Reciprocal Interference in Learning Two Interleaved Gross Motor Tasks

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-566
Author(s):  
Mary Lou Norrie ◽  
Franklin M. Henry
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Learning Deficit ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Task Practice ◽  
Practice Trials

When 1-min. practice trials alternate between two unrelated motor tasks so that total practice is continuous, each task interferes with the learning of the other ( n = 28 males). Comparison with control group data ( n = 28 males) for each task (practice on the other task being replaced with intertrial rests) shows that interference from the more complex and demanding of the two tasks occurs much earlier (compared with onset of interference from the other) and progresses through a period of cumulating effect which is followed by a period of relatively constant learning deficit.

scholarly journals Intrinsic risk factors for gross motor delay in children aged 6-24 months

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Joanna Erin Hanrahan ◽  
Irawan Mangunatmadja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Motor Delay ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Gestation Age

Background. Gross motor is one of the skill domain with the highest parental concern as mastering it determines the autonomy of a child. Several internal risk factors including perinatal asphyxia, prematurity, low birth weight, wide fontanelle, and microcephaly have been studied in predicting gross motor delay with varied results. This study is made to arrange a strategic intervention on the prevention of delayed development. Objective. To evaluate perinatal asphyxia, gestation age <37 weeks, birth weight <2500 grams, microcephaly, and wide fontanelle as predictors of gross motor delay in children aged 6-24 months. Methods. A case control study design was used. Data collection was conducted by direct assessment of gross motor skill and parents’ interview in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital and Anakku Clinic, South Jakarta. Children with gross motor delay were included in the case group and children with normal gross motor were included in the control group. Data was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis with a statistical significance value of P<0.05 and 95% confidence intervals. Results. One hundred and twenty-six subjects were studied, with 63 children in the case group and 63 children in the control group. Baseline characteristics of subjects were similar between the two groups. Microcephaly and gestation age <37 weeks were predictors of gross motor delay [(aOR 4.613 (95% CI 95 2.023 to 10.521, P<0.001) and (aOR 3.668 (95% CI 1.153 to 11.673, P=0.028), respectively]. Conclusion. Microcephaly and gestation age <37 weeks are significant predictors of gross motor delay in children aged 6-24 months.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of sequence of events styles by displaying ready made and instantaneous maps and timetables for the comprehension of historical concepts and the acquisition of sympathy towards them

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-232
Author(s):  
Assist. Prof. Dr. Suhaila M. K. Al-Fatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Women Students ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Fourth Class ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Experimental Group

    The percent paper  aims at investigating the effectiveness of using the styles of displaying the sequence of historical events by ready- made and instantaneous maps and time –tables for the comprehension of historical concepts by women students in the fourth grade of secondary schools , literary section , moreover , it studies the acquisition of sympathy by students with historical events and their characters , compared with the traditional method of teaching history.The study was conducted in a secondary school for women in the second directorate of Education , karkh Baghdad . three groups of the fourth class , Literary branch , were selected 4ed randomly distributed over (a) Experimental Group One , (b) Experimental group two and (c) the control group Data analysis showed the presence of statistically significant differences in the comprehension of the population of the experiment. These differences are attributed to the use of the two styles of displaying the sequence of events , on the hand , and the traditional method on the other  . The same conclusion was arrived at concerning the student's sympathy towards the historical events and characters. Results show that the differences are in favor of the students who learned by the sequence – of – events style used in the two experimental groups , as compared to the traditional method used in the control group.

Effects of Reinforcement on Motor Learning and Retention by Mentally Retarded

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Auxter
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
The Other ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children

The effects of reinforcement on learning and retention and patterns of motor learning were studied. Each of two groups of mentally retarded children ( N = 16 per group), matched for IQ and CA, were initially given 25 trials on a stabilometer. After 6 mo., 5 retention trials were given. One group was reinforced with candy on Trials 5 to 25. The other group was not reinforced. The results show that: (a) mentally retarded children are capable of learning motor tasks involving rapid motor adjustments; (b) reinforcement of a gross motor task may facilitate greater learning and it retards the effects of the onset of satiation, which leads to decrements in performance; (c) reinforcement for performance on the stabilometer does not result in significantly greater retention over a 6-mo. interval.

