Assessment of Pathological Gamblers Who Use Slot Machines

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. González-Ibáñez ◽  
M. N. Aymamí ◽  
S. Jiménez ◽  
J. M. Domenech ◽  
R. Granero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Interpersonal Sensitivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
Cluster 2

The aim of the present study was to classify pathological gamblers based on their psychopathology as related to the variable sensation-seeking, and to check possible differences between the groups on the sociodemographic variables. The sample was composed of 110 male pathological gamblers using slot machines who requested treatment at the Pathological Gambling Unit at the Ciutat Sanitària i Universitària de Bellvitge. It was observed that pathological gamblers comprise three clusters, differentiated with differing severity depression, psychoticism, somatization, impulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, and phobic anxiety. Cluster 1, representing 46.7% of the sample, showed mean scores higher than or equal to T = 63. On the subscales of Depression, Psychoticism, Interpersonal Sensidvity, Phobic Anxiety, and Obsessiveness–Compulsiveness the score was close to T = 63 (the clinical cut-off score). Cluster 2, representing 23.8% of the sample, scored higher than Cluster 1 on the following subscales: Depression, Phobic Anxiety, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Psychoticism, Obsessive–Compulsive, and Somatization. On Cluster 3 highest mean scores were observed on all SCL-90-R dimensions relative to the other two groups. What distinguished these subgroups is not symptomatology but the severity of the psychopathology. On the other hand, sensation seeking was similar for the three clusters, and the slight differences depended on the subjects' psychopathology.

Pathological Gamblers are Neither Impulsive Nor Sensation—Seekers

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive C. Allcock ◽  
David M. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Sensation Seeking Scale

Ten pathological gamblers, ten alcoholics, ten heroin addicts and twenty five non-patients were compared using Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) and Barratt's Impulsivity Scale (BIS). The pathological gamblers did not differ from the non-patient group on either measure. Drug addicts scored significantly higher and alcoholics significantly lower than the pathological gamblers and the non-patient group on the SSS, while drug addicts scored significantly higher than the other groups on the BIS. The difficulties in defining impulsivity are discussed. It is suggested that the classification of pathological gambling as a disorder of impulse control should be reconsidered.

A Cross Cultural Study of Mental Health among Internet Addicted and Non-Internet Addicted: Iranian and Indian Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Esmaeilivand ◽  
Fereshteh Jalalvandi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Mohammadi ◽  
Shima Parandin ◽  
Parvin Taghizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interpersonal Sensitivity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
Indian Students

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> In the background of increasing use of internet in Asian countries, the study of psychological health in internet addicted users seems to be vital and necessary. Therefore the present study aimed to determine mental health among internet addicted and non-internet addicted Iranian and Indian students.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 students in various colleges from Pune and Mumbai cities of Maharashtra. Internet Addiction Test and Symptom Check List (SCL) 90-R were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Internet addicted students were higher on Somatization, Obsessive-compulsive, Interpersonal sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety, Hostility, Phobic anxiety, Paranoid ideation, Psychoticism than Non-internet addicted students (P&lt;0.05). Indian students had higher score on mental health domains compared to Iranian students (P&lt;0.05). Female students had higher scores on Somatization, Obsessive-compulsive, Anxiety, Hostility, Phobic anxiety and Psychoticism than male students (P&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Psychiatrists and psychologists who are active in the field of mental hygiene must be aware of mental problems associated with Internet addiction such as depression, anxiety, obsession, hypochondria, paranoia, interpersonal sensitivity, and job and educational dissatisfaction among Internet addicts.</p>

Male and Female Pathological Gamblers: Bet in a Different Way and Show Different Mental Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominica Díez ◽  
Núria Aragay ◽  
Mercè Soms ◽  
Gemma Prat ◽  
Miquel Casas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pathological Gamblers

