scholarly journals Women Workers of St. Petersburg in the Late 19th — early 20th Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 335-348
Author(s):  
I. A. Tropov ◽  
A. V. Fedkin ◽  
A. A. Konkin
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Complex Sphere ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The First World War

The article is devoted to the analysis of the conditions of labor activity, as well as the peculiarities of family life and everyday life of women employed at the enterprises of the factory industry of St. Petersburg in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. At the present stage of development of Russia, there is still a high proportion of female labor in industry, which determines the relevance of the problem under study in order to take into account the historical experience in regulating the complex sphere of labor relations. The question of the main factors in the formation of the female labor force in St. Petersburg during the post-reform period is raised in the article. The industries in which female labor was most widely represented are identified. Issues related to the peculiarities of the professional activity of female workers (working conditions, level of wages, problems of social protection, etc.) are discussed in detail. The circumstances of private, personal life are analyzed, the influence of material factors in the life of workers on the family life is revealed. It is concluded that the contradictions between the new status of a woman, who is able to independently determine her own fate, and the preservation of her unequal position in society, led to the wide participation of women workers in the political life of St. Petersburg during the First World War and the 1917 revolution.

The right of persons with family responsibilities to social protection: world experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Maria Sokhan
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Right

Problem setting. In modern socio-economic conditions, the problem of social protection of persons with family responsibilities becomes especially relevant. In the process of life of families with minor children, there are a large number of social risks, including disability, illness, poverty, child support alone, etc., which requires the state to develop and adopt qualitatively new social programs aimed at protection of the given subject of the right of social security from adverse consequences of such risks. Analysis of recent researches and publications. In social security law, issues related to the right of persons with family responsibilities to social protection have not gone unnoticed by researchers and are among a number of important theoretical developments in this area. In particular, attention was paid to this issue M. I. Polupanov, V. S. Shaikhatdinov, O. G. Azarova, E. I. Astrakhan, T. I. Ivankina, V. D. Novikov, I. A. Vetukhova, L. B. Kulachok, O. M. Yaroshenko and other lawyers. Target of research – is to analyze the world experience on the right of persons with family responsibilities to social protection and the possibility of its application in Ukraine. Article’s main body. There is still no single international act that establishes standards for the social protection of persons with family responsibilities. In this regard, we can say that the general principles and characteristics relating to social protection of this category of persons, and adopted in order to achieve the optimal level of order in this area of public relations, are governed by a number of international legal acts enshrining fundamental rights persons in the field of social protection and determine the standards of their implementation, the basics of social protection of motherhood as a state that gives the right to care and assistance from the state and society, as well as the principles of social protection of the family to which necessary protection and assistance so that it can fully commit itself to educating the younger generation. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Summing up the above, it was concluded that the study of international documents allowed to determine the degree of their impact on national legislation and sources of social security law. For Ukraine, bringing national legislation in the field of social protection of persons with family responsibilities in line with international standards in this area is an important and necessary step. Therefore, at the current stage of development for Ukraine, the priority is to create a regulatory framework to protect the rights and freedoms of persons with family responsibilities, which would fully meet international standards and ensure the implementation of these rights and provide a mechanism to protect them in case of violation. As for compliance with international standards today, we can note the following: a) in order to create conditions for regulatory and legal support of state policy regarding persons with family responsibilities in Ukraine adopted a number of regulations; b) to promote the gender interests of working men and women, the current legislation of Ukraine has been streamlined in accordance with the main provisions of the ILO Convention 156 on Equal Treatment and Equal Opportunities for Men and Women Workers: Workers with Family Responsibilities

scholarly journals Occupational Hazards of Cashew Workers in Kerala

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Complex Health Problems ◽  
Financial Dependency

India is the major exporter of processed cashews, to put it more precisely it is about 65percent of global cashew exports. Cashew is an export-oriented commodity, earning considerable foreign exchange for the country. Much of the processed cashew export from India happens from Kollam, the world’s cashew processing capital. Cashew processing companies employ more women than men and are a labour intensive industry. Women workers constitute a major segment in cashew processing industry and roughly more than 90 per cent of the workers in cashew processing units are women. Participation of women in economic activities has reduced their financial dependency on their family but, at the same time it has given rise to several complex health problems for them. Various macro and micro economic factors such as imposing of high import duty of 9.36 per cent on raw cashews by the Union government and frequent layoffs because of lack of raw materials have resulted in the loss of job by several thousand of skilled labourers. This is creating unnecessary mental stress also for the workers. The working environment of cashew workers has been the object of scholarly and policy concerns for long. However, many of the insecurities hitches the lives of cashew workers starting from health hazards to lack of effective social protection seem to have persisted till dateIn this context, this study aims to reveal the occupational health hazards of cashew workers in Kollam district of Kerala

Udział kobiet w działalności prawotwórczej Senatu II Rzeczypospolitej

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Fiktus
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Groups

