scholarly journals The Effect of Laurel Leaf Extract Against Toxicity Induced by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin in Cultured Rat Hepatocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Turkez ◽  
Fatime Geyikoglu
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cultured Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Tetrachlorodibenzo P Dioxin ◽  
Dose Dependent

The Effect of Laurel Leaf Extract Against Toxicity Induced by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin in Cultured Rat Hepatocytes2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a very toxic environmental pollutant that raises great public concern about its impact on human health. Recent studies indicate that laurel leaf extract exhibits antioxidant properties that can counter the toxic effects of certain compounds in the liver. The aim of this study was to assess how effective LE is against the toxicity of TCDD in a primary culture of rat hepatocytes. The extract (50 mg L-1, 100 mg L-1, and 200 mg L-1) was added to cultures alone or with TCDD (1.61 mg L-1 and 3.22 mg L-1) for 48 hours. Cell viability was measured using the [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay, while oxidative damage was assessed by measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS). DNA damage was also analysed using the micronucleus (MN) assay of the cultured hepatocytes. TCDD alone lowered, and laurel extract had no effect on cell viability. TCDD also increased TOS and significantly decreased TAC. It significantly increased the frequency of micronucleated hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In cultures exposed to LE alone, TOS did not change and TAC significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Added to TCDD, laurel countered its toxic effects and showed protective effects against TCDD-mediated DNA damage. This points to the therapeutic potential of laurel against TCDD toxicity in the liver.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effects of Air Freshener Biocides in Lung Epithelial Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800
Author(s):  
Jung-Taek Kwon ◽  
Mimi Lee ◽  
Gun-Baek Seo ◽  
Hyun-Mi Kim ◽  
Ilseob Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
A549 Lung

This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of mixtures of citral (CTR) and either benzisothiazolinone (BIT, Mix-CTR-BIT) or triclosan (TCS, Mix-CTR-TCS) in human A549 lung epithelial cells. We investigated the effects of various mix ratios of these common air freshener ingredients on cell viability, cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and DNA damage. Mix-CTR-BIT and Mix-CTR-TCS significantly decreased the viability of lung epithelial cells and inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, both mixtures increased ROS generation, compared to that observed in control cells. In particular, cell viability, growth, and morphology were affected upon increase in the proportion of BIT or TCS in the mixture. However, comet analysis showed that treatment of cells with Mix-CTR-BIT or Mix-CTR-TCS did not increase DNA damage. Taken together, these data suggested that increasing the content of biocides in air fresheners might induce cytotoxicity, and that screening these compounds using lung epithelial cells may contribute to hazard assessment.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine induced oxidative injury on primary cultured rat hepatocytes

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
LiLi Ji ◽  
TianYu Liu ◽  
ZhengTao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid ◽  
Oxidative Injury ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Cultured Rat Hepatocytes

Clivorine is an otonecine-type hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (HPAs), to which humans are exposed when consuming herbs containing such components. In the present study, we investigated clivorine-induced oxidative stress injury on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Rat hepatocytes were treated with various concentrations of clivorine (1—100 μM) for 48 hours, and then cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The results of MTT assay showed that clivorine decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Clivorine also increased LPO amounts in rat hepatocytes at the concentrations of 50 μM and 100 μM. Further results showed that clivorine decreased GPx, GST and GR activities, which are all reduced glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidant enzymes. CAT and SOD are both important antioxidant enzymes, and the results showed that clivorine increased CAT activity at the low concentration of 5 μM and decreased cellular SOD activity at all concentrations. Taken together, our results demonstrated that clivorine induced toxicity on primary cultured rat hepatocytes by causing the damage on cellular redox balance.

In vitro effects of two major phenolic compounds from the family Lamiaceae plants on the human gastric carcinoma cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 525-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Günes-Bayir ◽  
Abdurrahim Kocyigit ◽  
Eray Metin Güler
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ags Cells ◽  
Human Gastric Carcinoma ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dose Dependent

Phenolic compounds of essential oils from the family Lamiaceae are commonly used substances in the food industry because of their flavouring, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In this context, it has become important to have healthy and safe products for consumers who are exposed to these phenolic compounds. The present study was aimed to investigate the toxic effects of carvacrol, thymol and their mixture on human gastric carcinoma (AGS) cells. Cells were analyzed after 24 h of exposure to different concentrations of carvacrol, thymol and their mixture by the ATP cell viability, 2′,7′ dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA), reducte glutatione/oxide glutathione ((GSH)/GSSG-Glo) and comet assays. Apoptosis induction was studied by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and western blotting. Carvacrol, thymol and their mixture induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, apoptosis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased GSH levels after 24 h of their exposure in a dose-dependent manner. A close negative relationship was found between cell viability and ROS generation. We examined dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of carvacrol, thymol and their mixture in human AGS cells. Increased intracellular ROS causes oxidative stress in cells. The results indicated that these compounds should be used carefully in the food industry.

