scholarly journals Force in Nature, Freedom in History. Hegel and the neo-spinozistic project of a Natural Human History

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmundo Balsemao Pires
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human History ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Resumen: En esta contribución se explican las conexiones entre las líneas alemanas de la recepción de la Ethica y del Tractatus Teológico-Políticus y la formación de las Filosofías de la Historia de Herder, Schelling y Hegel. En este estudio, se indica a la Filosofía de la Unidad como una corriente principal, pero se articulan las líneas de la recepción de la Ethica con las dificultades procedentes de las explicaciones en el Tractatus de Spinoza para la multiplicidad de las tradiciones religiosas, como formas históricas divergentes de percibir el Uno. Las  de Hegel sobre Filosofía de la Religión fueran examinadas desde la perspectiva de su significado metódico general y también desde el punto de vista descriptivo. Aquí se encuentran las claves fundamentales para la comprensión de la perspectiva del filósofo con respecto al valor de Spinoza para el método especulativo y en la caracterización de las épocas en la Historia de las Religiones Bíblicas. La crítica de Hegel a la Filosofía de la Unidad personificada en la apropiación en Schelling del conatus de Spinoza fue retratada con el intento de localizar el núcleo de la idea de una homogénea Historia Natural y Humana. El texto aboga que en la crítica por Hegel del Espinosismo de Schelling se admitirán las líneas alemanas de recepción de Spinoza como las responsables de un concepto vago de lo Absoluto. Tal indeterminación explica la ausencia de claridad sobre la diferencia entre la Naturaleza y el Espíritu (Historia), en particular en el Absoluto de Schelling, y exige una configuración distinta de las «Filosofías Reales» en el sistema filosófico.   Palabras Clave: Filosofía de la Historia - Filosofía de la Naturaleza - Filosofía de la Religión - Conatus - Ímpetu - Diversidad Religiosa - Naturaleza - Espíritu - Spinoza; -Herder - Schelling - Hegel.Abstract: This contribution explains the connections between the German lines of the reception of the Ethica and the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus and the formation of Herder’s, Schelling’s and Hegel’s Philosophies of History. It refers to the Philosophy of Unity as a main current but articulates the lines of the reception of the Ethica with the difficulties raised by Spinoza’s explanations for the multiplicity of the religious traditions, as divergent historical ways to the One, in the Tractatus. Hegel’s Lectures on Philosophy of Religion were scrutinized from the angle of their general methodical significance and also from the descriptive point of view. Here, one finds critical keys for the understanding of the philosopher’s perspective regarding Spinoza’s meaning to the speculative method and for the characterisation of the epochs in the History of the Biblical Religions. Hegel’s critique of the Philosophy of Unity personified in Schelling’s appropriation of Spinoza’s conatus was envisaged in order to locate the pivotal point of the idea of an unbroken Natural and Human History. The paper argues that in Hegel’s critique of Schelling’s Spinozism the German lines of Spinoza’s reception were taken as responsible for a vague concept of the Absolute. Such vagueness explains the absence of clarity about the difference between Nature and Spirit (History), particularly in Schelling’s Absolute, and demands a different configuration of the «Real Philosophies» in the philosophical system.Key words: Philosophy of History - Philosophy of Nature - Philosophy of Religion - Conatus - Force - Religious Diversity - Nature - Spirit - Spinoza; Herder - Schelling - Hegel. 

Defending the Difference

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Natural Entities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Dreyfus argues that there is a basic methodological difference between the natural sciences and the social sciences, a difference that derives from the different goals and practices of each. He goes on to argue that being a realist about natural entities is compatible with pluralism or, as he calls it, “plural realism.” If intelligibility is always grounded in our practices, Dreyfus points out, then there is no point of view from which one can ask about or provide an answer to the one true nature of ultimate reality. But that is consistent with believing that the natural sciences can still reveal the way the world is independent of our theories and practices.

La citoyenneté et la construction de l'Europe : discussions théoriques

Res Publica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 361-380
Author(s):  
Paul Magnette
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
European Citizenship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

This paper examines the evolving ideological content of the concept of citizenship and particularly the challenges it faces as a consequence of the building of the European Union. From an epistemological point of view it is first argued that citizenship may be described as a dual concept: it is both a legal institution composed of the rights of the citizen as they are fixed at a certain moment of its history, and a normative ideal which embodies their political aspirations. As a result of this dual nature, citizenship is an essentially dynamicnotion, which is permanently evolving between a state of balance and change.  The history of this concept in contemporary political thought shows that, from the end of the second World War it had raised a synthesis of democratic, liberal and socialist values on the one hand, and that it was historically and logically bound to the Nation-State on the other hand. This double synthesis now seems to be contested, as the themes of the "crisis of the Nation State" and"crisis of the Welfare state" do indicate. The last part of this paper grapples with recent theoretical proposals of new forms of european citizenship, and argues that the concept of citizenship could be renovated and take its challenges into consideration by insisting on the duties and the procedures it contains.