At the end of World War I, in many European countries women won the active and passive right to vote. Poland was one of the first countries, where women were allowed to participate in political life. Already at the time of establishing the Legislative Sejm (1919) the first women-MPs took their seats in Parliament. Similarly, the situation presented itself in the case of the Senate. During its first session (1922) women participated in the works of the upper chamber. The purpose of this paper is to present the participation of women in the legislative work of the Senate in various terms of office. The participation of women in the legislative work of Parliament was characterized by their involvement in issues concerning education or social services, while avoiding participation in the legislative work or that dealing with political matters. The situation presented itself differently as regards women’s involvement in the work of the Senate. A good example here was the activity of Dorota Kałuszyńska, who – during the work on the so called April Constitution of 1935 – not only participated in it very actively, but also ruthlessly attacked the then ruling camp. Another very interesting episode related to activities of women in the Senate was an informal covenant during the work on the bill to limit the sale, administration and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Belonging to different political groups: the said D. Kłuszyńska as a representative of the Polish Socialist Party, Helena Kisielewska from the Bloc of National Minorities and Hanna Hubicka of BBWR [the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government] unanimously criticized the regulations in force, which – in their opinion – did not fulfill their role when it came to anti-alcohol protection. The participation of women as far as their number was concerned was indeed small, but the Senate (like Parliament) of the Second Republic functioned in the period when women had just begun their activity on the legislative forum. Undoubtedly, it was a very interesting period, in which women had the benefit in the form of gaining their parliamentary experience. For example, it gave rise to subsequent activities of Dorota Kłuszyńska, who actively participated in the legislative works of the Sejm in the years 1947–1952, dealing with social issues or family.

scholarly journals Rural Development from a Gender Perspective: The Case of Women Farmers in Southern Spain

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Jaime De Pablo Valenciano ◽  
Juan Milán-García ◽  
Juan Uribe-Toril ◽  
María Angustias Guerrero-Villalba
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Using Data

This article analyses the contribution to local development by women workers in the fruit- and vegetable-handling sector in Almería (Spain) over the last five years (2015–2019). It is a continuation of research carried out during the period 2000–2014. Using data collected through surveys and focus groups, the aim is to ascertain if the results obtained in this analysis meet the condition of sustainability, i.e., whether the improvement in working women’s quality of life has been maintained over time, and whether these beneficial effects have multiplied. The results show that women workers in the fruit- and vegetable-handling sector are satisfied with their jobs and with the company they are working for. The existence of fixed-discontinuous employment contracts facilitates greater flexibility for women in terms of balancing work and family life. This main contribution of this study lies in extrapolating the sustainability of a local development model in regard to other initiatives that aim to increase women’s empowerment in the labour market.

G.A. Landau on the Twilights of Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Kirill A. Solovyov
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Direct Predecessor ◽  
The Masses ◽  
First World ◽  
European Civilization ◽  
Legal Processes

In the center of the article author’s attention is the book “Twilight of Europe” by G. A. Landau, which is sometimes regarded as direct predecessor of O. Spengler’s works. The article is devoted to G. A. Landau’s views on the nature of political, social, and legal processes in Europe after the First World War. The special attention is paid to the circumstances that Landau believed to be the signs of European civilization ill-being: the collapse of empires, nationalism, and the inclusion of the masses in the political life. Accordingly, the emphasis is placed on Landau’s evaluation of such concepts as “militarism”, “empire”, “nation”, etc.

scholarly journals Igualdad y conciliación de la vida familiar y la actividad profesional de los trabajadores y trabajadoras autónomas: avances normativos y cuestiones pendientes

2018 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Francisca María Ferrando García
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Social Security Contribution ◽  
Female Self ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Legislative Reforms ◽  
The Right

<p><strong>Resumen</strong> El presente trabajo versa sobre las últimas medidas legislativas introducidas a fin de garantizar los derechos a la maternidad y a la conciliación de la vida familiar y la actividad profesional de las trabajadoras autónomas, desde las perspectivas del principio de igualdad y de la promoción del autoempleo femenino. A tal fin, se estudian las escasas referencias a la conciliación en materia de jornada contenidas en la LETA. Especial atención merecen las bonificaciones en la cotización relacionadas con el ejercicio de sus derechos en materia de maternidad y conciliación, reguladas en los arts. 30, 38 y 38 <em>bis</em> LETA. Asimismo, se trata sobre la posibilidad de contratación de personas asalariadas por los TRADE, introducida en el art. 11.2.a) ET. Finalmente, se analizan las garantías previstas en el art. 15 LETA frente a la facultad de la empresa cliente de resolver el contrato con el TRADE, aspecto este último en el que se observa un claro paralelismo con el régimen aplicable al trabajo por cuenta ajena, a la vez que ciertas carencias que pueden ser consideradas contrarias a la Constitución Española. Todo ello, a la luz de las novedades introducidas por la Ley 6/2017, de Reformas Urgentes del Trabajo Autónomo.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong> This paper studies the various mechanisms that the last legislative reforms have introduced in order to guarantee the right to motherhood and the reconciliation of family life and professional activity of self-employed women, both from the point of view of the principle of equality and from the perspective of the promotion of entrepreneurship and female self-employment. To this end, the paper reviews the few references to the conciliation in terms of working hours found in the LETA. Special attention deserve the Social Security contribution bonuses applicable to the hiring of employed persons by self-employed women to enable them to exercise their maternity and reconciliation rights, according to arts. 30, 38 and 38 <em>bis</em> LETA. Likewise, it deals with the possibility of hiring salaried persons by economically dependent workers, provided by. 11.2.a) ET. Finally, the guarantees introduced in art. 15 LETA as to the faculty of the client to resolve the contract with economically dependent workers, are analyzed, concluding the existence of a clear parallelism with the regime applicable to employment contract, while certain shortcomings that could be considered contrary to the Spanish Constitution. All this, in light of the reforms introduced by Act 6/2017, on Urgent Reforms of Autonomous Work.</p><p><strong>Key words </strong>Self-employed women motherhood, reconciliation of family life and the professional activity, Social Security contribution bonuses, female entrepreneurship, economically dependent workers<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS FOR FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN PHYSICAL THERAPY, ERGOTHERAPY

