MGP NAPL interception with organophyllic media: flow-through column test results

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
Michael J. Gefell ◽  
Erin C. Rankin ◽  
William R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Flow Through

scholarly journals Immobilization of Cd, Zn, and Pb from Soil Treated by Limestone with Variation of pH Using a Column Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Wook Yun ◽  
Chan Yu
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Acidic Solutions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Metal Mines ◽  
Site Restoration

Decades of mining in South Korea have resulted in the contamination of large amounts of soil by metals. The most feasible approach to site restoration requires the use of a stabilization agent to reduce metal mobility. This study examined the leaching characteristics of limestone used as a stabilization agent when subjected to solutions of differing pH. In a laboratory-scale column test, solutions with pH values of 3.5, 4.6, and 5.6, representing acidic to nonacidic rainfall, were applied to soil mixed with limestone. Test results indicate that metal components can be released with the addition of acidic solutions, even if the soil is highly alkaline. Cd and Zn, in particular, exhibited abrupt or continuous leaching when exposed to acid solutions, indicating the potential for contamination of water systems as metal-laden soils are exposed to the slightly acidic rainfall typical of South Korea. Treatment using stabilization agents such as limestone may reduce leaching of metals from the contaminated soil. Stabilizing metal-contaminated farmland is an economical and feasible way to reduce pollutants around abandoned metal mines.

Proteinaceous Bubbles and Nano Particle Flows in Microchannel

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Yeul Jung ◽  
Ki-Taek Byun ◽  
Jae-Ho Hong ◽  
Ho-Young Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Particle Flows ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flow Through

Proteinaceous bubbles of 185 nm in average diameter were synthesized by a sonochemical treatment of bovine serum albumin in aqueous solution and the nanoparticles (TiO2) solution was made by ultrasonic irradiation. To study the macroscopic flow behavior associated with the changes in the state of microparticles, a flow test of these solutions in microchannels was done. Also the size distributions of the proteinaceous bubbles in solution before and after the flow test were measured by a light scattering method. Test results show that the air-filled proteinaceous bubbles in solution adjust their size to reduce the shear stress encountered in the flow through the microchannel. On the other hand, the flow rate of the solution with nanoparticles suspensions becomes smaller than that of deionized water above the flow rate of 6 cm3/min in the microchannel with a dimension of 100×150 μm2.

Flow Theory and Performance of Tangential Fans

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 481-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ilberg ◽  
W. Z. Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Impeller Speed ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Range ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Measured Flow ◽  
Vortex Centre ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Potential Vortex

The investigation reported here deals with the conditions of flow through a tangential fan. In order to gain a better understanding of the flow an experimental apparatus for testing the fan was designed. Detailed measurements of velocity and pressure through the impeller interior were carried out. The results indicate that a combined vortex is the main component of the flow, namely, a forced vortex, surrounded by a potential vortex (free vortex). The centre of the combined vortex lies inside the impeller and its location does not change with impeller speed. A suitable theoretical model of the flow was developed and acceptable correlation was found between it and the measured flow field. It was found that the flow regime through the impeller interior could be controlled and that the location of the combined vortex centre and its strength would be regulated by the shape and location of a diffuser baffle. A secondary flow perpendicular to the main flow, hitherto not mentioned, was found and an explanation of this phenomenon is offered. Test results show that the fan efficiency increases with increasing impeller speed in the test range. Previous available works on the subject are reviewed.

The Transonic Flow Through a Plane Turbine Cascade as Measured in Four European Wind Tunnels

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kiock ◽  
F. Lehthaus ◽  
N. C. Baines ◽  
C. H. Sieverding
Keyword(s):  
Transonic Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Turbine Rotor Blade ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Blade Section ◽  
Flow Through

Reliable cascade data are esssential to the development of high-speed turbomachinery, but it has long been suspected that the tunnel environment influences the test results. This has now been investigated by testing one plane gas turbine rotor blade section in four European wind tunnels of different test sections and instrumentation. The Reynolds number of the transonic flow tests was Re2 = 8 × 105 based on exit flow conditions. The turbulence was not increased artificially. A comparison of results from blade pressure distributions and wake traverse measurements reveals the order of magnitude of tunnel effects.

