scholarly journals Linguistic Philosophy in the Context of the Anthropological Turn of Culture

wisdom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Viktoriia SLABOUZ ◽  
Yuliia BUTKO ◽  
Leonid MOZHOVYI ◽  
Nataliia NIKITINA ◽  
Nataliia MATORYNA
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Ordinary Language Philosophy ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
European Thought ◽  
Linguistic Philosophy

The article considers the role of the ideas of linguistic philosophy in the context of the anthropological turn of culture that happened in the middle of the 20th century. Culture has constantly been developing on the horizon of man, and all its initiations have always met at the point of “life of man”, which is impossible without language as an essential anthropological attribute of man. The purports of linguistic philosophy (ordinary language philosophy) are relevant as never before. The study presented is based on the phenomenology of Nietzsche’s ideas of returning a new European thought to the origins of modern culture –the idea of a sovereign individual, which is determined by power over himself and his destiny, the ideas of the representatives and founders of linguistic philosophy, the slogan by I. Kant “Sapere aude!” (“Dare to think for yourself!”), on the historical excursus concerning the origin of the term “anthropological turn”. The anthropological turn in the culture of the 20th century together with the purports of linguistic philosophy brought back and developed further the main idea of new European culture – the idea of the self-worth of life, individuality, and freedom. These events gave a new value meaning to this idea.

INFLUENCE OF LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHY ON ANALYTICAL JURISPRUDENCE THROUGH THE PERSPECTIVE OF H. L. A. HART

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 315-330
Author(s):  
Luana Sion Li
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Ordinary Language Philosophy ◽  
Language Philosophy ◽  
Legal Philosopher ◽  
Linguistic Philosophy ◽  
The Way

This article discusses the influence of emerging linguistic philosophy theories in the 20th century on the development of analytical jurisprudence through an examination of the way those theories influenced the legal philosopher H. L. A. Hart. Although Hart is significantly influenced by linguistic philosophy, his legal theory could not have been developed solely with it. This is evidenced by Hart’s disownment of the essay Ascription of Responsibility and Rights, his attempt to employ ideas from ordinary language philosophy in the context of law. Hart’s theoretical development shows that he was above all not a linguistic, but a legal philosopher; and that analytical jurisprudence, albeit influenced by linguistic philosophy, depends on aspects beyond it.

High Anxiety, Becalmed Language

2019 ◽  
pp. 247-270
Author(s):  
Ken Hirschkop
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Ordinary Language Philosophy ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Language Philosophy ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Linguistic Philosophy

Chapter 8 looks at ‘linguistic philosophy’ in middle and late Wittgenstein and in J. L. Austin. In ordinary language philosophy, myth emerged not from charismatic demagogues but from the fervid minds of scientistic intellectuals. Wittgenstein and Austin share the conviction that ‘language as such’ is the antidote to the metaphysical entanglements that arise from this scientism. But this ordinary version of ‘language as such’ is not simply present to the naked eye and ear, but is only available as the end result of strategies of philosophical clarification, which make language a manifestation of life. The chapter therefore focuses on Wittgenstein’s idea of the perspicuous representation and Austin’s techniques of drawing out distinctions. It turns out that clarification is an ambiguous exercise: Wittgenstein’s belief that ‘language always works’ runs aground when he compares language to music, which, it turns out, doesn’t work, at least not in the twentieth century.

Ordinary Language Philosophy in Aarhus

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-83
Author(s):  
Martin Ejsing Christensen ◽  
Thomas Bohl
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Ordinary Language Philosophy ◽  
World War ◽  
Language Philosophy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper examines the way in which Ordinary Language Philosophy came to exert an important influence on the work done at Aarhus University’s department of philosophy in the latter half of the 20th century. The first section depicts the rise of Ordinary Language Philosophy as an international movement centered around Oxford in the wake of World War ii. The second section goes on to describe how it was brought to Aarhus by Professor Justus Hartnack, who had been deeply influenced by the movement during stays abroad in the UK and the US. The following three sections move on to describe some of the important ways in which Ordinary Language Philosophy has influenced the work of three of Hartnack’s most prominent students (Hans Fink, Uffe Juul Jensen and Jørgen Husted), who have influenced the life of the department in crucial ways from the 1970s until recently. Finally, the paper ends by briefly assessing the legacy and contemporary influence of Ordinary Language Philosophy in Aarhus.