scholarly journals VII.—On the Geological History of the Cornish Serpentinous Rocks

1886 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 359-367
Author(s):  
J. H. Collins
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Open Cavity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Geological History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Great Mass

My argument that at Porthalla there is a “passage” from hornblende-schist to serpentine; or rather that some beds of a common series have been changed into serpentine, others into hornblende-schist, and others again into a substance of intermediate character, is, I think, much strengthened by the fact that many such “apparent passages” are admitted to exist by all those who have examined the Lizard Coast with any degree of detail. De la Beche's description of that seen near the Lizard Town is as follows, and it would apply equally well to the others. “The hornblende slate,” he says, “supports the great mass of the Lizard serpentine with an apparent passage of the one into the other in many places—an apparent passage somewhat embarrassing,” that is, from his point of view; from mine it is perfectly natural. He goes on to say: “Whatever the cause of this apparent passage may have been, it is very readily seen at Mullion Cove, at Pradanack Point, at the coast west of Lizard Town, and at several places on the east coast between Landewednack and Kennick Cove, more especially under the Balk … and at the remarkable cavern and open cavity named the Frying-Pan, near Cadgwith.” At Kynance some of the laminse of serpentine are not more than one-tenth of an inch in thickness for considerable distances.

scholarly journals GEOTECNOLOGIAS COMO SUPORTE PARA ANÁLISE DA VEGETAÇÃO NATURAL NA SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO GAVIÃO (1988 A 2015)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
Carlos Magno Santos Clemente ◽  
Pablo Santana Santos
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Canal ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Semi Arid

O histórico de ocupação da sub-bacia do rio Gavião passou por transformações socioeconômicas expressivas nos últimos 30 anos. Desse modo,preocupações com preservação ou recuperação da cobertura vegetal influência, positivamente, na manutenção do ciclo hidrológico da sub-bacia. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a modificação da vegetal natural entre os anos de 1988a 2015 na sub-bacia hidrográfico do rio Gavião (semiárido brasileiro). Foram utilizados as técnicas sensoriamento remoto e Processamento Digital de Imagens - PDI para aquisição e processamento dos produtos orbitais (satélites landsat5 TM e landsat 8 OLI). E o Sistema de Informações Geográficas – SIG para armazenamento e análise do banco de dados alfanumérico georreferenciado. Os resultados indicam redução da cobertura vegetal de 751,69 km², entre os anos de 1988 a 2015. Também, manchas de desmatamento em áreas de nascentes, na parte alta da rede de drenagem e no dessegue do canal principal. Assim, a presente pesquisa chama atenção para os efeitos da mudança da vegetação natural para outros usos da terra (solo exposto, plantio, entre outros), a concentração do desmatamento em áreas de fragilidade ambiental. Palavras-chave: Landsat; Desmatamento; Semiárido brasileiro.   GEOTECHNOLOGIES AS SUPPORT FOR ANALYSIS OF NATURAL VEGETATION IN THE HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN OF HAWK RIVER (1988 A 2015) Abstract  The occupation history of the Hawk River sub-basin underwent significant socioeconomic transformations in the last 30 years. Thus, concerns for preservation or recovery of vegetation cover positively influence the maintenance of the sub-basin's hydrological cycle. The present research had as objective to analyze the modification of the natural vegetal between the years of 1988 to 2015 in the hydrographic sub-basin of the river Gavião (semi-arid Brazilian).The techniques of remote sensing and Digital Image Processing (PDI) were used for the acquisition and processing of orbital products (landsat 5 TM and landsat 8 OLI satellites). The Geographic Information System - GIS for storage and analysis of the georeferenced alphanumeric database. The results indicate a reduction of the vegetal cover of 751,69 km ², between the years of 1988 to 2015. In addition, deforestation patches in areas of springs, in the upper part of the drainage network and in the main canal deregulation. Thus, the present research draws attention to the effects of changing natural vegetation to other land uses (exposed soil, planting, among others), the concentration of deforestation in areas of environmental fragility.  Keywords: Landsat; deforestation; Brazilian semi-arid.   GEOTECNOLOGÍA COMO SOPORTE PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE VEGETACIÓN NATURAL DE LA SUBCUENCA DEL RÍO GAVILÁN (1988 A 2015) Resumen La historia de laocupación de lasub-cuencadelrío Gavião fue sometido a importantes cambios socioeconómicos enlos últimos 30 años. De este modo, preocupación por lapreservación o restauración de lacubierta vegetal influencia positiva enelmantenimientodel ciclo hidrológico de lasubcuenca. Esta investigacióntuvo como objetivo analizarlamodificación de lavegetación natural entre losaños 1988-2015 enlasubcuenca hidrográfica delrío Gavião (semiárido brasileño). Como apoyo técnico, lateledetección y la técnica de imagen digital se utiliza Procesamiento - PDI para laadquisición y procesamiento de productosorbitales (satélites Landsat 5 y Landsat TM 8 OLI). Y el Sistema de Información Geográfica - SIG para elalmacenamiento y análisis de la base de datos alfanuméricos georeferenciada. Los resultados indicanlareducción de lacubierta vegetal de 751.69 km², entre losaños 1988-2015. Tambiénlas manchas de deforestaciónenlascabecerasenla parte superior del sistema de drenaje y dessegue el canal principal. Así, estainvestigaciónllamalaatención sobre losefectosdelcambio de lavegetación natural a otros usos de latierra (sueloexpuesto, ,plantación, etc.), laconcentración de ladeforestaciónen áreas ambientalmente frágiles. Palabras clave: Landsat; deforestación; semiárido brasileño.

