Effects of forages, dust exposure and proresolving lipids on airway inflammation in horses

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Carla J. Olave ◽  
Kathleen M. Ivester ◽  
Laurent L. Couëtil ◽  
Jackeline Franco-Marmolejo ◽  
Abhijit Mukhopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Neutrophil Apoptosis ◽  
Breathing Zone ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Similar Reduction

Abstract OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3)–derived proresolving lipid mediators (PRLM) in the resolution of mild airway inflammation in horses. ANIMALS 20 horses with mild airway inflammation. PROCEDURES Horses previously eating hay were fed hay pellets (low Ω-3 content; n = 10) or haylage (high Ω-3 content; 9) for 6 weeks. Dust exposure was measured in the breathing zone with a real-time particulate monitor. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at baseline, week 3, and week 6. The effect of PRLM on neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis was examined in vitro. BAL fluid inflammatory cell proportions, apoptosis of circulating neutrophils, efferocytosis displayed by alveolar macrophages, and plasma lipid concentrations were compared between groups fed low and high amounts of Ω-3 by use of repeated measures of generalized linear models. RESULTS Dust exposure was significantly higher with hay feeding, compared to haylage and pellets, and equivalent between haylage and pellets. BAL fluid neutrophil proportions decreased significantly in horses fed haylage (baseline, 11.8 ± 2.4%; week 6, 2.5 ± 1.1%) but not pellets (baseline, 12.1 ± 2.3%; week 6, 8.5% ± 1.7%). At week 6, horses eating haylage had significantly lower BAL neutrophil proportions than those eating pellets, and a significantly lower concentration of stearic acid than at baseline. PRLM treatments did not affect neutrophil apoptosis or efferocytosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Despite similar reduction in dust exposure, horses fed haylage displayed greater resolution of airway inflammation than those fed pellets. This improvement was not associated with increased plasma Ω-3 concentrations. Feeding haylage improves airway inflammation beyond that due to reduced dust exposure, though the mechanism remains unclear.

scholarly journals 150PREGNANCY AND PARTURITION FOLLOWING TRANSFER OF BOVINE EMBRYOS CULTURED IN TWO MEDIA UNDER TWO OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fischer-Brown ◽  
R. Monson ◽  
D. Northey ◽  
T. Kuhlka ◽  
J. Rutledge
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Oxygen Treatment

Developmental aberrations following transfer of in vitro-produced bovine embryos can result in early gestational losses and offspring abnormalities. An ongoing study tests the hypothesis that such aberrations occur with equal frequency among commonly employed culture systems. In year 1, embryos were produced using oocytes from abattoir-derived ovaries (breed unspecified) and a proven Angus bull selected for low birth weight. IVC treatments were 2×2 factorial for medium (KSOMaa or SOFaa) and oxygen concentration (5% or 20%). Angus recipients (n=61; 32 cows, 29 heifers) were randomly allotted to treatments for Day 7 transfers. Pregnancy was diagnosed with ultrasound several times during gestation (Table 1). At parturition calf weight, shoulder height, chest circumference, crown-rump length, and humeral and femoral length data were collected. Statistical analyses (Statistical Analysis System, Cary, NC) were logistic regression with a binomial distribution for pregnancy rate, and the general linear models procedure for calf measurements; included were fixed effects of medium, oxygen, and their interaction, with additional fixed effects of dam parity and calf sex where appropriate. No significant effects of medium or oxygen were found for pregnancy rate or calf measurements other than birth weight. Mean birth weight was higher in the KSOM, 20% oxygen treatment (Table 1), and medium-oxygen interaction for calf weight was also significant (P<0.01). In year 2 embryos were produced using the same Angus bull and Angus oocytes. Angus recipients (n=38; 32 cows, 6 heifers) were randomly allotted to treatments. Fetal crown-rump lengths were measured by ultrasound weekly from Days 33 to 54 and were analyzed as repeated measures using the mixed procedure. Pregnancy outcome and LS means for crown-rump lengths are included in Table 1. Though insufficient recipient numbers preclude determination of statistical significance, of interest is the relatively small fetal size in early gestation and large birth weights in the KSOM, 20% oxygen treatment. This treatment also contained a Day 33 pregnancy, subsequently lost by Day 40, in which the fetus was too small to obtain an accurate measurement. Fetal growth will continue to be monitored throughout gestation. Data will be collected at parturition as in year 1, and pooled analyses will be done. Table 1

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Differences in Resolution of Airway Inflammation in Fat-1 Transgenic Mice Following Repetitive Agricultural Dust Exposure

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arzu Ulu ◽  
Jalene V. Velazquez ◽  
Abigail Burr ◽  
Stefanie N. Sveiven ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Increased Risk