scholarly journals The image of Ismail Gasprinsky in everyday perception of Volga Tatars (late 19th – early 20th century)

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Liliya R. Gabdrafikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Crimean Tatar ◽  
Media Channel

This article examines the role of the newspaper “Terdzhiman” and of its publisher Ismail Gasprinskiy in everyday life of the Volga Tatars.The Crimean Tatar educator was famous like a popularizer of the new teaching method, he created a unique media channel and he has made the Ottoman variation of European culture popular among the Tatars, he propounded the modernization of different aspects of everyday life. The Muslim identity of Ismail Gasprinsky, his personal achievements and European image reinforced the influence of the ideas he promoted. He was an idol for Tatar youth. Therefore, the publisher of the newspaper “Terdzhiman” has become a symbol of the national progress. At the beginning of the 20th century Tatar businessmen and intellectuals began to use the image of Gasprinsky in promotional products, in the education and trade. However different generations of Tatar intellectuals evaluated personality of Gasprinsky in their own way: in addition to the approval of his educational work, some criticism of his ideas and motives coexisted. This confrontation intensifies after 1905, when other Tatar newspapers and magazines appeared. But the figure of Gasprinsky was legendary, and even after death he remained the main symbol of Tatar education.

The Ordinary Language Case for Contextualism and the Relevance of Radical Doubt

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-94
Author(s):  
Michael P. Wolf ◽  
Jeremy Randel Koons
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Ordinary Language Philosophy ◽  
Language Philosophy ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Standards

Many contextualist accounts in epistemology appeal to ordinary language and everyday practice as grounds for positing a low-standards knowledge (knowledgeL) that contrasts with high-standards prevalent in epistemology (knowledgeH). We compare these arguments to arguments from the height of “ordinary language” philosophy in the mid 20th century and find that all such arguments face great difficulties. We find a powerful argument for the legitimacy and necessity of knowledgeL (but not of knowledgeH). These appeals to practice leave us with reasons to accept knowledgeL in the face of radical doubts raised by skeptics. We conclude by arguing that by relegating knowledgeH to isolated contexts, the contextualist fails to deal with the skeptical challenge head-on. KnowledgeH and knowledgeL represent competing, incompatible intuitions about knowledge, and we must choose between them. A fallibilist conception of knowledge, formed with proper attention to radical doubts, can address the skeptical challenge without illicit appeal to everyday usage.

scholarly journals Role of memory in forming national identity. “The land of bitter tenderness” by Volodymyr Lys

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Альберт Новацький
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
National Memory ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All

Role of memory in forming national identity. “The land of bitter tenderness” by Volodymyr Lys The paper offers an attempt to look at the “The Land of Bitter Tenderness” by contemporary Ukrainian writer Volodymyr Lys in the context of the search for individual and national identity, national memory, as well as the history of the 20th century Ukraine. In the analyzed work, the writer uses the image of a child, which, in the researcher’s opinion, is a quite rare phenomenon in Ukrainian literature. The is technique was used by the writer in order to capture the reader’s attention and make him penetrate the text of the novel deeper. The us, the author informs the reader that the main idea of the work is extremely important because the average person is accustomed to paying more attention to children. On occasion, the writer points out that manipulating a child’s memory was the easiest way for the Bolsheviks in their criminal social experiment. The writer emphasizes that the effects of ‘brainwashing’ may be prevented, but it is impossible to cure the trauma left by this process in the soul of a person. Analyzing the mentioned novel, the author of the paper refers to the works in the fields of literary studies, pedagogy, sociology, and psychology, written by Philip Aries, Rudolf Schaffer, Ellen Kay, Pierre Nora, Katarzyna Segiet, and others.  The Ukrainian writer, describing the fate of three women (grandmother, daughter, and granddaughter), presented against the backdrop of the tumultuous Ukrainian history of the last century, is trying to restore the lost memory, both individual and collective, in order to secure the process of building Ukrainian national identity. The writer draws attention to the fact that during almost all the 20th century not only the Ukrainian nation but also Ukrainian history has been the subject of constant Bolshevik manipulation and fraud. He emphasizes that the prerequisite for building a unified Ukrainian identity is the attempt to restore individual and collective memory in Ukrainians, including the memory of history.

scholarly journals Ian Dearden. Do Philosophers Talk Nonsense?