scholarly journals Гермотим из Клазомен и начало афинской философии

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
О.А. Матвейчев
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Classical Greek Philosophy ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Greek World

Гермотим из Клазомен – фигура в истории греческой философии, можно сказать, маргинальная. В современной литературе он появляется разве что в ряду других колдунов и мистиков VII–VI вв. до н.э. В таком статусе он включается и в собрание Дильса. Анализируя сведения о Гермотиме, автор ставит перед собой цель найти ему место среди малоазийских философов первой величины, которых считают основателями греческой философии. Различение духа (души) и материи (тела) станет основополагающим принципом греческой философии, понятие Ума (нуса) выступит фундаментом для системы Анаксагора, первого афинского философа, с которого, собственно, и начнется история классической греческой философии. Автор разделяет точку зрения Э. Доддса и др., что появление нового для Греции представления о различии души и тела коренится в северной (гиперборейской?) ментальности, привнесенной в греческий мир во времена колонизации VII–VI вв. до н.э., а возможно – и в более ранние. Ключевые слова: история философии, Древняя Греция, Гиперборея, Гермотим из Клазомен, Анаксагор, шаманизм, нус, душа, тело Hermotimus of Clazomenae can be called a marginal figure in the history of Greek philosophy. In modern literature he is mentioned only among other sorcerers and mystics of the VIIth–VIth centuries BC. The collection of Hermann Diels describes him in the same manner. Analyzing available information about Hermotimus, the author makes an attempt to place him among the primary Anatolian philosophers who are considered the founders of Greek philosophy. The distinction between spirit (soul) and matter (body) will become the fundamental principle of Greek philosophy; the concept of Nous (cosmic Mind) will be the foundation for the system of Anaxagoras, the first Athenian philosopher, from which, in fact, the history of classical Greek philosophy begins. The author shares the point of view of E. Dodds and others that the emergence of a new concept about the difference between soul and body in Greece is rooted in the northern (Hyperborean?) mentality introduced into the Greek world during the colonization of the VIIth–VIth centuries BC or possibly in earlier times. Keywords: history of philosophy, Ancient Greece, Hyperborea, Hermotimus of Clazomenae, Anaxagoras, shamanism, nous, soul, body

scholarly journals Von Expeditionsberichten zum Führer — die Anfänge der Ratgeber für Riesengebirgereisende an der Jahrhundertwende des 18. zum 19. Jahrhundert

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 33-53
Author(s):  
Jan Pacholski
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The North ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Border Dispute ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nature Studies ◽  
The One ◽  
Travel Accounts

From travel accounts to guidebooks: The beginnings of guidebooks to the Giant Mountains Karkonosze for travellers in the late 18th and early 19th centuryIn the history of European tourism the Giant Mountains Karkonosze occupy a unique place thanks to the Chapel of St. Lawrence, funded by Count Christoph Leopold Schaffgotsch and located on the summit of Śnieżka. Its construction in the Habsburg dominions in the turbulent period of the Counter-Reformation was meant to finally put an end to the Silesian-Bohemian border dispute and become a visible sign of Catholic rule over the highest mountain range of the two neighbouring countries. The construction of the chapel also marked the beginning of tourism in the highest range of the Sudetes; initially, its nature was religious and focused on pilgrimages to the summit of Śnieżka, featuring, in addition to local inhabitants, also sanatorium visitors to Cieplice Warmbrunn, which was owned by the Schaffgotschs.After the three Silesian Wars, as a result of which the lands to the north of the mountains were separated from the Habsburgs’ Kingdom of Bohemia, the situation in the region changed radically. The Counter-Reformation pressure ceased and the Lutherans began to grow in importance, supported as they were by the decidedly pro-Protestant Prussian state, governed by its tolerant monarch.The period was also marked by an unprecedented growth in the literature on the Giant Mountains — there were poems Tralles, nature studies Volkmar and travel accounts GutsMuths, Troschel and others written about the highest range of the Sudetes. A special role among these writings was played by works aimed at introducing the public from the capital Berlin to the new province of the Kingdom of Prussia, especially to the mountains, so exotic from the point of view of the “groves and sands” of Brandenburg. These publications were written primarily by Lutheran clergymen, which was not without significance to the nature of the works. This was also a time when the first guidebooks to the Giant Mountains were written, with many of their authors also coming from the same milieu.What emerges from this image is a kind of confessionalisation of tourism in the highest mountains of Silesia and Bohemia: on the one hand there are mass Catholic pilgrimages and on the other — a new type of individual tourists who, with a book in hand, traverse mountain paths in a decidedly more independent fashion.

