Developmental Relationships between Field Independence and Fixity-Mobility

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Developmental Relationships ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
Pearson Correlations

The level of field independence (measured by the Embedded-figures Test) was intercorrelated for 20 males with the level of fixity-mobility (measured by the Stroop Color-Word Test) at five different age levels. The Pearson correlations suggested that with an increase in the level of field independence there is a tendency to be mobile, and with a decrease in the level of field dependence there is a tendency to be fixed.

Relation of Field Dependence to the “Philosophies of Human Nature”

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-198
Author(s):  
Robert B. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Positive View ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The One

To study the function of personality variables in the perception of other people, 52 undergraduate males were administered the Philosophies of Human Nature Scale and the Embedded-figures Test. Relatively low but significant positive correlations were found between field independence and trustworthiness, altruism, and the positive view of human nature. There was no significant correlation between field independence and strength of will, independence, complexity, and variability. Apparently, the personality of the one perceiving is relevant to what is perceived in the other person.

Use of the Group Embedded Figures Test with Children

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Thompson ◽  
Murray M. Pitts ◽  
Joan P. Gipe
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Group Embedded Figures Test

Extensive previous research suggests that the cognitive style of field-independence/field-dependence has important implications for teaching and guidance. However, studies of the validity of group-administered measures which can be used with younger children are limited. The present study assessed the feasibility of using a widely recognized style measure, the Group Embedded Figures Test, with 45 fourth-, 42 fifth-, and 42 sixth-graders. The results were generally favorable with respect to the test's applicability to these age groups.

Field-Dependence and Stability of Self-View

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Claeys ◽  
Paul Deboeck ◽  
Nicole Viaene
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Second Year

Contrary to Witkin's opinion, field-dependent individuals are expected to show higher stability of self-view than field-independent individuals. 73 Belgian second-year university students were submitted to the Group Embedded Figures Test. The Five Personality Factor Test measuring extraversion, friendliness, emotional instability, conscientiousness and general culture, was administered to each student for self-description (self-report) and to both parents for description of the student (mother's report and father's report). The decrease of correlation between self-report and parent's report as a function of the degree of student's field-independence supports the authors' hypothesis. Results are interpreted in terms of closer attention of field-independent individuals to relevant cues.

Associating Embedded Figures Test Performance with Extreme Hysteria and Psychasthenia MMPI Scores in a Psychiatric Population

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-434
Author(s):  
David M. Lawrence ◽  
Victor Morton
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Geometric Figures ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Psychiatric Population ◽  
Female Subjects

21 female subjects from a psychiatric population scoring high on one of two MMPI scales, Hysteria or Psychasthenia, were given Jackson's (1956) shortened version of the Embedded Figures Test. Hysteria correlates positively and significantly .71 with time spent in detecting embedded geometric figures. Obsessive-compulsiveness and Embedded Figures Test performance time are negatively correlated —.63. The average times were 102.5 sec. for hysteria subjects and 62.6 sec. for psychasthenia subjects. Chi-squared establishes the significant association of MMPI measurements for hysteria and obsessive-compulsiveness with field-dependence and field-independence, respectively.

Selectivity, Resistance to Distraction and Shifting as Three Attentional Factors

1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sallyann Amdur Sack ◽  
Charles E. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Color Word ◽  
Oblique Rotation ◽  
Factor Matrix ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Pattern Matrix ◽  
Group Version

To assess whether degree of selectivity, ability to resist distraction, and capacity for voluntary shifting are separate, identifiable attention processes, 164 eighth-grade students were given three adaptations of the Gottschaldt Embedded-figures Test. Distraction was represented by three tasks devised by Karp, called Cancellation, Arithmetic Operations, and the Distracting Contexts Test 2B. Shifting was defined by an anagrams task and one requiring the drawing of alternately placed triangles. A group version of the Stroop Color-Word Test was predicted to load both selectivity and shifting. Data were subjected to a principal components analysis, followed by an oblique rotation which permits comparison of the degree to which an obtained factor matrix approximates a hypothesized pattern matrix. Tests load as predicted. Results support the hypothesis of three separate attention factors underlying the performance of tests used.

