The Response to the Training Load in the Aquatic Environment in Terms of the Stimulation of the Reflective Capabilities of Elite Synchronized Swimmers

SummaryThe youngest swimming sport included in the Summer Olympic Games since 1984 is synchronized swimming. Since the synchronized swimming is still growing popularity and professionalization, it is important to search for ways to improve sports performance. There are few scientific studies focusing also on the biological and motor indicators of top athletes. The present study examined biological and motor variables of elite synchronized swimmers (SYN, N = 13) in ages of 16.5 ± 3.23 years and compare the frequency of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene genotypes among elite female synchronized swimmers and the non-athletic control group (CON, N = 30) in ages of 16.0 ± 0.6 years. The motor variables were measured using Optojump system before and after water training session. All measurements were collected by trained data collection staff. The ACE I/D variation differences between groups were identified by Chi-Square test. The results of motor variables obtained were evaluated statistically using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The strength of association between selected biological and motor variables was measured by Spearman’s correlation. We provided evidence for significant differences of variation of the ACE I/D polymorphism between observed groups. A significant correlation among biological and motor parameters of SYN was demonstrated among the percentage of fat and the time of reflection (p = 0.042), the basal resting heart rate and the jump height (p = 0.006) and among the basal resting heart rate and the power (p = 0.012). The SYN significantly increased only their contact time in jumping (p < 0.016) after the training session. Based on the results we state that the effect of intervention in the stimulation of the reflective capabilities due to the training session in the aquatic environment was not confirmed in the study.

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PETTLEP imagery and tennis service performance: an applied investigation

Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity ◽

10.1515/jirspa-2019-0013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Nafih Cherappurath ◽

Masilamani Elayaraja ◽

Dilshith A. Kabeer ◽

Amila Anjum ◽

Paris Vogazianos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Training Session ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Service Performance ◽

Control Group ◽

Specific Training ◽

Tennis Players ◽

Imagery Training ◽

Before And After ◽

Junior Tennis

AbstractTennis is one of the most popular and widely played sports enjoyed by players of different age groups and genders as a profession as well as a mode of recreation. A novel method, PETTLEP imagery combines both conventional and non-conventional style of training of an athlete and improves one’s performance. This study aimed to analyze the tennis service performance of junior tennis players based on PETTLEP imagery training. Forty-four junior male tennis players (Mage=13.22 years, SD=0.42) were selected for the study. The investigator handed over the MIQ-R questionnaire to all the participants in which they scored 16 and above points as per previous research. The participants were equally divided (n=11) into three experimental groups (E1, E2, and E3) and a control group. The service performance outcomes of all the players were compared before and after a training session. The three experimental groups were assigned with service-specific training, service-specific training combined with PETTLEP imagery training, and PETTLEP imagery training alone, respectively, for three days per week for 12 weeks. They were tested on their service accuracy based on the International tennis number (ITN) manual on-court assessment test. The data were assessed for normality and analyzed using non-parametric methods to reveal main effects (each training method alone) as well as to calculate the combined effect of PETTLEP and service-specific training. Certain significant improvements in tennis service were observed with service-specific training alone. Though it marginally outperformed the PETTLEP imagery method, the most improved services were observed with both PETTLEP and service-specific training utilized together. This implies an additive effect when both methods are used together.

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Vagal function impairment after exercise training

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1992.72.5.1749 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 1749-1753 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

C. E. Negrao ◽

E. D. Moreira ◽

M. C. Santos ◽

V. M. Farah ◽

E. M. Krieger

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Marked Reduction ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Pacemaker Cells ◽

Function Impairment ◽

Stimulation Of ◽

Vagal Function

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the vagal function of trained (T) and sedentary (S) rats by use of different approaches in the same animal. After 13 wk of exercise training (treadmill for 1 h 5 times/wk at 26.8 m/min and 15% grade), T rats had a resting heart rate (HR) slightly but significantly lower than S rats (299 +/- 3 vs. 308 +/- 3 beats/min). T rats had marked reduction of the intrinsic HR (329 +/- 4 vs. 369 +/- 5 beats/min) after blockade by methylatropine and propranolol. They also exhibited depressed vagal and sympathetic tonus. Baroreflex bradycardia (phenylephrine injections) was reduced, bradycardic responses produced by electrical stimulation of the vagus were depressed, and responses to methacholine injection were decreased in T rats. Therefore several evidences of vagal function impairment were observed in T rats. The resting bradycardia after exercise training is more likely to be dependent on alterations of the pacemaker cells, inasmuch as the intrinsic HR was markedly reduced.