AbstractAlthough in the last years several studies comparing male and female pathological gamblers have been published, most of them have been carried out using only samples of males. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in a sample of subjects diagnosed with pathological gambling (PG) attending three specialized outpatient units. Retrospective study was carried out of 96 patients (49% female and 51% male), comparing the main socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral data. Most subjects (94%) met the criteria for pathological gambling. No significant differences between sexes were found in the severity of gambling behavior or the socio-demographic variables studied. Whereas slot machines were the main type of game for most subjects, a higher percentage of women were addicted to bingo (χ2(1, 4)= 5.19,p =.029 Cohen’sd= 0.48) and had more than one type of game as a secondary addiction χ2(1, 4)= 7.63,p =.006; Cohen’sd =0.59) . Women started gambling at a later age than men (t(94)= 2.95,p= .004; Cohen’sd =0.60), but developed a pattern of addiction faster (t(94)= 2.95,p= .004; Cohen’sd =–0.61) . Women also had higher comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders (χ2(1)= 7.28,p =.007; Cohen’sd =0.57), specifically with affective (χ2(1)= 11.31,p =.001; Cohen’sd =0.73) and personality disorders (χ2(1)= 4.71,p =.030; Cohen’sd =0.45). Our results indicate the existence of differences between women and men in the pattern of gambling behavior and in psychiatric comorbidity. These aspects should be considered in the design of treatment programs for pathological gamblers.

Pathological Gambling in Spanish Children and Adolescents: An Emerging Problem

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisardo Becoña
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Children ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Representative Samples

Several studies have shown a high prevalence of pathological gamblers among adults in Spain (between 1.5% and 1.7%) of the population (18 years and older). In other countries the prevalence of pathological gambling in children and adolescents has been higher than in adults. Here some results of the first studies conducted in Spain concerning the prevalence of pathological gambling in school children and adolescents (11–16 years) are presented for two cities located in different northern regions of Spain, A Coruña (Galicia) and Gijón (Asturias), with representative samples of school children. The prevalence was 2.2% ( n = 1,200) and 1.6% ( n = 2,185), respectively, for the use of slot machines, using the 1993 DSM-IVJ Questionnaire of Fisher, and 2.4% in the first city with the South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised Adolescent for all types of gambling. The analyses suggest there is an emerging problem among children and adolescents in Spain perhaps leading to an increased number of pathological gamblers as adults.

Comparison of Imaginal Desensitisation with other Behavioural Treatments of Pathological Gambling a Two- to Nine-Year Follow-up

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel McConaghy ◽  
Alexander Blaszczynski ◽  
Anna Frankova
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Therapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pathological Gamblers

Of 120 pathological gamblers randomly allocated to imaginal desensitisation (ID) or to other behavioural procedures (60 to each group, all procedures administered over one week) 63 subjects were contacted two to nine years later. Twenty-six of the 33 who received ID reported control or cessation of gambling compared with 16 of 30 who received other behavioural procedures. This difference was significant, indicating ID had a specific effect additional to that of the other behavioural procedures. It is suggested the other procedures could be regarded as placebos. As the response at a mean of over five years to one week of ID is comparable with that reported to more intensive therapies, after briefer follow-up, it is suggested ID is a cost-effective therapy for pathological gambling, and is worth considering when resources are limited.

scholarly journals The Influence of Physical and Mental Exercises on the Mental Health of Middle-Aged and Old People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Huang ◽  
Bin Han ◽  
Fada Wan ◽  
Guangxin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Sensitivity ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Old People ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
Influence Effect

Abstract BackgroundTo evaluate the influence effect of physical and mental exercises on the mental health of the middle-aged and old people by using Meta analysis method. MethodsRetrieve databases such as CNKI, WanFang data, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, Pubmed, Scopus, web of science, etc. to collect randomized controlled trials of the effect of physical and mental exercises on the mental health of the middle-aged and old people. ResultsThe effects of physical and mental exercises on the somatization and obsessive-compulsive symptoms of middle-aged and old women belongs to a medium effect, and their influence effect on symptoms such as interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation belongs to a small effect. The effects of physical and mental exercises on the middle-aged people is greater than that of the old people for symptoms such as obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and hostility, which belongs to a small-to-medium effect. For the symptoms such as somatization, anxiety, and paranoid ideation, the influence effect of physical and mental exercises on the old is greater than that of the middle-aged, which belongs to a small-to-medium effect. The effects of physical and mental exercises for 45-60 minutes each time, 3 times a week, lasting 12-20 weeks on the middle-aged and old for symptoms such as somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation is significant, which belongs to a small-to-medium effect. The effects of Tai Chi exercise on somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoia and other symptoms of middle-aged and elderly people were small to medium. ConclusionPhysical and mental exercises have a small-to-medium effect on the middle-aged and old people for the symptoms such as somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, and paranoid ideation, but they have no significant effect on psychosis.

