurisdiction. Second, what is the role of the data and users and their dependence on intangible assets that characterize new digital business models, how and where the final product or service is created. In conclusion, the authors formulate recommendations for the organization of effective and efficient taxation of participants in the production process in the digital economy: it is necessary to secure taxpayers against unnecessary costs associated with tax administrating; the introduction of a fair approach to economic entities over a proportional tax burden; promote legal and regulatory certainty; comply with the principles of free competition in the absence of whatsoever protectionist measures on the part of the state; mitigate the impact on countries with weak economies.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CRISIS ON THE EDUCATION SPHERE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelyzaveta Mykhaylova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Life Impact ◽  
The Impact

The economic crisis is viewed in this article as a two-way process, during which a transformation of socio-economic processes and rethinking of theoretical patterns can be observed. For developing countries, the effects of the economic crisis impact the most on social processes. But at the same time the efforts to minimize the negative consequences, are focused only on that part of the social sphere which directly depends on basic economic indicators, and the relatively autonomous spheres, as well as the system of basic and applied science and innovation are not taken into account. The economic crisis of 2020, the tiger of which was a pandemic, is characterized as a crisis of demand and it influences the most on developing countries because of the lack of resources. The purpose of the article is to highlight the main directions of the impact of economic crises on education, in particular in developing countries, as well as to describe and predict the consequences of such impacts on the socio-economic sphere of society. Taking into account declining wages in companies, rising unemployment, reduction production and tax revenues that began with the crisis and efforts to save, the significant decline in living standards are appeared unavoidably. It should be mentioned that such changes in socio-economic life impact not only on the reduction of wages, but also on the structure of demand for labor by profession and skill level. In any state character of the education system is determined by socio-economic and political systems, as well as cultural, historical, and national characteristics of countries. In addition to the global economic crisis, which affects the education, education itself around the world does not satisfy the demands of the modern society and as a result is in crisis by itself. The development or transformation of education in the system of knowledge economy is possible only with the improvement of the education quality, with the transformation of the content of education, with the creation of integration educational programs and with the change of management strategies.

scholarly journals Socialization of Economic Subjects as a Condition for the Realization of Social Goals of Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-135
Author(s):  
I. S. BILA ◽  
V. V. SANDUGEY
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Dialectical Logic ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

Socialization of the economy is a process that, on the one hand, involves the subordination of economic processes to the interests of man himself, redistribution of production results, improving working and living conditions in the direction of social goals, and, on the other hand, aimed at assimilating and using social norms, values, patterns of behavior and interaction with society in order to ensure normal functioning. Th e authors of the article are convinced that the socialization of economic entities is an objective process of development of a market-type economic system and a way to solve its problems. Th e market transformation of Ukraine’s economy has led to a number of negative consequences in the so cioeconomic life of the country, which necessitates finding mechanisms for optimal participation of economic entities in the implementation of social goals of society. Th e purpose of the article is to identify the main manifestations of socialization of the state and business in the modern economy in order to determine the level of their socialization in Ukraine in the direction of realization of social goals of society. Th e novelty of the article is the further development of the separation of manifestations of socialization of economic entities, which allowed to assess the level of socialization of the state and business in Ukraine as insuffi cient to realize their potential in achieving social goals of society. Research methods: scientifi c abstraction, analysis, scientifi c generalization, dialectical logic, deductive method. According to the authors, the main manifestations of socialization of the state are the development of its social responsibility and socialization of the budget, while the socialization of business is confi rmed by such aspects of economic life as its social responsibility and the emergence of social entrepreneurship. Th e analysis of the mentioned manifestations of socialization of economic entities in Ukraine allowed to state that the level of socialization of the state and business is insignifi cant. Th e latter is due to the fact that: the level of public welfare is low and is confi rmed by Ukraine’s place in international rankings; social expenditures of the state bud get are insuffi cient, the coeffi cient of their socialization is characterized by a declining trend with low living standards; there are no specifi c mechanisms for spreading social responsibility of business, which has almost no interest, no incentives, no experience of successful implementation of winning projects; incentives on the part of the state for the development of social entrepreneurship are insuffi cient and public awareness of its importance in solving socio-economic problems is low.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF POLICY ON THE PANDEMIC ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol IV(1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciprian Apostol ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Real Challenge

The new economy, as defined in the current period of socio-economic development, has as its main feature globalization. Thus, during this period, as a result of the appearance and spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, in addition to the great human tragedies caused by this virus, a series of economic and financial problems arose, which is a real challenge for both international bodies and for national institutions. The objective of the research is to identify the main socio-economic changes that have occurred at the international level, but also nationally, on the occasion of this pandemic and highlighting the impact of measures taken by competent bodies. The research method is non-participatory observation, and the data source is the information published by authorized national and international bodies, but also the literature. The research results aim to highlight the impact of the measures taken so far, worldwide and nationally, on economic and social life. Future research directions include the analysis of the evolution and impact of this pandemic on national and international economic life, as well as the highlighting of measures taken, both locally and internationally, by authorities or other competent bodies, in order to remove the negative consequences generated by this new crisis, to end the pandemic, but also to prevent its recurrence.

scholarly journals Caste and the Indian Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaivan Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Urban Labor Markets ◽  
Caste Groups

Caste plays a role at every stage of an Indian's economic life, in school, university, the labor market, and into old age. The influence of caste extends beyond private economic activity into the public sphere, where caste politics determines access to public resources. The aggregate evidence indicates that there has been convergence in education, occupations, income, and access to public resources across caste groups in the decades after independence. Some of this convergence is likely due to affirmative action, but caste-based networks could also have played an equalizing role by exploiting the opportunities that became available in a globalizing economy. Ethnic networks were once active in many advanced economies but ceased to be salient once markets developed. With economic development, it is possible that caste networks will cease to be salient in India. The affirmative action programs may also be rolled back and (statistical) discrimination in urban labor markets may come to an end if and when there is convergence across caste groups. In the interim period, however, it is important to understand the positive and negative consequences of caste involvement across a variety of spheres in the Indian economy. (JEL G22, J15, J71, O15, O17, Z13)

scholarly journals Political and economic transformation of the PRC in the third quarter of the XX century: from “new democracy” to “cultural revolution”

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
G. U. Khajiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The Third ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Mass Migration

The purpose of this article is to investigate the essence and destructive consequences of political and economic campaigns carried out in the third quarter of the XX century in China. The author makes an attempt to reconstruct the picture of the political, economic and social development of China in the period under study, to substantiate the specifics of the implementation of reforms in Xinjiang, to trace the interrelationships of economic, political and interethnic relations that are developing both in the region itself and between the central government and national autonomy. This study is aimed at identifying the relationship between socio-economic transformations in China and mass migration of the population, primarily of national minorities, to Kazakhstan. Particular attention was paid to the study of the radical transformations carried out in Xinjiang province since 1955 in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), since here the general negative consequences were aggravated by the ethno-political factor, increasing the push-out effect of the migration of the indigenous population of the ethnic minorities region. Based on the studied scientific literature, as well as the application of the method of historical detailing, several stages of China’s modernization were identified, which were uneven and extremely painful. The features of each stage were studied in details, the accumulated facts were ordered, cause-and-effect relationships were established between the political and economic development of China and the mass migration from China to Kazakhstan in the 1950–1970s. The use of a multifactorial integrated approach made it possible to understand the nature of many phenomena in the economic life of the XUAR and their dependence on political events, solving issues of nation-building, interethnic relations.

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