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Can Dog-Assisted Intervention Decrease Anxiety Level and Autonomic Agitation in Patients with Anxiety Disorders?

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10215171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 5171

Author(s):

Dorota Wołyńczyk-Gmaj ◽

Aleksandra Ziółkowska ◽

Piotr Rogala ◽

Dawid Ścigała ◽

Ludwik Bryła ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Brief Symptom Inventory ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Control Group ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Full Data ◽

Positive Effects

Few studies have explored the influence of an Animal-Assisted Intervention on patients with mental disorders. We investigated it’s impact on anxiety symptoms. We divided 51 patients with anxiety symptoms into two groups—treatment group, that went for a short 15–20 min’ walk with a dog, his handler and a researcher and control group, that went for a walk only with a researcher. We used State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of fear, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Ford Insomnia Response to Stress (FIRST), Brief symptom Inventory (BSI) and VAS of satisfaction after trial to assess. We also checked the resting blood pressure and resting heart rate before and after performing psychological tests while sitting. We have obtained full data of 21 people from the research group and 26 people from the control group. After the intervention, the treatment group reported lower anxiety levels as a state (Mean (M) = 34.35; Standard Deviation (SD) = 6.9 vs. M = 40.94; SD = 8.6) and fear (M = 1.05; SD = 1.0 vs. M = 2.04; SD = 2.2) than the control group. After a walk with a dog, trait anxiety (M = 34.35; SD = 6.9 vs. M = 46.3; SD = 9.6), state anxiety (M = 48.9; SD = 7.2 vs. M = 53.9; SD = 7.8), fear (M = 1.05; SD= 1.0 vs. M = 2.57; SD = 2.3) and resting heart rate (M = 71.05; SD = 12.3 vs. M = 73.67; SD = 13.1) decreased significantly, while walking without a dog only reduced state anxiety (M = 47.24; SD = 11.0 vs. M = 40.94; SD = 8.6). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that after the walk, state anxiety was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group, F(1.35) = 6.706, p <0.05, η2 = 0.161. Among those who walked with a dog, the intervention also led to significant decreases in fear and resting heart rate, F(1.44) = 11.694, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.210 and F(1.45) = 8.503; p < 0.01; η2 = 0.159, respectively. For anxious patients, a short walk with a dog is more beneficial than a walk without one. We found significant positive effects of a dog’s company on vegetative arousal and mental comfort. This is another study confirming the possible therapeutic effect of the animal on anxiety symptoms. Further research is required, especially in the large groups of patients, as recommendations on the use of Animal Assisted Interventions (AAI) are needed.

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Pilot Study Efektifitas Media Video Animasi Terhadap Tingkat Depresi Pasien Kanker Serviks Diagnosa Awal

Indonesian Journal of Nursing Research (IJNR) ◽

10.35473/ijnr.v2i1.225 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dwi Fitriyanti ◽

Mardiyono Mardiyono ◽

Yuriz Bakhtiar

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Initial Diagnosis ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

The World ◽

Before And After ◽

Wilcoxon Sign Rank ◽

Depression Level

Cervical cancer is the cancer that most often attacks women after breastcancer throughout the world. Around the world every two minutes or everyhour a woman dies from cervical cancer. Every patient newly diagnosed withcervical cancer needs to know information about cervical cancer that canaffect the patient's psychological changes in the form of depression. Thepurpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of education withanimation media to reduce the depression level of cervical cancer patientswith early diagnosis. The method of this research is a pilot study(preliminary study) or testing the feasibility of animation video media on thelevel of depression. Respondent samples in the animated video media trialincluded 10 intervention samples and 10 control samples. The results of theanimation video media research are feasible to be used in subsequent studiesin cervical cancer patients with an initial diagnosis of depression. Dataanalysis using the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test showed that there was asignificant difference in the level of depression before and after being giveneducation using the animation video media in the intervention group with avalue of p = 0.005 while in the control group with a value p = 0.102. Theconclusion of this study is that the animation video media is feasible to beused in subsequent studies and can effectively be given to cervical cancerpatients with an initial diagnosis of depression.