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Yuliia KOPOCHYNSKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

ntroduction. In the process of professional training, there are qualitative changes in the professional development of the individual, because it is during this period that the basic identification characteristics that determine her propensity for the future profession are formed. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to determine the conceptual foundations of pro-fessional training of future specialists in physical therapy, ergotherapy. Methods. Analysis of scientific methodological literature. Results. In the course of the research the three main stages of forming the professional identity of specialists in physical therapy, ergotherapy are distinguished and characterized. Important in shaping the professional identity of future speci-?lists in physical therapy, ergotherapy is involved in specialized trainings, during which the future specialist compares professional value orientations with their own capabilities, realities of professional activity and interpersonal relationships. Due to the factors of cooperation, dialogue, activity–creative approach, individuality and freedom of de-velopment, choice of content and forms of training, approaches have some common features: psychological basis of educational activity of future specialists; focus on the formation of professional qualities; combination, integrated use of components, principles, criteria, learning tools, methods and different technologies. Originality. The basic provisions of the conception of formation of professional identity of future specialists in physical therapy, ergotherapy in higher education institutions are developed. Conclusion. On the basis of the conducted research it is established that at the present stage of development of psychological and pedagogical science methodological and textological material is accumulated, contains various complementary theoretical and practical approaches to the study of professional identity, but differentiates the object of study various aspects of scientific phenomenon and "identity". The organization of vocational training, taking into account the provisions developed, will contribute to the formation of professional identity of future physical therapists and ergotherapists.

scholarly journals Public Welfare as One of the Directions of Activity of Zemstvos in Yekaterinoslav Region in 1914–1918

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Anna Manko
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
World War ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

The purpose of the study is to analyze the contribution of zemstvos in Yekaterinoslav province during the World War First to the development of the system of public welfare in the province.Methods of research – historiographical analysis and synthesis, comparative and descriptive methods of cognition.The system of public welfare began to be formed after the Zemstvoʼs reform in 1864. Gradually, the main directions of rural care were distinguished: care for servicemen who devoted a significant part of their lives to the army or had special merits; care for persons deprived of livelihood (orphans, incurable ill); care for persons suffering from mental disorders. Zemstvos at their own expense kept orphanages, mansions, homes for the incurably ill, educational-handicrafts homes-invalids. nurseries and temporary shelters for children whose parents were busy with agricultural work. The undeniable merit of Zemstvos was that social protection began to be regarded as one of the most important social affairs, which was extremely relevant in the context of the growing number of people in need of protection, especially during the First World War. However, despite some progress in the organization of social protection, the size of the zemstvos in the field of care with low-income sections of society were insufficient.The results obtained during the study can be used during the teaching of the course "History of Ukraine", studies of local lore.The scientific novelty of the study is to analyze statistical data on the work of zemstvos Yekaterinoslav province in the field of public welfare.The article is of an exploratory nature.

British Air Force slang. Influence of the First World War

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Peter J. Mitchell ◽  
Andrey A. Andrakhanov ◽  
Egor V. Trusov
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
First World War ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
World War ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
World War One ◽  
Linguistic Support ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

World War One had an impact not only the development of international relations throughout the 20th century, but also led to the creation of air forces of different countries. More than 30 countries participated in the First World War. The British Empire, which fought on the side of the Entente, was one of them. During the First World War, the importance of the Air Force increased. It played a decisive role in gaining dominance amidst the aerospace. Aviation, which tasks included aerial reconnaissance and bomb attacks, evolved significantly. A huge number of new experimental military equipment have appeared. All of this produced a huge number of military slang terms. In this study, we will examine the slang terms that appeared in the slang of the British Air Force during the First World War, classify them and make a conclusion about the influence of the First World War on the development of military slang terms. During the training of specialists in the linguistic support of military activity, the topic of military slang remains understudied, which is why interpreters have difficulties in translating slang units. Therefore, the studying of this phenomenon can improve the skills of military interpreters and allow them to avoid major mistakes in their professional activity.

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