An elutriation apparatus for assessing settleability of combined sewer overflows (CSOs)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marsalek ◽  
B.G. Krishnappan ◽  
K. Exall ◽  
Q. Rochfort ◽  
R.P. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Settling Column ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Floc Breakage ◽  
Flow Velocities

An elutriation apparatus was proposed for testing the settleability of combined sewer outflows (CSOs) and applied to 12 CSO samples. In this apparatus, solids settling is measured under dynamic conditions created by flow through a series of settling chambers of varying diameters and upward flow velocities. Such a procedure reproduces better turbulent settling in CSO tanks than the conventional settling columns, and facilitates testing coagulant additions under dynamic conditions. Among the limitations, one could name the relatively large size of the apparatus and samples (60 L), and inadequate handling of floatables. Settleability results obtained for the elutriation apparatus and a conventional settling column indicate large inter-event variation in CSO settleability. Under such circumstances, settling tanks need to be designed for “average” conditions and, within some limits, the differences in test results produced by various settleability testing apparatuses and procedures may be acceptable. Further development of the elutriation apparatus is under way, focusing on reducing flow velocities in the tubing connecting settling chambers and reducing the number of settling chambers employed. The first measure would reduce the risk of floc breakage in the connecting tubing and the second one would reduce the required sample size.

Calculation of Flow Losses in Rotating Passages of Gas Turbine Cooling Systems

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brillert ◽  
A. W. Reichert ◽  
H. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
Flow Losses ◽  
Simple Physical Model ◽  
Precise Analysis ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Gas Turbine Cooling ◽  
Secondary Air

The continuous improvement in thermal efficiency of gas turbines is primarily achieved by increasing the turbine inlet temperatures without, however, affecting the thermal stability and the fatigue strength of the blades which must be guaranteed for their entire service life. The precise analysis of secondary air systems is therefore of crucial importance for the design of gas turbines. Stationary and rotating passages constitute important elements of secondary air systems, and this paper focuses on the calculation of the characteristics of fluid flow through stationary and rotating passages (or bores) as a function of passage length, asymmetric inflow (i.e. crossflow at the inlet) and inlet edge geometry (i.e. rounded or sharp–edged inlets). A simple physical model is developed on the basis of the simple and thoroughly investigated passage flow. The model is then matched to a large number of test results taken from the literature. The result is a versatile tool for calculating flow losses in rotating and stationary passages.

Current-Fed Flyback Push-Pull DC-DC Converter Based on Three-Phase Transformer

2014 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. 164-167
Author(s):  
You Chen Yuan ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Yu Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Magnetic Loop ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Static And Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Independent Functions ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

Three-phase current-fed flyback push-pull dc-dc converter is proposed in this paper, which is a new circuit topology putting into practice based on current-fed flyback push-pull dc-dc converter. Structure is simplified; cost is cut down; efficiency and reliability are improved all by the high frequency three-phase transformer technique that carries out functions of flyback transformer as well as push-pull transformer at the same time. Three-phase transformer can be separated into relatively independent functions of flyback transformer and push-pull transformer with the reluctance produced by the magnetic gap in the central phase; the flyback transformer produces only common-mode flux in the magnetic circuit of push-pull transformer and does not influence its output signal; the magnetic flux in push-pull transformer is blocked by the magnetic gap and can only flow through the outer magnetic loop. Investigational device is designed; static and dynamic characteristics are observed and test results are verified by the experimentation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of the addition of bioethanol to gas oil on coking diesel engine injector terminals

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Piotr ORLIŃSKI ◽  
Marcin WOJS ◽  
Mateusz BEDNARSKI ◽  
Mieczysław SIKORA
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Sediment Formation ◽  
Test Engine ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Test Result