The Estimation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations in patients with prostatitis by fully automated ELISA technique.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104
Author(s):  
Hussein Naeem Aldhaheri ◽  
Ihsan Edan AlSaimary ◽  
Murtadha Mohammed ALMusafer
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
And Control

      The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of  Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men from Basrah and Maysan provinces. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected. This study shows the effect of PSA level in patients with prostatitis and control group, with P-value <0.0001 therefore the study shows a positive significant between elevated PSA levels and Prostatitis.

The Effect of Reflexology on Labor Pain and Length Among Primiparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azita Kamjoo
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Labor Length ◽  
Primiparous Women

Background: Pain control is considered as the key issue in modern midwifery. Along with medical painkillers, reflexology is viewed as a non-medical and noninvasive method. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effect of reflexology on the intensity of pain and length of labor. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, participants included 240 Iranian primiparous women with term and singleton pregnancy. Having a 3-4 cm cervical dilatation once they visited the hospital. Through a convenient sampling method, they were selected and then randomly divided into two groups. In the intervention group, reflexology was performed, and the intensity of pain during the active phase of labor along with the length of labor in the active phase was measured by visual analog scale (VAS) and compared with the control group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U-test. Result: Data analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the intensity of pain in the 5-7 and 8-10 cm dilatation in the two groups (P=0.01). Moreover, the labor length in the active phase was found to be significantly shorter in the intervention group (P<0.001). Conclusion: It appears that reflexology can lead to a reduction in the pain and length of labor. Therefore, through instructing this technique, a goal of midwifery, which is reducing labor pain and its length can be achieved. Keywords: Reflexology, Labor Pain, Labor Length, Primiparous Women

Detection and Assessment of Interleukin 6 in Irreversible Pulp Inflamation

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
Cristian Levente Giuroiu ◽  
Maria Vataman ◽  
Gabriel Melian ◽  
Dragos Bularda ◽  
Ludmila Lozneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Immunohistochemical Technique ◽  
Systemic Distribution ◽  
Cell Zone

The study aimed to assess the number, localization and distribution of interleukin 6 (IL-6) positive cells in healthy pulp, acute and chronic pulpitis. The study group included 48 patients aged between 18-72, treated in University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa Iasi, Romania. The pulpectomy was performed on 42 patients diagnosed with acute and chronic pulpitis. The other 6 patients, without signs of dental caries or periodontal disease, were submitted to extractions of teeth for orthodontic purposes, with pulpectomy performed before extraction. The pulp samples were examined with optic microscope. The detection and assessment of IL-6 were performed using immunohistochemical technique. Data were statistically analysed using non-parametric tests. According to morphopathological criteria, 42.85% were classified as acute pulpitis and 57.14% as chronic pulpitis. The pulp samples in control group were not associated with IL-6 positive cells. The analysis of all samples with acute and chronic pulpitis identified 73.80% samples with IL-6 and 26.20% associated with the absence of IL-6. The highest frequency of IL-6 positive cells was recorded in rich-cell zone of crown dental pulp. The systemic distribution of IL-6 positive cells was mostly diffused without well-defined orientation. IL-6 release in acute and chronic pulpitis is significantly higher comparing with healthy pulp tissue.

Antimicrobial Effect of 940 nm Diode Laser based on Photolysis of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2081-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alin Alexandru Odor ◽  
Edwin Sever Bechir ◽  
Deborah Violant ◽  
Victoria Badea
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Before And After

Moderate and severe periodontitis represents a challenge in the non-surgical periodontal therapy. Due to the lack of evidence regarding the antimicrobial effectiveness of 940 nm diode laser in periodontal treatment, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photolysis performed with 940 nm diode laser in the treatment of moderate and severe periodontitis. Twenty-five patients with 100 teeth were selected for this pilot study. The test teeth were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups: Group 1: scaling and root planning (SRP) (control group); and the following experimental groups: Group 2: H2O2; Group 3: 940 nm diode laser therapy; Group 4: 940 nm diode laser therapy and H2O2. Clinical examinations, like probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed before and after the treatment. The microbiological evaluation, effectuated before and after the treatment, included nine periodontal bacteria species and investigated by means of real-time PCR assay. The clinical and bacterial differences in the tested groups, was assessed between control group and the other three experimental groups, as well as between the experimental groups. The total bacteria load was reduced for all four studied groups. Group 4 (diode laser + H2O2) showed significant bacterial reduction of the major periodontal bacteria like Pg., Tf., Td., Pi., Pm., Fn (p[0.001) than the other 3 groups (p]0.001). Also the periodontal clinical parameters, like PD, CAL and BOP showed a significant reduction after the photolysis of H2O2 with the 940 nm diode laser (p[0.001). Differences between tested groups showed a significant beneficial results in regard to Group 4.It is suggested that the photoactivation of H2O2 with the 940 nm diode laser can be used successfully in adjunctive to the non-surgical periodontal treatment as a bactericidal tool.