Epidemiology and Phenomenology of Pathological Gambling

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Clark
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Biopsychosocial Theory ◽  
Categorical Models

Pathological gambling is an impulse control disorder (ICD) characterized by loss of control over gambling behavior. This chapter will describe the illness profile of pathological gambling. As well as summarizing the epidemiological data on the prevalence of pathological gambling and its associated comorbidities, I will also consider (1) the classificatory overlap between pathological gambling, the substance use disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder; (2) the emerging evidence for dimensional rather than categorical models of disordered gambling; and (3) some of the sources of hererogeneity among pathological gamblers, including the differences between common games. In the second part of the chapter, I will review several sets of psychological and neurobiological factors that are implicated in the etiology of pathological gambling, including the role of physiological arousal (“excitement”), conditioning influences, cognitive distortions, personality trait variables, and neuropsychological and neuroimaging markers. These mechanisms are often complementary, and a biopsychosocial theory of gambling will incorporate multiple levels of explanation.

A Meta-Analysis Examining the Relations among Pathological Gambling, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Obsessive-Compulsive Traits

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Durdle ◽  
Kevin M. Gorey ◽  
Sherry H. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Disorder Effect ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

Pathological gambling has been proposed to belong to the obsessive-compulsive spectrum of disorders. Disorders on this spectrum are thought to share similar clinical features, neurobiology, and responses to treatment as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. A total of 18 studies were included in a meta-analysis to assess the strength of the association between these disorders. A strong relationship (effect size = 1. 01) was found between pathological gambling and obsessive-compulsive traits. A weak relationship was found between pathological gambling and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (.07) and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (effect size = .23). These results suggest pathological gambling and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder are distinct disorders. However, pathological gamblers do appear to show high rates of obsessive-compulsive traits relative to controls. These findings are only moderately supportive of the inclusion of pathological gambling within the obsessive-compulsive spectrum of conditions.

Pathological Gambling and Depression

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisardo Becoña ◽  
María Del Carmen Lorenzo ◽  
María José Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Dsm Iv

A number of previous studies have indicated that pathological gambling is often associated with depression. Equally, a number of theoretical models of pathological gambling have included depression as a key variable. Here we report a study of depression in pathological gamblers identified within a random sample of 1,615 adults living in the major cities of Galicia (northwest Spain). Pathological gamblers were identified on DSM–IV diagnostic criteria. Depression was evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory, subjects being classified ‘depressive’ if they obtained a score of 18 or more. Of 19 pathological gamblers who completed the Beck Depression Inventory, 21% were depressive; by contrast, only 9% of the other subjects were depressive. The Beck scores of pathological gamblers were positively correlated with the severity of their addiction as indicated by the number of DSM–IV-specified symptoms reported.

scholarly journals Specific psychopathological symptoms in patients with alcoholism, psychotrauma, premature and mental disorders

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Interpersonal Sensitivity ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
Paranoid Symptoms

In order to understand the ways of modification of existing therapeutic and rehabilitation strategies taking into account the confounding stressaction on the specificity of psychopathological manifestations in persons with alcohol dependence, an analysis of the peculiarities of the severity and clinical variability of psychopathological symptoms in persons with different psychotraumatic experiences and levels of psychosocial stress was conducted. It was established that the severity of the symptoms of alcohol dependence directly correlates with the expressiveness of manifestations of depression, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive and paranoid symptoms, phobic anxiety, psychoticism and somatization, which, in its turn, has a close interdependence with the level of psychosocial stress. In combatants, a significant increase in the severity of psychopathological symptoms with an increase in the level of psychosocial stress, and, accordingly, the severity of alcohol dependence, is observed on the basis of depression and obsessive-compulsive response, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity and psychoticism. Reducing severity of psychopathological manifestations with increasing stress was recorded as manifestations of hostility. The growth of expressiveness of paranoyality occurs in cases of mild or severe stress, with a decrease at a moderate level of psychosocial stress. In displaced persons with alcohol dependence, there is a reliable tendency to increasing the expressiveness of manifestations of depression, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoyality and psychoticism with an increase in the level of stress. For the local inhabitants with alcohol dependence, the regularity of increase of expressiveness of all investigated psychopathological manifestations combining with increase of severity of psychosocial stress is characteristic. Among persons with alcohol dependence with the corresponding level of psychosocial stress, the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, manifestations of interpersonal sensitivity and phobic anxiety is greater among combatants and displaced persons; hostility and paranoyality - in combatants; depression - indisplaced persons. The obtained data allow to state that an important factor determining the peculiarities of the severity and variety of psychopathological symptoms in persons with alcohol dependence is the severity of the pathological influence of the psychotraumatic experience and the level of psychosocial stress.

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