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The Effect of Occupatioal Therapy on Social Skill in Schizofrenia with Social Isolation

Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) ◽

10.26699/jnk.v1i2.art.p081-086 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 081-086

Author(s):

Rendra Sukmana ◽

Nawang Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Social Skills ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Before And After ◽

Physical Disorders ◽

Social Capability ◽

And Control

Occupational therapy is a healing effort against someone who is experiencing mental and physical disorders by giving liveliness job. The purpose of the study to determine the effect of Occupational Therapy on social skills in schizophrenia with social isolation, using Quasy Control Group Pre-test Posttest Design. Sampel used in this experiments were 10 respondents that are divided into 2 groups: treatment and control. The treatment group was given occupational therapy 2 times a week for 3 weeks. Observations by 12 questions was conducted to determine the level of social skills of respondents. The results of this study showed no increase on the level of social skills before and after given granted Occupational Therapy. The level of social capability of 5 respondents in the treatment group before given an Occupational Therapy were 7 and while after given an occupational therapy were 10.2. This result have contrast to the control group which showed level of social capability were 7 . Statistic Analized using Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test showed significant is 0.0205 in the group between pre and post treatment, while the treatment and control group comparisons with Mann Whitney U test showed 0.029 ≤ 0.05. With these results Occupational Therapy can improve social skills clients with social isolation.

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Amprenavir and Efavirenz Pharmacokinetics before and after the Addition of Nelfinavir, Indinavir, Ritonavir, or Saquinavir in Seronegative Individuals

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.49.8.3373-3381.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

pp. 3373-3381 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Gene D. Morse ◽

Susan Rosenkranz ◽

Michael F. Para ◽

Yoninah Segal ◽

Robin DiFrancesco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Intervals ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Median Percentage ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽

Before And After ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Aids Clinical Trials

ABSTRACT Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group 5043 examined pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between amprenavir (APV) and efavirenz (EFV) both by themselves and when nelfinavir (NFV), indinavir (IDV), ritonavir (RTV), or saquinavir (SQV) is added. A PK study was conducted after the administration of single doses of APV (day 0). Subjects (n = 56) received 600 mg of EFV every 24 h (q24h) for 10 days and restarted APV with EFV for days 11 to 13 with a PK study on day 14. A second protease inhibitor (PI) (NFV, 1,250 mg, q12h; IDV, 1,200 mg, q12h; RTV, 100 mg, q12h; or SQV, 1,600 mg, q12h) was added to APV and EFV on day 15, and a PK study was conducted on day 21. Controls continued APV and EFV without a second PI. Among subjects, the APV areas under the curve (AUCs) on days 0, 14, and 21 were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Ninety-percent confidence intervals around the geometric mean ratios (GMR) were calculated. APV AUCs were 46% to 61% lower (median percentage of AUC) with EFV (day 14 versus day 0; P values of <0.05). In the NFV, IDV, and RTV groups, day 21 APV AUCs with EFV were higher than AUCs for EFV alone. Ninety-percent confidence intervals around the GMR were 3.5 to 5.3 for NFV (P < 0.001), 2.8 to 4.5 for IDV (P < 0.001), and 7.8 to 11.5 for RTV (P = 0.004). Saquinavir modestly increased the APV AUCs (GMR, 1.0 to 1.4; P = 0.106). Control group AUCs were lower on day 21 compared to those on day 14 (GMR, 0.7 to 1.0; P = 0.042). African-American non-Hispanics had higher day 14 efavirenz AUCs than white non-Hispanics. We conclude that EFV lowered APV AUCs, but nelfinavir, indinavir, or ritonavir compensated for EFV induction.