1970 ◽  
Vol 18/2 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
Carl Humphries
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Ordinary Language Philosophy ◽  
Critical Inquiry ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Language Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Position ◽  
Philosophical Writings

In his newly reissued and revised book, the philosopher Ian Dearden at- tempts a critical inquiry into a philosophical position he calls “nonsensi- calism,” which he takes to correspond to the view “that it is possible to be mistaken in thinking one means anything by what one says” (9).1 He holds that an unexamined assumption to this effect is implicit in a large swathe of philosophical work dating from a period stretching throughout most of the 20th century (and to some degree extending to the present day), thanks to the widespread tendency of philosophers to accuse each other of talk- ing nonsense. This is, according to the author of the book, most visible in the earlier and later philosophical writings of Wittgenstein, in logical pos- itivism, and in representatives of the Oxford-based “ordinary language” philosophy movement, as well as in the writings of many of those subse- quently writing under the influence of these. Dearden coins a special term to refer to the sort of error that philosophers are accusing each other of having committed: he calls such cases of error “illusions of meaning.”

scholarly journals Rifkin’s misreadings of the zero-marginal cost of production of information technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rouchy
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
Ordinary Language Philosophy ◽  
Language Philosophy ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Definition Of

In this paper, I address contemporary attacks on rationalism thanks to Rifkin’s concepts of “extreme productivity” and “zero marginal cost of production” as examples of an ideological twist on genuine economic expressions. The main issue dealt with epistemological issues in the context of the contemporary communication age. It consists to clarify the relation between economic ideas and their relation to reality. To proceed accordingly, I implement a hermeneutic method applied to Rifkin’s discourse. That method is grounded in the scholarly tradition of “the ordinary language philosophy”. Its results proceed to show 2 distinct language games at work: 1- the neoclassical definition of marginal cost and its own logic is distinct from Rifkin’s use of it. 2- Rifkin uses the expression “marginal cost” under the auspices of an ideological discourse on the demise of capitalism. 3- The confusion is based on a systematically deceptive use of scholarly referencing. I conclude by drawing some lessons for the role of a multidisciplinary defense of economic rationality in contemporary discourse.

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophical Methodology

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Philosophy Of Mathematics ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
Philosophy Of Art ◽  
Ordinary Language Philosophy ◽  
Language Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of Race ◽  
Literature And Film

This book examines the nature of philosophical methodology, defined as the study of philosophical method: how to do philosophy well. It considers a number of hypotheses that explain the nature of philosophical methodology, including eliminativism, epistemologism, theory selectionism, necessary preconditionalism, and hierarchicalism. It also tackles a range of topics such as ‘ordinary language philosophy’, the role of logic in philosophical methodology, phenomenology, philosophical heuristics, and methods in the philosophy of literature and film. Other chapters discuss the method of reflective equilibrium, the notions of conceivability and possibility, naturalistic approaches to philosophical methodology, the methodology of legal philosophy, aesthetics and the philosophy of art as branches of analytic philosophy, issues and methods in the philosophy of mathematics, how and whether faith conflicts with reason, and critical philosophy of race.

scholarly journals PHILOSOPHICAL AND RELIGIOUS VIEWS OF FLORENSKY AND THE IDEA OF ACTUAL INFINITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
Dmitry N. Radul ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Actual Infinity ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Potential Infinity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

The article briefly observes the history of the idea of the actual infinity in European culture until the beginning of the 20th century. Special attention is paid to the role of Cantor set theory in reviving interest in the idea of actual infinity in Western Europe and Russia. The influence of the Cantor’s philosophy of religion on the Western European theology of the late 19th century - early 20th century is given. The influence of Cantor’s ideas on the formation of Florensky’s views is described. A detailed analysis of the application of the idea of actual infinity in the book “The Pillar and the Statement of Truth” is given. Florensky describes the understanding of the connection of Kant’s antinomical of reason and the idea of a potential infinity. The potential infinity is considered by Florensky as a source of imperfection and sinfulness. Special attention is paid to the understanding of truth as actual infinity. The introduction of the actual infinity allows Florensky to remove the one-sidedness of the law of identity and the law of sufficient basis in the Supreme unity...

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