Amelioration of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Citrus Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
Jin Xuezhu ◽  
Li Jitong ◽  
Nie Leigang ◽  
Xue Junlai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Citrus Leaf ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of citrus leaf extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and its potential molecular mechanism. Carbon tetrachloride was used to construct hepatic injury animal model. To this end, rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, carbon tetrachloride-treated, and two carbon tetrachloride + citrus leaf extract-treated groups. The results show that citrus leaf extract treatment significantly reversed the effects of carbon tetrachloride on the body weight changes and liver index. Besides, treatment with citrus leaf extract also reduced the levels of serum liver enzymes and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. H&E staining and western blotting suggested that citrus leaf extract could repair liver histological damage by regulating AMPK and Nrf-2.

Evaluation of diuretic and antioxidant properties in aqueous bark and fruit extracts of pine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Shariati ◽  
Mohammad Hassanpour ◽  
Gholamreza Sharifzadeh ◽  
Asghar Zarban ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The present study has been carried out to evaluate the diuretic and antioxidant properties of pine herb in an animal model. Materials and Methods: 45 adult male rats were randomly divided into nine groups including: groups I (the negative control), groups II (positive control, furosemide 10 mg/kg), groups III to VIII (treatment groups received 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of the aqueous extracts of bark and fruit) and group IX received the combination of aqueous extract of bark (100 mg/kg) and the fruit (100 mg/kg). The urine output, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), electrolytes, urea, and creatinine levels were evaluated . Furthermore, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of both extracts were also assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. Results: The aqueous extracts of the pine bark and fruit increased the urinary output in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of the two extracts compared to the other extracts alone significantly increased the serum potassium level. This study also showed each extract increase creatinine clearance in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01 and p<0.05). The increase of GFR in the combination group was not significant. The current data showed a significant increase in the total phenolic content in pine bark extract in compared with the fruit extract. Conclusion: The pine bark and fruit can be useful in the prevention and treatment of kidney stones due to the high antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Effects of ambient particulate matter on a reconstructed human corneal epithelium model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Ko ◽  
Masahiko Hayashi ◽  
Miho Tanaka ◽  
Tomoaki Okuda ◽  
Chiharu Nishita-Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Human Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) on the corneal epithelium using a reconstructed human corneal epithelium (HCE) model. We collected two PM size fractions [aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.4 µm: PM0.3–2.4 and larger than 2.4 µm: PM>2.4] and exposed these tissues to PM concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL for 24 h. After exposure, cell viability and interleukin (IL) IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined, and haematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining of the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were performed on tissue sections. In addition, the effects of a certified reference material of urban aerosols (UA; 100 µg/mL) were also examined as a reference. The viability of cells exposed to 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4 decreased to 76.2% ± 7.4 and 75.4% ± 16.1, respectively, whereas PM0.3–2.4 exposure had a limited effect on cell viability. These particles did not increase IL-6 and IL-8 levels significantly even though cell viability was decreased in 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4. ZO-1 expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in all groups. Reconstructed HCE could be used as an in vitro model to study the effects of environmental PM exposure on ocular surface cell viability and inflammation.

The Use of Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes for the Assessment of Xenobiotic Effects on Biotransformation

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
Gabi Schepers ◽  
Christiane Aschmann ◽  
Sabine Mörchel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Chlorinated Phenols ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Cultured Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Different Response

An in vitro test protocol is reported, which, using primary cultured rat hepatocytes, allows for the screening of xenobiotic effects on biotransformation as well as on basal cellular functions. O-Deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin (7-EC) and subsequent conjugation of the metabolite 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC) with sulphate or glucuronic acid are determined, as representative parameters for the hepatic biotransformation. Cell viability is examined by measuring cellular ATP content and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase. With respect to immediate and delayed effects on biotransformation reactions, the standard test protocol includes exposure to xenobiotics for 1, 24 and 48 hours. Different response patterns could be demonstrated for the solvents dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), and the chlorinated phenols, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and hexachlorophene (HCP), which are known to uncouple mitochondrial respiration. Short-term incubation with the solvents resulted in decreased 7-EC- O-deethylation without signs of cytotoxicity. PCP and HCP inhibited 7-EC- O-deethylation and 7-HC-conjugation, affecting sulphate and glucuronide formation differently. 24-hour exposures to PCP and HCP resulted in decreased 7-ethoxycoumarin- O-deethylase activity, which correlated with diminished cell viability, while DMSO and DMF enhanced 7-EC- O-deethylation at sub-cytotoxic concentrations. After exposure for 48 hours to the solvents, enzyme induction was even more pronounced.