In agriculture industries, workers are at increased risk for developing pulmonary diseases due to inhalation of agricultural dusts, particularly when working in enclosed confinement facilities. Agricultural dusts inhalation leads to unresolved airway inflammation that precedes the development and progression of lung disease. We have previously shown beneficial effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) DHA in protecting against the negative inflammatory effects of repetitive dust exposure in the lung. Dietary manipulation of pulmonary disease risk is an attractive and timely approach given the contribution of an increased ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio to low grade inflammation and chronic disease in the Western diet. To prevent any confounding factors that comes with dietary supplementation of ω-3 PUFA (different sources, purity, dose, and duration), we employed a Fat-1 transgenic mouse model that convert ω-6 PUFA to ω-3 PUFA, leading to a tissue ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio of approximately 1:1. Building on our initial findings, we hypothesized that attaining elevated tissue levels of ω-3 PUFA would attenuate agricultural dust-induced lung inflammation and its resolution. To test this hypothesis, we compared wild-type (WT) and Fat-1 transgenic mice in their response to aqueous extracts of agricultural dust (DE). We also used a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEH) to potentiate the effects of ω-3 PUFA, since sEH inhibitors have been shown to stabilize the anti-inflammatory P450 metabolites derived from both ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA and promote generation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators from ω-3 PUFA. Over a three-week period, mice were exposed to a total of 15 intranasal instillations of DE obtained from swine confinement buildings in the Midwest. We observed genotype and sex-specific differences between the WT vs. Fat-1 transgenic mice in response to repetitive dust exposure, where three-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of treatment, genotype, and sex. Also, Fat-1 transgenic mice displayed reduced lymphoid aggregates in the lung following DE exposure as compared to WT animals exposed to DE, suggesting improved resilience to the DE-induced inflammatory effects. Overall, our data implicate a protective role of ω-3 FA in the lung following repetitive dust exposure.

Effect of Mouth Rinse Treatments on Bleached Enamel Properties, Surface Morphology, and Tooth Color

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
WF Vieira-Junior ◽  
LN Ferraz ◽  
MCC Giorgi ◽  
GMB Ambrosano ◽  
FHB Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Mouth Rinses

SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of mouth rinse exposure on bleached enamel. Methods: Enamel/dentin bovine blocks (4×4×2 mm) were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and were submitted to immersion twice daily for 14 days with different rinses (n=10), including those involving: distilled water (C [control]), 225-ppm NaF (FM, Colgate Plax Classic), essential oil (EM, Listerine Tartar Control), 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HPM, Colgate Plax Whitening), and 2% hydrogen peroxide, pyrophosphates, and 225-ppm NaF (HPM+P, Colgate® Luminous White). The specimens were stored in a remineralizing solution during all experiments. Analyses of color (ΔE, L*, a*, b*) and roughness (Ra) were performed at the baseline, after HP, and after exposure to the rinse. The cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) and images by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were assessed at the end. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (ΔE), repeated measures ANOVA (Ra), and split-plot ANOVA (CSMH), followed by the Tukey test. The L*, a*, and b* values were analyzed by generalized linear models (α=0.05). Results: Color changes were not statistically different in the groups. Ra increased in all groups after bleaching; however, it was reestablished in C, FM, and HPM+F and increased in EM after 14 days of the rinse. EM and HPM reduced the CSMH values differing from C and promoted alterations on the enamel surface visualized by SEM. Conclusion: The mouth rinses did not affect the whitening efficacy or promote benefits on bleached enamel properties. Moreover, the 1.5% hydrogen peroxide– or essential oil–based mouth rinses affected the bleached enamel properties, promoting an alteration in morphologic surface and mineral loss in depth.

A Comparison of Mindfulness-Based Group Training and Skills Group Training in Adults With ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc-Andreas Edel ◽  
Tanja Hölter ◽  
Kristina Wassink ◽  
Georg Juckel
Keyword(s):  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Similar Reduction

Objective: To compare a novel “third wave” mindfulness-based training program with an established skills training derived from dialectical behavior therapy, to reduce ADHD symptoms and improve mindfulness and self-efficacy. Method: Ninety-one adults with ADHD (combined and inattentive type, mainly medicated) were non-randomly assigned to and treated within a mindfulness-based training group (MBTG, n = 39) or a skills training group (STG, n = 52), each performed in 13 weekly 2-hr sessions. Results: General linear models with repeated measures revealed that both programs resulted in a similar reduction of ADHD symptoms, and improvement of mindfulness and self-efficacy. However, the effect sizes were in the small-to-medium range. A decrease in ADHD symptoms ≥30% was observed in 30.8% of the MBTG participants and 11.5% of the STG participants. Conclusion: The comparatively weak results may be due to limitations such as the absence of randomization, the lack of a control group without intervention, and the lack of matching groups for borderline, depression, and anxiety status. Moreover, audio instructions for home exercises and more stringent monitoring of participants’ progress and eventual absence from sessions might have improved the outcome.

