Attitudes toward Cheating: General and Specific

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1101-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Steininger
Keyword(s):  
College Freshmen ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
J Curve ◽  
Interest Level ◽  
Attitudes Toward Cheating ◽  
Situational Pressures

College freshmen were given one of two questionnaires, which asked how justified cheating would be in each of 32 situations. In one questionnaire, the situational variables were the interest level of the course, the meaningfulness of the tests, their difficulty, the teaching of the professor, and whether he leaves or stays during tests. In the other questionnaire, the variables were the warmth of the professor, the frequency with which he discovers cheating, the meaningfulness of the tests, whether they are essay or objective, and the student's grade in the course. The extent to which a student said cheating was justified was hypothesized to be a compromise between a negative attitude toward cheating in general and the need to defend it because situational pressures result in the temptation to cheat. The data showed the predicted J-curve of conformity for “good” situations, as well as the predicted deviation from this curve for “bad” situations. In contrast to previous data, it was found that the women said cheating was justified as often as and to the same degree as the men.

scholarly journals Emotionally evaluative attitude of parents in the high conflict families to each other and the child

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-141
Author(s):  
S.S. Kulakov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dysfunctional Families ◽  
Psychiatric Examination ◽  
High Conflict ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conflictual Relationship

The increasing number of dysfunctional families causes an increase in the number of civil litigation on the education of the child, where the relationship between the persons are highly conflictual. The actual task is study the one of components in the structure of the psychological relationship - emotional and semantic constructs underlying semantic perception of each other and the child's parents. Examination of 42 testees (parents) from harmonious families and 54 testees (parents) during the forensic psychological and psychiatric examination (regarding the definition of child`s residence or the order of meetings for the child and the parent who don`t live with it) by methods "Geometric test of relations" and "Semantic Differential" showed that in families where is highly conflictual relationship, there is positive assessments of herself and her child, while assessment of the spouse (wife) characterized inversion. This negative attitude toward the spouse (wife) is not the other parent's negative characteristics. It is the ignoring the other parent's positive characteristics. The positive acceptance of all family members was revealed in harmonious families.

scholarly journals What If the Cleft Child is Yours?

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Hazel Berret Wahlang
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small State ◽  
Operation Smile ◽  
The World ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate ◽  
Social Gathering ◽  
The Devil

<div><p><em>Every 3 minutes, a child is born with a cleft lip or cleft palate and make the child to suffer from hunger and thirst, difficulty with speech and social stigma (Operation Smile, n.d.). Yes, Cleft (lip/palate)<strong> </strong>is usually accompanied with stigma from the society especially when they lack information about it. When a baby is born into the world the whole family rejoices but in the case of the cleft (lip/palate)<strong> </strong>child the parents end up in shock and sadness. It even makes the parents and their families think that having a cleft child is a curse in itself. One of the factors that the parents’ of cleft (lip/palate) child limit themselves from taking their cleft (lip/palate) child to social gathering as they are scared that the society may have a negative attitude towards them. Assumptions about its cause make the parents difficult to adjust to the situation. People would talk behind them discussing about the cause of cleft (lip/palate)<strong> </strong>saying that their parents did something wrong that is the reason why their cleft child is the consequence.</em> <em>Twelve year old twins from a small state (Meghalaya) in India do not want to go to school or play with the other children because they were named as daughters of the devil and ugly simply because they were born with a cleft lip. </em></p></div>

Broke people, broken rules: Explaining welfare fraud investigators’ attributions

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-46
Author(s):  
Spencer Headworth
Keyword(s):  
Situational Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Us States ◽  
Normative Function ◽  
Rule Breaking ◽  
Welfare Fraud ◽  
Normative Factors ◽  
Dispositional Factors ◽  
Situational Pressures ◽  
Time And Energy