Components Underlying the Relation between Field Dependence and Extraversion

1977 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Loo ◽  
Phyllis J. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Group Embedded Figures Test

Components of Eysenck's Extraversion scale were examined to account for previous findings indicating that field independence, as measured by individual and group forms of the embedded-figures test, is associated with Introversion. In two of the three samples of female university students, field independence, as measured by the Group Embedded Figures Test, was associated with low impulsivity and slow decision time, as measured by items on Eysenck's Extraversion scale.

Field Independence and Stroop Color-Word Performance

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 782-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney H. Hochman
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Boundary Strength

Several investigators (Klein, 1964; Frankenhaeuser, et al., 1967; Hochman, 1967) have reported that performance on the Stroop color-word test is accompanied by signs of stress, tension, and frustration. In this test, Ss are asked to name the colors of ink used to print names of other colors, i.e., the word “red” is printed in blue ink. Saltz (1971) suggests that Ss who develop strong boundaries for cognitive systems are less likely to have these systems disrupted by stress than are Ss whose boundaries are weaker. Using one of Witkin, et al.‘s (1962) field-independence measures (Hidden-figures) as an index of boundary strength, the present experiment was designed to explore the relationship between an individual's boundary strength and color-word performance.

Effect of Structured Ice Hockey Training on Scores on Field-Dependence/Independence

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Goulet ◽  
Serge Talbot ◽  
Denis Drouin ◽  
Pierre Trudel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
High Field ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Dependency ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Embedded Figures

The aim of the present study is to test two hypotheses, (1) Witkin and Goodenough's 1982 assumption that participation in a structured physical activity increases field-independence and (2) that subjects characterized by high field-independence would show greater gains than subjects with high field-dependence on ice hockey skills. An adaptation of Oltman, Raskin, and Witkin's Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) was given to measure field-dependency and standardized tests were used to evaluate the players' skill. An experimental group of 26 boys ( M = 11.27 yr.) were members of an ice hockey training program; 18 boys of a control group ( M = 11.93 yr.) participated in no programmed physical activity. A pretest (field-dependency and skill) was administered 21 weeks prior to the posttest; no significant differences were found for scores on embedded figures between groups; Witkin and Goodenough's hypothesis was not supported, but field-independent subjects tended to learn more.

Mobility-Fixity: Further Psychometric Data on the Field Independence of Accountants

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Y. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Psychometric Data ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Group Embedded Figures Test

This study examined the performance of 49 accountants on the Group Embedded Figures Test and the Figural Intersections Test and used the two sets of scores to measure not only the accountants' field dependence-independence but also whether they may be mobile or fixed. This combination of test scores led to dividing accountants into one of four cognitive subtypes (field-independent scorers, both fixed and mobile, and field-dependent scorers, both fixed and mobile). The implications of mobility-fixity for accountants are discussed.

Within-culture variation in field dependence/independence: A region-level investigation across China

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
Shenli Peng ◽  
Ping Hu ◽  
Zheng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
North China ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
North China Area ◽  
Collectivist Cultures

Field dependence/independence (FDI), refers to one's preferred style in perceiving one's surroundings, either analytically and individually, or globally and collectively, and has been a popular topic in recent cross- and within-culture research. Previous researchers have suggested that members of individualist and collectivist cultures differ in the degree to which they perceive objects either analytically and context-independently or holistically and context-dependently. Cross-culture variation in FDI has been thoroughly studied, whereas within-culture investigations have seldom been undertaken. We explored the within-culture variation of FDI with 593 Chinese colleague students, via administering the Embedded Figures Test. As we predicted, results showed that participants from the more individualist north China area exhibited stronger degrees of field independence than did their more collectivist southern counterparts. We have supported and extended the notion that culture affects individual experiences on a basic perceptual level with new within-culture data.

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