scholarly journals Dietary omega-6, but not omega-3, polyunsaturated or saturated fatty acids increase inflammation in primary lung mesenchymal cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (6) ◽  
pp. L922-L935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Rutting ◽  
Dia Xenaki ◽  
Edmund Lau ◽  
Jay Horvat ◽  
Lisa G. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Obese Person ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase

Obesity is an important risk factor for developing severe asthma. Dietary fatty acids, which are increased in sera of obese individuals and after high-fat meals, activate the innate immune system and induce inflammation. This study investigated whether dietary fatty acids directly cause inflammation and/or synergize with obesity-induced cytokines in primary human pulmonary fibroblasts in vitro. Fibroblasts were challenged with BSA-conjugated fatty acids [ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and ω-3 PUFAs or saturated fatty acids (SFAs)], with or without TNF-α, and release of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and CXCL8, was measured. We found that the ω-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA), but not ω-3 PUFAs or SFAs, upregulates IL-6 and CXCL8 release. Combined AA and TNF-α challenge resulted in substantially greater cytokine release than either alone, demonstrating synergy. Synergistic upregulation of IL-6, but not CXCL8, was mainly mediated via cyclooxygenase (COX). Inhibition of p38 MAPK reduced CXCL8 release, induced by AA and TNF-α alone, but not in combination. Synergistic CXCL8 release, following AA and TNF-α challenge, was not medicated via a single signaling pathway (MEK1, JNK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and NF-κB) nor by hyperactivation of NF-κB or p38. To investigate if these findings occur in other airway cells, effects of AA in primary human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and human bronchial epithelial cells were also investigated. We found proinflammatory effects in ASM cells but not epithelial cells. This study suggests that diets rich in ω-6 PUFAs might promote airway inflammation via multiple pathways, including COX-dependent and -independent pathways, and in an obese person, may lead to more severe airway inflammation.

Effect of Different Dentifrices, Bleaching with 35% Hydrogen Peroxide, and Red Wine on Surface Color and Roughness of Bovine Enamel

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Garcia ◽  
WF Vieira-Junior ◽  
JD Theobaldo ◽  
NIP Pini ◽  
GM Ambrosano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Surface Alteration ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Objective: To evaluate color and roughness of bovine enamel exposed to dentifrices, dental bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and erosion/staining by red wine. Methods: Bovine enamel blocks were exposed to: artificial saliva (control), Oral-B Pro-Health (stannous fluoride with sodium fluoride, SF), Sensodyne Repair & Protect (bioactive glass, BG), Colgate Pro-Relief (arginine and calcium carbonate, AR), or Chitodent (chitosan, CHI). After toothpaste exposure, half (n=12) of the samples were bleached (35% HP), and the other half were not (n=12). The color (CIE L*a* b*, ΔE), surface roughness (Ra), and scanning electron microscopy were evaluated. Color and roughness were assessed at baseline, post-dentifrice and/or -dental bleaching, and after red wine. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (ΔE) for repeated measures (Ra), followed by Tukey ́s test. The L*, a*, and b* values were analyzed by generalized linear models (a=0.05). Results: The HP promoted an increase in Ra values; however, the SF, BG, and AR did not enable this alteration. After red wine, all groups apart from SF (unbleached) showed increases in Ra values; SF and AR promoted decreases in L* values; AR demonstrated higher ΔE values, differing from the control; and CHI decreased the L* variation in the unbleached group. Conclusion: Dentifrices did not interfere with bleaching efficacy of 35% HP. However, dentifrices acted as a preventive agent against surface alteration from dental bleaching (BG, SF, and AR) or red wine (SF). Dentifrices can decrease (CHI) or increase (AR and SF) staining by red wine.

scholarly journals Factors associated to functioning and health in relation to home rehabilitation in Sweden: a non-randomized pre-post intervention study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Johansson ◽  
Marie Ernsth Bravell ◽  
Eleonor I. Fransson ◽  
Sofi Fristedt
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Rehabilitation Service ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽  
Self Rated Health