scholarly journals Psycho-Electrophysiological Benefits of Forest Therapies Focused on Qigong and Walking with Elderly Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3004
Author(s):  
Jiyune Yi ◽  
Seul Gee Kim ◽  
Taegyu Khil ◽  
Minja Shin ◽  
Jin-Hee You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Forest ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Beneficial Effects

We developed two distinct forest therapy programs (FTPs) and compared their effects on dementia prevention and related health problems for older adults. One was focused on Qigong practice in the forest (QP) and the other involved active walking in the forest (WP). Both FTPs consisted of twelve 2-h sessions over six weeks and were conducted in an urban forest. We obtained data from 25, 18, and 26 participants aged 65 years or above for the QP, WP, and control groups, respectively. Neuropsychological scores via cognition (MoCA), geriatric depression (GDS) and quality of life (EQ-5D), and electrophysiological variables (electroencephalography, bioimpedance, and heart rate variability) were measured. We analyzed the intervention effects with a generalized linear model. Compared to the control group, the WP group showed benefits in terms of neurocognition (increases in the MoCA score, and alpha and beta band power values in the electroencephalogram), sympathetic nervous activity, and bioimpedance in the lower body. On the other hand, the QP group showed alleviated depression and an increased bioimpedance phase angle in the upper body. In conclusion, both active walking and Qigong in the forest were shown to have distinctive neuropsychological and electrophysiological benefits, and both had beneficial effects in terms of preventing dementia and relieving related health problems for elderly individuals.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity of Lactobacillus plantarum NJAU-01 in an animal model of aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Ge ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Donglei Jiang ◽  
Hai Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Sterile Saline

Abstract Background Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause serious damage to the human body and may cause various chronic diseases. Studies have found that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have antioxidant and anti-aging effects, and are important resources for the development of microbial antioxidants. This paper was to explore the potential role of an antioxidant strain, Lactobacillus plantarum NJAU-01 screened from traditional dry-cured meat product Jinhua Ham in regulating D-galactose-induced subacute senescence of mice. A total of 48 specific pathogen free Kun Ming mice (SPF KM mice) were randomly allocated into 6 groups: control group with sterile saline injection, aging group with subcutaneously injection of D-galactose, treatments groups with injection of D-galactose and intragastric administration of 107, 108, and 109 CFU/mL L. plantarum NJAU-01, and positive control group with injection of D-galactose and intragastric administration of 1 mg/mL Vitamin C. Results The results showed that the treatment group of L. plantarum NJAU-01 at 109 CFU/mL showed higher total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) than those of the other groups in serum, heart and liver. In contrast, the content of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) showed lower levels than the other groups (P < 0.05). The antioxidant capacity was improved with the supplement of the increasing concentration of L. plantarum NJAU-01. Conclusions Thus, this study demonstrates that L. plantarum NJAU-01 can alleviate oxidative stress by increasing the activities of enzymes involved in oxidation resistance and decreasing level of lipid oxidation in mice.

scholarly journals The change of gut microbiota in MDD patients under SSRIs treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Shen ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Gaofei Li ◽  
Jiayu Gao ◽  
Ying Liang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Metabolic Functions

AbstractThe alterations in the gut microbiota have been reported to be correlated with the development of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of intestinal microbiota in depressed patients after antidepressant treatment. We recruited 30 MDD patients (MDD group) and 30 healthy controls (control group). The MDD group received individualized treatment with escitalopram at a maximum dose of 20 mg/day. After depressive symptoms improved to a HAMD scale score > 50%, a fecal sample was collected again and used as the follow-up group. The differences of gut microbiota between patients and controls, the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment and the potential differences in metabolic functions were thus investigated. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly different within three groups, and the ratio of follow-up group was significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Alpha diversity was significantly higher in MDD group than those of the other groups, and the alpha diversity was not significantly different between control and follow-up groups. The beta diversity of some patients resembled participants in the control group. The metabolic function of gut microbiota after treatment was still different from that of the control group. This study suggests that the intestinal flora of depressed patients has a tendency to return to normal under escitalopram treatment.

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