The article presents the results of empirical research and their analysis regarding the impact of diesel oil and diesel oil mixture with bioethanol on coking the test injector nozzles of the XUD9 engine from PSA. The research included three fuel deals: diesel fuel as the base fuel and diesel oil mix with ONE10 bioethanol (10% bioethanol plus diesel oil (V/V)), ONE20 (20% bioethanol plus diesel oil (V/V)). They were conducted on the basis of CEC PF-023 developed by CEC (Coordinating European Council). Each of the above-mentioned fuels was tested using a new set of injectors. The propensity of the fuel for coking the injector tips was expressed as a percentage reduction in the air flow through the nozzles of each injector for the given sheer increments. The test result was the average percentage of airflow reduction for all nozzles at 0.1 mm spike increments and was measured according to ISO 4010 "Diesel engines. Calibrating nozzle, delay pintle type”. The test results for individual atomizers of the above-mentioned test engine in the area of sediment formation from flowing fuel shown a lower tendency to coke the injectors using diesel fuel-bioethanol in comparison to the use of pure diesel oil. Based on the CEC PF-023 test, it can be noticed that the level of contamination of the tested injectors for ONE10 fuel is about 3% lower, and for ONE20 fuel is about 4% lower than the level of pollution for diesel fuel.

An Experimental Study on Wax Removal in Pipes With Oil Flow

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Cem Sarica ◽  
Michael Volk
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Wax Deposits ◽  
Wax Removal

Pigging is recognized as one of the most used techniques for removing wax deposits in pipelines. In an earlier paper, the mechanics of the wax removal was studied using an experimental setup under dry conditions, i.e., no oil presence. In this study, the pigging experiments are conducted for both regular disc and by-pass disc pigs under flowing conditions. A new test facility was designed and constructed. The test section is 6.1 m (20-ft) long Schedule 40 steel pipe with an inner diameter of 0.0762 m (3-in.). A mixture of a commercial wax and a mineral oil is cast inside the spool pieces for different wax thicknesses and wax oil contents. The wax breaking and plug transportation forces are investigated separately. The results indicated that the wax breaking force increases as wax thickness increases, and the wax plug transportation force gradient is independent of the wax plug length. In comparison to previous test results, presence of oil reduced the wax plug transportation force. Experimental results also showed that the wax transport behavior of the by-pass pig is significantly different than that of the regular pig. The by-pass pig allows the oil to flow through the by-pass holes and mobilizes the removed wax in front of the pig resulting in no discernible wax accumulation in front of the pig. Therefore, no measurable transportation force was observed for the by-pass pig tests.

Influence of Nano Materials in the Distressed Domain during Maintenance

2015 ◽  
Vol 1086 ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
J. Nirmala ◽  
G. Dhanalakshmi ◽  
A. Rajaraman
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Rectangular Domain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Partial Differential ◽  
Seepage Analysis ◽  
Mixed Mortar ◽  
Two Space Dimensions ◽  
Flow Through

In irrigation structures, seepage through the body wall and foundation play a major role for the assessment of failures in the structures. To design any kind of structure for the proper irrigation, the effect due to seepage should be considered widely. Many methods have been suggested for the prediction of seepage. Seepage analysis ofirrigation structures works mainly on the basis of two dimensional Laplace equation. The Partial Differential Equation Toolbox in MATLAB provides a powerful and flexible environment for the study and solution of partial differential equations in two space dimensions and time. The equations are discretized by the Finite Element Method (FEM). Fluid flow through porous media particularly in the case of irrigation and hydraulic structures like dams and weirs is the focus of the current study and here flaws or cracks which occur in the domain cause variations and need remedial ones to improve or bring back to the original flow pattern. Since flaws in terms of fissures are very small injecting nanomaterial mixed mortar can provide significant improvements and modifications. Here in a rectangular domain the flow is studied throw finite element modeling with and without different sizes and location of flaws. Later these flaws are filled with nanomaterial mortars whose properties are based on test results and the flow is again studied to bring out the changes and improvements. Results are given for different nanomaterial mortars with different flaw sizes.

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