scholarly journals The Perspective of Overcoming Nihilism in Heidegger’s Dialogue with Jünger

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tautvydas Vėželis
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dialectical Thinking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metaphysical Tradition ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
European Civilization

This article examines the problem of overcoming nihilism in Heidegger’s dialogue with Jünger. It is suggested that nihilism is manifested in various forms and is the deep logic of the whole history of European civilization. One of the main aims of this paper is to outline the relationship of nihilism and Nothing in Heidegger’s dispute with Jünger, viewing how Heidegger distinguishes his approach from Jünger’s point of view. Heidegger, on the one hand, treats nihilism as consummation of the Western metaphysical tradition, on the other hand, identifies Nothing itself as the shadow of Being, which cannot be overcome in the traditional dialectical thinking manner.

scholarly journals “Mother of the Faithful” and “Lion of Allah” in the Prophetic Tradition and Early History of the Caliphate or Why the Islamic Jama at Disintegrated?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
F. A. Asadullin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Islamic Schools ◽  
Regional Conflicts ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
Early Islamic

The problem of disintegration of the Islamic Ummah a long time ago became the one of the most important for the Islamic world and worldview. The wave of violence in the Near and Middle East sharpened some regional conflicts, which have already taken place before. The paper deals with the roots of this conflict atmosphere in the Early Islamic period. As the tradition affirms, the Prophet Muhammad predicted the Ummah to split in 73 sects. Today there exist in any case not less than 73 different Islamic schools, movements and organizations, which mutually and constantly contest their doctrinal authenticity. Moreover, the activity of quasi- Islamic extremist organisations like the ISIS, which is forbidden inside as well as outside the Russian Federation, is quite remarkable. All these factors demonstrate, that from the academic point of view it is actual to critically research the nature of fragmentation and disintegration of Islamic communities through the prism of prophetic legends. This paper is to consider as an attempt to resolve this multidimensional problem.

Chaplain and Steward: Francis Blakiston SJ (1617–93) at Linton-on-Ouse

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-433
Author(s):  
John Trappes-Lomax
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Catholic Priests ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Chaplains in penal times were on occasion employed as stewards, though perhaps not as frequently as is sometimes supposed; from the point of view of their employers this is not entirely surprising; on the one hand chaplains might reasonably be expected to be literate, numerate and honest; on the other hand the restrictions under which Catholic priests worked might well leave them a sufficiency of spare time for secular affairs. The interest of the letter which follows lies not in the mere fact of such a stewardship, but in the extraordinarily vivid picture it gives of what it was like for a professed Religious to be involved in running an estate—particularly when his employer was of questionable sanity. Some light is incidentally thrown on the history of Catholicism in Linton-on-Ouse.

scholarly journals Comparison of Defined Course Doses (DCDvet) for Blanket and Selective Antimicrobial Dry Cow Therapy on Conventional and Organic Farms

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clair Firth ◽  
Annemarie Käsbohrer ◽  
Christa Egger-Danner ◽  
Klemens Fuchs ◽  
Beate Pinior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Dry Cow Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Antimicrobial use in livestock production is a controversial subject. While antimicrobials should be used as little as possible, it is still necessary, from both an animal health and welfare point of view, to treat infected animals. The study presented here aimed to analyse antimicrobial use on Austrian dairy farms by calculating the number of Defined Course Doses (DCDvet) administered per cow and year for dry cow therapy. Antimicrobial use was analysed by production system and whether farmers stated that they used blanket dry cow therapy (i.e., all cows in the herd were treated) or selective dry cow therapy (i.e., only cows with a positive bacteriological culture or current/recent history of udder disease were treated). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was determined between antimicrobial use for blanket (median DCDvet/cow/year: 0.88) and selective dry cow therapy (median DCDvet/cow/year: 0.41). The difference between antimicrobial use on conventional and organic farms for dry cow therapy as a whole, however, was not statistically significant (p = 0.22) (median DCDvet/cow/year: 0.68 for conventional; 0.53 for organic farms). This analysis demonstrates that selective dry cow therapy leads to a lower overall use of antimicrobials and can assist in a more prudent use of antimicrobials on dairy farms.

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