There is a notable contrast between welfare clients’ and welfare fraud investigators’ accounts of rule breaking behaviors. Clients describe some actions (or inactions) that constitute rule violations as accidental, and tend to attribute others to situational factors: program rules’ complexity, the exigencies of day-to-day subsistence, and time and energy limitations. Fraud investigators, on the other hand, are comparatively likely to identify rule breaking as deliberate and cite clients’ dispositions to explain the behavior. In part, this disparity reflects the “fundamental attribution error,” the tendency to overestimate dispositional factors’ role in driving others’ behavior. However, evidence from interviews with welfare fraud workers from five US states reveals the impactful administrative and normative factors that encourage them to make and assert attributions of intentionality and dispositional motivation. First, administrative priorities foreground intentional violations: federal authorities financially incentivize deliberate fraud charges, and managers favor these cases, which permit client suspensions and disqualifications. Second, emphasizing internal motivations over situational pressures serves a valuable normative function, establishing punished clients’ blameworthiness and thus defending the legitimacy of both individual fraud workers and the units they compose. These findings demonstrate how policy structures and enforcement practices do not just respond to blameworthy or legally culpable behavior, but help construct narratives of blameworthiness and culpability.

AXIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE TRANSFORMATION CONCEPT IN THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
H. O. Zvonko
Keyword(s):  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Research Show ◽  
Positive Evaluation

The axiological features of the TRANSFORMATION concept are identified and analyzed in the article. The identification of these features was based on contextual analysis. Axiological features are elements of meaning that represent the positive / negative attitude of the speaker to the conceptualized phenomenon as a whole or to its separate conceptual features, such as 1) immoral – moral, pretended – real; 2) backward – progressive, irrelevant – relevant, unpopular – popular; 3) evil – kind, aggressive – peaceful, dangerous – safe; 4) disharmonious – harmonious; 5) nasty – pleasant, hated – beloved; 6) traditional – innovative; 7) sick – healthy. The results of the research show that conceptual features with a positive evaluation usually do not have certain means of linguistic expression, most often their implementation is carried out in context. Semantic concordance of the nominates of the TRANSFORMATION concept with the words bad, evil, harmful, unattractive, aggressive, sick, disharmonious, etc. can be the means of expressing the speaker’s negative attitude to the described phenomenon of transformation. The obtained results indicate the predominance of a negative evaluation over a positive one. Features that express a negative evaluation are more diverse. They are presented in the denotative meaning of a number of lexical units, which indicates their importance in the objectification of the TRANSFORMATION concept. On the other hand, a positive evaluation of the described facts and phenomena is not always recorded. Axiological features of the concept belong to the peripheral zone of the field, or the interpretive field of the concept.

Progressivism and Traditionalism in Teachers' Attitudes towards Education

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. McAtee ◽  
Keith F. Punch
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
Western Australian

This paper analyses the pattern of responses of a representative sample of 841 Western Australian secondary school teachers to the Kerlinger Education Scale VII. The analysis shows clearly the two dimensional factor structure commonly postulated, with one factor bringing together the “progressive” educational referents, and the other bringing together the “traditional” educational referents. Interesting bivariate relationships, some of which may challenge conventional stereotypes, occur between scores on these orthogonal factors, and background variables of the teachers and situational variables of the schools. Not surprisingly, however, only a small proportion of the variation between teachers in progressivism and traditionalism can be accounted for by such variables.

scholarly journals A study about the interest level of preschool teacher candidates in environmental problems according to certain variablesOkul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çevre sorunlarına olan ilgi düzeylerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Erhan Alabay ◽  
Ömer Faruk Doğan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preschool Teacher ◽  
School Location ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Interest Level ◽  
Faculty Of Education