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19. A Breathing Manikin Model for Teaching Nasotracheal Intubation to EMS Professionals

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00045842 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 11 (S2) ◽

pp. S39-S39

Author(s):

Juan March ◽

Kathleen Dunn ◽

Lawrence Brown ◽

Johnny Farrow ◽

Phillip Perkins

Keyword(s):

Nasotracheal Intubation ◽

Prospective Trial ◽

Rapid Sequence Induction ◽

Training Session ◽

Orotracheal Intubation ◽

Rank Test ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Before And After ◽

Signed Rank Test

Purpose: The wide spread use of orotracheal intubation with rapid sequence induction has made it difficult for EMS professionals to gain experience in nasotracheal intubation (NTI) in a controlled supervised setting. The purpose of this study was to determine if a training session on NTI with a breathing manikin can be used to improve skill and comfort of EMS professionals.Methods: A prospective trial was conducted with a convenience sample of 16 emergency medical service professionals, previously trained in nasotracheal intubation techniques. For the training session a Laerdal airway manikin was modified by replacing the lungs with a bag-valve mask device, to simulate breathing with an inspiratory and expiratory phase. Following verbal instruction, and with direct supervision, each participant practiced NTI using the breathing manikin. Each participant completed a questionnaire, both before and after the training session, to determine self assessed comfort and skill level for both oral and nasal intubations (0 = lowest, 10 = highest). The pre and post intervention scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, £ = 0.01.

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Controlled 5-mo aerobic training improves heart rate but not heart rate variability or baroreflex sensitivity

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.2000.89.5.1825 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 1825-1829 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

Antti Loimaala ◽

Heikki Huikuri ◽

Pekka Oja ◽

Matti Pasanen ◽

Ilkka Vuori

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Exercise Training ◽

High Intensity ◽

Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Control Group ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Endurance Time ◽

Low Intensity

Endurance-trained athletes have increased heart rate variability (HRV), but it is not known whether exercise training improves the HRV and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in sedentary persons. We compared the effects of low- and high-intensity endurance training on resting heart rate, HRV, and BRS. The maximal oxygen uptake and endurance time increased significantly in the high-intensity group compared with the control group. Heart rate did not change significantly in the low-intensity group but decreased significantly in the high-intensity group (−6 beats/min, 95% confidence interval; −10 to −1 beats/min, exercise vs. control). No significant changes occurred in either the time or frequency domain measures of HRV or BRS in either of the exercise groups. Exercise training was not able to modify the cardiac vagal outflow in sedentary, middle-aged persons.

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Microsurgical rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia in MS patients: technique, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2017.12.jns171647 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 130 (6) ◽

pp. 1877-1888

Author(s):

Mark G. Bigder ◽

Sandeep Krishnan ◽

E. Francis Cook ◽

Anthony M. Kaufmann

Keyword(s):

Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽

Treatment Failure ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Time To Treatment ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Time To Treatment Failure ◽

Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVEPatients with multiple sclerosis (MS)–associated trigeminal neuralgia (TN) have higher recurrence and retreatment rates than non-MS patients. The optimal management strategy and role for microsurgical rhizotomy (MSR) for MS-TN remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to report time to treatment failure (TTF) and pain scores following MSR compared to percutaneous and Gamma Knife procedures.METHODSTime to treatment failure was analyzed after MSR (n = 14) versus prior procedures (n = 53) among MS-TN patients. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were utilized to compare TTF after MSR versus prior procedures using the same cohort of patients as their own control group. Subsequent analysis compared TTF after MSR to TTF after 93 other procedures among a second cohort of 18 MS-TN patients not undergoing MSR. BNI pain scores were compared between MSR and other procedures among the MS-TN cohort using a chi-square test.RESULTSTTF was significantly longer after MSR than after other procedures in the MSR cohort (median TTF 79 vs 10 months, respectively, p < 0.0001). Similarly, TTF was longer after MSR than after prior procedures in the non-MSR cohort (median TTF 79 vs 13 months, respectively, p < 0.001). MSR resulted in a higher proportion of excellent pain scores when compared to other procedures in the non-MSR cohort (77% vs 29%, p < 0.001). Probability of treatment survival was higher after MSR than after other procedures at all time points (3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months). There were no deaths or major complications after MSR.CONCLUSIONSTTF was significantly longer following MSR compared to prior procedures in MS-TN patients. Additionally, a higher proportion of patients achieved excellent BNI pain scores after MSR.

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