scholarly journals The Olive Leaves Extract Has Anti-Tumor Effects against Neuroblastoma through Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2178
Author(s):  
Fabio Morandi ◽  
Veronica Bensa ◽  
Enzo Calarco ◽  
Fabio Pastorino ◽  
Patrizia Perri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis ◽  
Dose Dependent

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of pediatric age. The prognosis for high-risk NB patients remains poor, and new treatment strategies are desirable. The olive leaf extract (OLE) is constituted by phenolic compounds, whose health beneficial effects were reported. Here, the anti-tumor effects of OLE were investigated in vitro on a panel of NB cell lines in terms of (i) reduction of cell viability; (ii) inhibition of cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest; (iii) induction of apoptosis; and (iv) inhibition of cell migration. Furthermore, cytotoxicity experiments, by combining OLE with the chemotherapeutic topotecan, were also performed. OLE reduced the cell viability of NB cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner in 2D and 3D models. NB cells exposed to OLE underwent inhibition of cell proliferation, which was characterized by an arrest of the cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase and by the accumulation of cells in the sub-G0 phase, which is peculiar of apoptotic death. This was confirmed by a dose-dependent increase of Annexin V+ cells (peculiar of apoptosis) and upregulation of caspases 3 and 7 protein levels. Moreover, OLE inhibited the migration of NB cells. Finally, the anti-tumor efficacy of the chemotherapeutic topotecan, in terms of cell viability reduction, was greatly enhanced by its combination with OLE. In conclusion, OLE has anti-tumor activity against NB by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration and by inducing apoptosis.

scholarly journals Antidiarrheal Activity of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (Melastomataceae) Leaf Extract in Wistar Rats and Subacute Toxicity Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alian Désiré Afagnigni ◽  
Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue ◽  
Chantal Florentine Ndoye Foe ◽  
Youchahou Njankouo Ndam ◽  
Frédéric Nico Njayou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The present work was undertaken to evaluate antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana (D. multiflora) on Shigella flexneri-induced diarrhea in Wistar rats and its subacute toxicity. Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 1.2 × 109 cells/mL S. flexneri to rats. Antidiarrheal activity was investigated in rats with the doses of 111.42 mg/kg, 222.84 mg/kg, and 445.68 mg/kg. The level of biochemical parameters was assessed and organs histology examined by 14 days’ subacute toxicity. S. flexneri stool load decreased significantly in dose-dependent manner. The level of ALT increased (p<0.05) in male rats treated with the dose of 445.68 mg/kg while creatinine level increased in rats treated with both doses. In female rats, a significant decrease (p<0.05) of the level of AST and creatinine was noted in rats treated with the dose of 222.84 mg/kg of D. multiflora. Histological exams of kidney and liver of treated rats showed architectural modifications at the dose of 445.68 mg/kg. This finding suggests that D. multiflora leaf extract is efficient against diarrhea caused by S. flexneri but the treatment with doses lower than 222.84 mg/kg is recommended while further study is required to define the exact efficient nontoxic dose.

scholarly journals The acylation of proteins by xenobiotic amphipathic carboxylic acids in cultured rat hepatocytes

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Hertz ◽  
J Bar−Tana
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Protein Adducts ◽  
Cultured Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Acylated Proteins ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Protein Acylation

Three xenobiotic amphipathic carboxylates, namely MEDICA 16, nafenopin and bezafibrate, which differ remarkably in their hydrophobic backbones, were found to acylate membrane and cytosolic liver proteins in cultured rat hepatocytes. The acylation patterns observed were time- and dose-dependent, and the acylated residue consisted of the original xenobiotic. The acylation patterns generated by the three xenobiotic carboxylates included common proteins which were acylated by the three xenobiotics (e.g. proteins of 32, 52, 56 and 72 kDa) as well as unique proteins which were specifically acylated by the respective xenobiotics. The acylation of liver proteins by either MEDICA 16 or nafenopin remained unaffected under conditions where protein synthesis was completely inhibited by cycloheximide. Protein acylation thus offers a common mode of action of xenobiotic amphipathic carboxylates, which may, however, result in diverse xenobiotyl-protein adducts. The xenobiotyl-acylated proteins might be involved in triggering some of the biological effects exerted by xenobiotic amphipathic carboxylates employed as hypolipidaemic effectors, peroxisomal proliferators or preadipocyte convertors.

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