<p>The aim of this study is to identify the interest level of the preschool teacher candidates in the environment and to see if this interest is changing considering some variables. The sampling for this study constitutes of 108 preschool teacher candidates, who are studying in Selçuk University Ahmet Keleşoğlu Faculty of Education-Primary Instruction-Preschool Education. Quantitative research techniques were preferred and the study is based on Scanning Model in order to introduce current situation. The scale for the interest of teacher candidates in environment was used which was developed by Alım (2007). As a result of the study it came out that the level of interest of teacher candidates in environment differs meaningfully according to the independent variables: gender and participation in the activity about environment or nature. On the other hand, there aren’t any meaningful differences according to: the class they are studying in, type of high school, location where they spent their childhood and structure of this location, taking a course during his/her education about environment or nature.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çevreye olan ilgi düzeylerinin saptanması ve öğretmen adaylarının bazı değişkenlerine göre çevreye olan ilgilerinin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, Selçuk Üniversitesi Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fakültesi İlköğretim Bölümü Okul Öncesi Eğitimi Anabilim Dalında öğrenimlerini sürdürmekte olan 108 okul öncesi öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmamızda nicel araştırma yöntemi tercih edilmiş olup, mevcut durumu ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla tarama modeli temel alınmıştır. Okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının çevreye olan ilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için Alım (2007) tarafından geliştirilen Öğretmen Adaylarının Çevre Sorunlarına İlgileri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının çevreye olan ilgi düzeylerinin, cinsiyet ve çevre veya doğa ile ilgili etkinliğe katılma durumu değişkenleri ile anlamlı düzeyde farklılaştığı, öğretmen adaylarının sınıf, lise türü, çocukluğunu geçirdiği yerleşim yeri ve yapı türü ve öğrenim süreci boyunca çevre veya doğa ile ilgili ders alma durumuna göre de anlamlı farklılaşmanın olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.</p>

scholarly journals An examination of violence that students are exposed and students’ responses against violence according to their school levelsÖğrencilerin okul düzeylerine göre yaşadıkları şiddet ve bu şiddete karşı gösterdikleri tepkilerin incelenmesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1278
Author(s):  
Yüksel Gündüz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
English Summary ◽  
The Other ◽  
School Level ◽  
Screening Model ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
Academic Year

The purpose of this study is to reveal violence that students are exposed and students’ responses against violence according to their school levels. In this context, it has been searched for answers related to in which school level students are exposed to violence the most, the gender of teachers that engage in violence, the types of violence that students are exposed the most and what students’ responses against violence in school level are. This research was carried out using general screening model. The sample of this research consists of 615 voluntary students that took education of pedagogical proficiency in Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Education in 2015-2016 Academic year. Four surveys developed by researcher and prepared with expert opinion were used to obtain data. When examined the findings of this research, it can be seen that violence exists in the first five years of primary education the most while it exists in higher education the least. The other finding is that male teachers engage in much more violence to their students. Hitting hands with a stick, slapping face, pulling ear, hitting fingers with a ruler and standing on one foot are emerged as types of violence. Students exhibit behaviors as keeping silent, adopting negative attitude, being uninterested in lessons, sulking, being disrespectful, showing grudge or hatred against violence. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetYapılan çalışmanın amacı, okul düzeylerine göre öğrencilerin yaşadıkları şiddet ve bu şiddete karşı gösterdikleri tepkilerin neler olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda, öğrencilerin şiddeti en çok yaşadıkları eğitim düzeyinin, şiddet uygulayan öğretmenlerin cinsiyetinin, en çok uğranılan şiddet türünün ve uygulanan şiddete karşı okul düzeyinde gösterilen tepkilerin neler olduğuna ilişkin sorulara yanıt aranmıştır. Araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi bünyesinde yapılan pedagojik formasyon eğitimi alan 615 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen ve uzman görüşü alınarak hazırlanan 4 anket kullanılmıştır. Bulgularına bakıldığında: En çok şiddet ilköğretimin ilk 5 yılında, en az şiddet yükseköğretim düzeyinde yaşanmıştır. Erkek öğretmenlerin daha çok şiddet uyguladığı görülmektedir. Şiddet türü olarak, ele sopayla vurma, yüze tokat atma, kulak çekme, cetvelle parmak uçlarına vurma, tek ayaküstünde durdurmanın uygulandığı görülmektedir. Öğrenciler şiddete karşı,  sessiz kalma, olumsuz tavır takınma, derse ilgisiz kalma, küsme, saygı göstermeme, kin ve nefret gösterme davranışlarında bulunmuşlardır.

