scholarly journals Electrical conductivity of low-temperature sodium-potassium cryolite melts

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emília Kubiňáková ◽  
Ján Híveš ◽  
Vladimír Danielik ◽  
Andrea Červenková ◽  
Michaela Benköová
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Potassium Fluoride ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Potassium Cryolite ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Tube Type ◽  
Constant Distance ◽  
Electrolyte Resistance

Abstract Electrical conductivity of NaF-KF-AlF3 melts with different ratios of sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride was measured using a pyrolytic boron nitride tube-type cell with constant distance of electrodes. Molar cryolite ratios MR = (n(NaF) + n(KF))/n(AlF3) varied from 1.5 to 1.2 (with a step 0.1) in the temperature range of (675—900) °C. AC-techniques with a sine wave signal with small amplitude in the high frequency range were applied. Electrolyte resistance was obtained from nonlinear regression analysis according to equivalent circuit. Concentration and temperature dependency of electrical conductivity was described and defined. Experimental data were compared with literary sources and regression equations.

scholarly journals Electrical conductivity of molten fluoride-oxide melts with high addition of aluminium fluoride

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emília Kubiňáková ◽  
Ján Híveš ◽  
Vladimír Danielik
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Fluoride Melts ◽  
Aluminium Fluoride ◽  
Molten Fluoride ◽  
Tube Type ◽  
Constant Distance ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Electrolyte Resistance ◽  
Oxide Melts

Abstract Electrical conductivity of NaF-AlF3 melts with an addition of 2 wt % Al2O3 and/or 5 wt % CaF2 was measured using a pyrolytic boron nitride tube-type cell with a constant distance of electrodes. The molar cryolite ratios MR = n(NaF)/n(AlF3) were 1.8 and 1.6, and the temperature was varied from 865 °C to 1005 °C. Ac-techniques with a sine wave signal with small amplitude in the high frequency range were applied. Electrolyte resistance was obtained from nonlinear regression analysis according to equivalent circuit. Experimental data were used to describe the dependence of the electrical conductivity in fluoride melts with lower temperature on the amount of various additions and temperature.

Methodology of Estimation of Fire Separation Distances between Construction Facilities by Calculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1006 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Vadym Nizhnyk ◽  
Yurii Feshchuk ◽  
Volodymyr Borovykov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Tabular Method

Based on analysis of appropriate literary sources we established that estimation of fire separation distances was based of two criteria: heat flux and temperature. We proposed to use “ignition temperature of materials” as principal criterion when determining fire separation distances between adjacent construction facilities. Based on the results derived while performing complete factorial we created mathematical model to describe trend of changing fire separation distances depending on caloric power of fire load (Q), openings factor of the external enclosing structures (k) and duration of irradiation (t); moreover, its adequacy was confirmed. Based on linear regression equations we substantiated calculation and tabular method for the determination of fire separation distances for a facility being irradiated which contains combustible or otherwise non-combustible façade and a facility where liquid oil products turn. We developed and proposed general methodology for estimation of fire separation distances between construction facilities by calculation.

scholarly journals The Correlation and Regression Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters of River Water for the Evaluation of Percentage Contribution to Electrical Conductivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Nabin Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Percentage Contribution ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Standard Procedures

Ten different water samples were collected from Ratuwa River and its tributaries. The laboratory test was carried out by standard procedures (APHA methods), and the measured values were compared with the Nepal standard recommended by Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS). Statistical analysis also had been used to calculate the correlation coefficients and to plot the regression equations of various parameters with electrical conductivity. The aim of the study was to identify the parameters that affect the electrical conductivity and evaluate the percentage contribution of these parameters. The correlation matrix shows that color, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F), total phosphorus (TP), total alkalinity (TA), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and dissolved oxygen (DO) have a significant effect on the electrical conductivity (EC). Among these parameters, TDS has the highest contribution (39.65%) followed by total alkalinity (23.5%), total hardness (19.9%), chlorine (6.5%), and calcium (5.5%) ions, respectively. However, color, TP, fluoride, and DO have almost 1.45% contribution to the electrical conductivity.