Abstract Background Home rehabilitation is a growing rehabilitation service in many countries, but scientific knowledge of its components and outcomes is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate; 1) which changes in functioning and self-rated health could be identified in relation to a home rehabilitation program in a population of community-dwelling citizens, and 2) how socio-demographic factors, health conditions and home rehabilitation interventions were associated to change in functioning and self-rated health after the home rehabilitation program. Method The sample consisted of participants in a municipal home rehabilitation project in Sweden and consisted of 165 community-dwelling citizens. General Linear Models (ANOVA repeated measures) was used for identifying changes in rehabilitation outcomes. Logistic regressions analysis was used to investigate associations between rehabilitation outcomes and potential factors associated to outcome. Result Overall improvements in functioning and self-rated health were found after the home rehabilitation program. Higher frequencies of training sessions with occupational therapists, length of home rehabilitation, and orthopaedic conditions of upper extremities and spine as the main health condition, were associated with rehabilitation outcomes. Conclusion The result indicates that the duration of home rehabilitation interventions and intensity of occupational therapy, as well as the main medical condition may have an impact on the outcomes of home rehabilitation and needs to be considered when planning such programs. However, more research is needed to guide practice and policymaking.

scholarly journals Inhibition of MAPK and STAT3-SOCS3 by Sakuranetin Attenuated Chronic Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda P. R. Santana ◽  
Rafael C. da Silva ◽  
Simone dos S. Grecco ◽  
Aruanã J. M. C. R. Pinheiro ◽  
Luciana C. Caperuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Allergic Airway Disease ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Th17 Cytokines

Asthma allergic disease is caused by airway chronic inflammation. Some intracellular signaling pathways, such as MAPK and STAT3-SOCS3, are involved in the control of airway inflammation in asthma. The flavonoid sakuranetin demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect in different asthma models. Our aim was to clarify how sakuranetin treatment affects MAPK and STAT3-SOCS3 pathways in a murine experimental asthma model. Mice were submitted to an asthma ovalbumin-induction protocol and were treated with vehicle, sakuranetin, or dexamethasone. We assayed the inflammatory profile, mucus production, and serum antibody, STAT3-SOCS3, and MAPK levels in the lungs. Morphological alterations were also evaluated in the liver. LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were used to evaluate the effects of sakuranetin on nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine production. In vivo, sakuranetin treatment reduced serum IgE levels, lung inflammation (eosinophils, neutrophils, and Th2/Th17 cytokines), and respiratory epithelial mucus production in ovalbumin-sensitized animals. Considering possible mechanisms, sakuranetin inhibits the activation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and STAT3 in the lungs. No alterations were found in the liver for treated animals. Sakuranetin did not modify in vitro cell viability in RAW 264.7 and reduced NO release and gene expression of IL-1β and IL-6 induced by LPS in these cells. In conclusion, our data showed that the inhibitory effects of sakuranetin on eosinophilic lung inflammation can be due to the inhibition of Th2 and Th17 cytokines and the inhibition of MAPK and STAT3 pathways, reinforcing the idea that sakuranetin can be considered a relevant candidate for the treatment of inflammatory allergic airway disease.

Effect of resveratrol administration on ovarian morphology, determined by transvaginal ultrasound for the women with PCOS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Amir Pejman Hashemi Taheri ◽  
Behnaz Moradi ◽  
Amir Reza Radmard ◽  
Milad Sanginabadi ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Ovarian Volume ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Intake of resveratrol has been associated with improved ovarian morphology under in vitro and in the animal models; however, this finding has not been confirmed in trials. The aim of our study was, therefore, to use a placebo-controlled approach with the detailed assessment of the ovarian morphology by applying transvaginal ultrasound to examine the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach in this group of women. Methods: Forty-one women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were randomly assigned (1:1) to 3 months of daily 1000 mg resveratrol or placebo. Random assignment was done by blocked randomisation. Our primary endpoints were the change in the ovarian volume, stromal area and antral follicle count per ovary (FNPO) from the baseline to 3 months. Secondary endpoints were improvement in the distribution of follicles and ovarian echogenicity. Differences between the resveratrol and control groups were evaluated by Chi-square, fisher’s exact test and repeated-measures of ANOVA. Results: The mean age of all participants was 28.61 ± 4.99 years, with the mean BMI of 28.26 ± 5.62 kg/m2. Resveratrol therapy, as compared with placebo, was associated with a significantly higher rate of improvement in the ovarian morphology (p= 0.02). Women who received resveratrol had a more dominant follicle than those getting placebo, with a significant reduction in the ovarian volume (p<0.05). However, the number of FNPO, stromal area, ovarian echogenicity and distribution of follicles were not significantly altered (P>0.05). Conclusions: Treatment with resveratrol significantly reduced the ovarian volume and PCOM, thus suggesting a disease-modifying effect in PCOS. Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT2017061917139N2. Registered 7 July 2017, http://irct.ir/trial/15836.

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