scholarly journals Let Us Not Leave Our Homeland: Anti-Emigration Activities of Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas

Lituanistica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiva Dapkutė
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Christian Democratic Union ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Emigration Policy ◽  
Considerable Loss

Mass emigration of Lithuanians at the end of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twentieth century became not only a considerable loss to Lithuania but also a serious concern for the leaders of the national rebirth movement (e.g., Jonas Šliūpas, Vincas Kudirka, Jonas Basanavičius, Antanas Smetona, and others), who frequently expressed their negative attitude towards emigration. An active anti-emigration campaign took place in Lithuania, and the press urged Lithuanians to stay in their homeland and not to go to the USA, while those who had already emigrated were implored to return to Lithuania. One of the most significant representatives of the anti-emigration policy was Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas, a writer and one of the founders of the Lithuanian Christian-Democratic Union. In 1911, he and priest Konstantinas Olšauskas visited the USA where they collected donations for the construction of the “Saulė” Catholic gymnasium in Kaunas. After visiting most of the Lithuanian colonies, Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas was well acquainted with the difficult situation of the immigrants and urged them not to forget Lithuania and return home. Upon return to Lithuania, he gave approximately thirty anti-emigration speeches in various cities and towns, in which he spoke about the difficult life of the immigrants and urged people not to leave for America. In 1912, he published the book Ten gera kur mūsų nėra arba neapleiskime Lietuvos (The Grass Is Greener on the Other Side or Let Us Not Leave Our Homeland) in which he attempted to prove that immigrants did not become spiritually richer in exile, while emigration impoverished Lithuania.

The Image of “Other” as Viewed by a Rusin Woman: Interethnic Issues in Olha Kobylianska’s Ego-Documents

Rusin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 190-205
Author(s):  
О.А. Drach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Good Education ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stereotypical Image

The study of interethnic relations through the prism of ego-documents provides an opportunity to identify dominant ethnic stereotypes and restore the authentic image of the “Other”. The relevance of this approach to the history of Rusins derives from the ethno-confessional diversity of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The source base of the research engages the diaries of an aspiring writer Olha Kobylianska. In Câmpulung, Bukovina, Rusins contacted with Jews, Germans, Poles, and Romanians in their everyday life, with Jews being most frequently mentioned nation in Olha’s writings. The stereotypical image of the Jew implies their de-individualization, expressed by means of the semantics of collectiveness, emphasizing the ultimate isolation of the nation. The fact that she was in love with a Jew and hoped to marry him did not preclude the condemnatory connotations in the Jewish discourse. Germans in her diaries are young men, whose attractive appearance emphasizes their professionalism, cultural sensitivity, good education, intelligence, and morality. Kobylianska thought the “Other” from Germany to be able to outshine everyone around him. The Poles are represented by the Serbinkys Catholic family, whose neighbourship with the Kobylianska’s family determined the homelike relationship and positive tone. The Catholic priest and officer, who epitomize the nation in the diaries, are endowed with natural beauty, classical proportions, culturalness, and good manners. Emotionally, the girl’s ego-narrative demonstrates a negative attitude towards Romanians, whose indecent behaviour is interpreted by Kobylianska as humiliation based on ethnicity.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Talbert ◽  
Jessica Wolfendale
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The One ◽  
Situational Pressures

IN THE IRAQI TOWN of Haditha in 2005, US Marines killed 24 Iraqi civilians, including women and children. Charges against six Marines were dropped and a seventh was acquitted. How should we assess this and similar incidents? On the one hand, punishing the Marines might be unreasonable since they were subject to extreme situational pressures leading up to the massacre, including combat stress, exposure to constant attacks, and the loss of one of their own. On the other hand, perhaps they ...

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