Uses of winery and distillery effluents in agriculture: characterisation of nutrient and hazardous components

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Bustamante ◽  
C. Paredes ◽  
R. Moral ◽  
J. Moreno-Caselles ◽  
A. Pérez-Espinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Potential Density ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Metal Contents

Twenty-one samples of winery and distillery effluents were collected from different Spanish winery and distillery industries. Electrical conductivity, pH, redox potential, density, organic charge (chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total, volatile and suspended solids, oxidisable organic C and polyphenols) and contents of plant nutrients and heavy metals were analysed. The aim of this work was to study the composition of these effluents and to find relationships which would make it possible to use easily determined parameters to estimate their composition. The winery wastewater (WW) and vinasse (V) showed an acidic pH, a high organic load and notable polyphenol, macronutrient, micronutrient and heavy metal contents. Some of these properties are not compatible with agricultural requirements; therefore, conditioning treatment of these liquid wastes is necessary to produce a safe, stable and easily manageable end product. Generally, in both effluent types, significant correlations were found between easily analysable parameters, such as suspended, volatile and total solids, pH, electrical conductivity, density and redox potential, and most of the parameters studied. The linear regression equations obtained permitted an immediate characterisation of the WW and V samples using these parameters.

scholarly journals Analysis of Leachate and Water Resource Quality Surrounding Municipal Solid Waste Landfill of Tamellast (Agadir, Morocco)

2021 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Saadia Asouam ◽  
Farid Faik ◽  
Zine El Abidine El Morjani
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

The aim of this work was to study the physicochemical characterization and heavy metal testing results carried out for leachate generated by the landfilling of household and similar waste in the Tamellast landfill of Agadir. The surface and groundwater resource (often used as drinking source) samples collected from Tamellast and different water sources wells surrounding the landfill were used to find out the impact of leachate percolation on surface and groundwater quality. The Physico-chemical parameters analyzed were, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolved oxygen, Sodium, Potassium, while biological parameters tested were Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), E.Coli and Coliform tot. The contamination was investigated by measuring the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, As, and Fe). The Electrical Conductivity (EC), COD, BOD, Sodium, Potassium, in leachate were found to be 13180 µs/cm, 3150 mgO2/l, 1000 mgO2/l, 2000 mg/L, and 10700 mg/L, respectively. The concentration in the surrounding dug wells varied from 8.33 – 9.13 mg/L for Dissolved Oxygen, 9.8 – 18 mg/L for potassium, 0.22 – 0.6 mg/L for Fe, and 0.012 – 0.1 mg/L for total Mn. The concentration of Mn, Fe, and other parameters decreased with increasing distance between the landfill and wells.

Estimates of effective rooting depth for predicting available water capacity of burdekin soils, Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Baker ◽  
CR Ahern
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Available Water Capacity ◽  
Cracking Clays

Estimates of rooting depth are necessary parameters in predicting available water capacity (AWC) of soils. In a recently assembled database for the Burdekin River Irrigation Area, no single criterion, commonly used to estimate rooting depth, was available for all sites. Therefore a number of methods of estimating rooting depth which give interchangeable results were required. This paper compares eight methods of estimating rooting depth within three AWC models and compares the outcome with field determinations. Soil properties used to estimate rooting depth were laboratory-based (two chloride methods, electrical conductivity and pH), morphological (carbonate and mottling) and two fixed depths (0.9 and 1.0 m). For all soils tested, the laboratory-based methods used within one AWC model (based on regression equations by using -1500 kPa water retained) resulted in predicted AWC values not significantly different (P< 0.05) from field measurements. The suitability of mottling was limited to cracking clays and sodic duplex soils and other rooting depth methods had varying applicability depending on soil type. This work shows that a range of rooting depth methods can be used to predict AWC of Burdekin soils. The results should have application to soils of other areas.

Experimental Study on Electrical Conductivity of Steel Fiber Concrete under Uniaxial Compression

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 918-922
Author(s):  
Hua Wang ◽  
Hong Guang Ji ◽  
Hua Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Fiber Concrete ◽  
Steel Fiber Concrete ◽  
Concrete Resistivity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Underground Chamber

Concrete is a key support material of underground chamber, its stress state is important parameter that can characterize the stability of underground chambers. The changing rule of the electrical conductivity of C50 steel fiber concrete in relation to the changes of the current, voltage and pressure was studied experimentally. And resistivity-stress regression equations of the concrete was fitted with much high correlation coefficient. Research results show that: (1) within the framework of elastic deformation, the electrical conductivity of concrete increases with the strengthening pressure (i.e., the concrete resistivity decreases with increasing pressure); (2) there exists the good correlation between the resistivity and pressure of the concrete; (3) given the certain pressure, the conductivity of the concrete is to some extent unaffected by voltage and current.

Basic relationships for salinity evaluation from measurements on soil solution

Soil Research ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
The Us ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Good Agreement

Relationships among total ion concentration, electrical conductivity and osmotic potential have been determined on 137 saturation extracts from Australian soils. The results are presented in graphical form with linear regression equations of best fit, and are compared with results for western U.S.A. soils. If the relationships fitted to the US. data are corrected to the temperature at which the present measurements were made, the differences between the two are less than 20%. As well, the electrical conductivity, and the osmotic potential, have been estimated from the measured compositions of the extracts, and compared with the measured values. Good agreement is found for electrical conductivity over a large range, but only over a small range for osmotic potential.

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