scholarly journals Renal changes and apoptosis caused by subacute exposure to Aroclor 1254 in selenium-deficient and selenium-supplemented rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
Naciye Dilara Zeybek ◽  
Ünzile Sur ◽  
Ofcan Oflaz ◽  
Pınar Erkekoğlu ◽  
Aylin Balcı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Regular Diet ◽  
Cell Counts

AbstractAroclor 1254 (A1254), a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls, exerts hepatic, renal, and reproductive toxicity in rodents. This study aimed to determine a protective role of selenium on histopathological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis caused by A1254 in rat kidney. It included a control group, which received regular diet containing 0.15 mg/kg Se (C), a Se-supplemented group (SeS) receiving 1 mg/kg Se, a Se-deficient group (SeD) receiving Se-deficient diet of ≤0.05 mg/kg Se, an A1254-treated group (A) receiving 10 mg/kg of Aroclor 1254 and regular diet, an A1254-treated group receiving Se-supplementation (ASeS), and an A1254-treated group receiving Se-deficient diet (ASeD). Treatments lasted 15 days. After 24 h of the last dose of A1254, the animals were decapitated under anaesthesia and their renal antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione, protein oxidation, and total antioxidant capacity levels measured. Histopathological changes were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis was detected with the TUNEL assay. Kidney weights, CAT activities, and GSH levels decreased significantly in all A1254-treated groups. Renal atrophic changes and higher apoptotic cell counts were observed in the A and ASeD groups. Both groups also showed a significant drop in GPx1 activities (A – 34.92 % and ASeD – 86.46 %) and rise in LP (A – 30.45 % and ASeD – 20.44 %) vs control. In contrast, LP levels and apoptotic cell counts were significantly lower in the ASeS group vs the A group. Histopathological changes and renal apoptosis were particularly visible in the ASeD group. Our findings suggest that selenium supplementation provides partial protection against renal toxicity of Aroclor 1254.

scholarly journals Neurotoxic Effects of Stanozolol on Male Rats‘ Hippocampi: Does Stanozolol cause apoptosis?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Faezeh Nemati Karimooy ◽  
Alireza Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan ◽  
Abbas Mohammadi Pour ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Hoseini
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean

AbstractStanozolol is an anabolic-androgenic steroid which is commonly abused by athletes for improved energy, appearance, and physical size. It has been previously shown to cause changes in behaviour and has various physical effects. Studies have previously been conducted on its neurotoxic effect on the central nervous system (CNS), which are typically psychological in nature. This study was performed to investigate the apoptotic effect of stanozolol on different parts of the rat hippocampus. Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups (experimental and control). The experimental group received subcutaneous injections of stanozolol (5mg/kg/day) for consecutive 28 days, whereas the control group received saline using the same dosing schedule and administration route. After routine procedures, coronal sections of rat brain were stained with Toluidine blue and TUNEL for pre-apoptotic and apoptotic cell detection, respectively. In order to compare groups, the mean number of TUNEL-positive and pre-apoptotic neurons per unit area were calculated and analysed. Histopathological examination revealed that the mean number of pre-apoptotic and apoptotic neurons in the CA1, CA2, CA3 and DG areas of the hippocampus were significantly increased in the stanozolol treated group. In conclusion, stanozolol abuse may induce pre-apoptotic and apoptotic cell formation in different regions of the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Decreased Apoptosis in the Ileum and Ileal Peyer's Patches: a Feature after Infection with Rabbit EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli O103

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 4580-4589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Heczko ◽  
Chris M. Carthy ◽  
Bronwyn A. O'Brien ◽  
B. Brett Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Rabbit Ileum ◽  
Cell Counts

ABSTRACT Significant changes occur in intestinal epithelial cells after infection with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). However, it is unclear whether this pathogen alters rates of apoptosis. By using a naturally occurring weaned rabbit infection model, we determined physiological levels of apoptosis in rabbit ileum and ileal Peyer's patches (PP) and compared them to those found after infection with adherent rabbit EPEC (REPEC O103). Various REPEC O103 strains were first tested in vitro for characteristic virulence features. Rabbits were then inoculated with the REPEC O103 strains that infected cultured cells the most efficiently. After experimental infection, intestinal samples were examined by light and electron microscopy. Simultaneously, ileal apoptosis was assessed by using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and caspase 3 assays and by apoptotic cell counts based on morphology (hematoxylin-and-eosin staining). The highest physiological apoptotic indices were measured in PP germinal centers (median = 14.7%), followed by PP domed villi (8.1%), tips of absorptive villi (3.8%), and ileal crypt regions (0.5%). Severe infection with REPEC O103 resulted in a significant decrease in apoptosis in PP germinal centers (determined by TUNEL assay; P = 0.01), in the tips of ileal absorptive villi (determined by H&E staining;P = 0.04), and in whole ileal cell lysates (determined by caspase 3 assay; P = 0.001). We concluded that REPEC O103 does not promote apoptosis. Furthermore, we cannot rule out the possibility that REPEC O103, in fact, decreases apoptotic levels in the rabbit ileum.

scholarly journals The effect of usage of Artemisia herba alba and Urtica dioica herbs extracts on the histopathological changes of Eimeria tenella parasite in the broiler chick.

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0A) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Haider Mohammad Ali Al-Rubaie1
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Histopathological Changes

This study was conducted to determine the biological effects of both Artemisia herba alba andUrtica dioica on the pathogenesis of Eimeria tenella, so 150 broilers, 7days old (Ross breed)were used, divided randomly into 6 groups. The first fourth groups include 30 chicks for eachgroup, while fifth and sixth groups have 15 chicks for each, consider as positive and negativegroups.The first five groups infected orally with 1000 oocysts of E.tenella directly into the cropat 17 days old. Histopathological examination of cecae in the treated groups with Urtica dioicarevealed moderate mononuclear cells (MNCs) infiltration, while sever lymphocytic aggregationswere seen in the treated group of water extract comparing with less cellular inflammatoryinfiltration was seen in the treated group with Artemisia herba alba .Severe degeneration andnecrotic changes were appeared in epithelial layer of mucus glands as well as appearance ofdegenerated schizonts in the section of the control group.

Effects of Icariin on Histomorphometric Changes of Testis and Prostate Induced by Acrylamide in Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Doctor Arastoye Marandi ◽  
Maryam Yadegari ◽  
Abbas Shahedi ◽  
Majid Pourentezari ◽  
Morteza Anvari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Sham

Background and Aims: This study aimed to observe the effect of Icariin on histomorphometric changes of testis and prostate induced by Acrylamide. Materials and Methods: Male mice were divided into four groups (n=8): A is the control group and does not get any treatment, B is the sham group and only received drinking water. C group received Acrylamide 10 mg/kg. D group received Acrylamide 15 mg/kg+1.5 mg/kg of Icariin. Histological changes in testis and prostate were examined using stereological methods. Results: Results showed decreases in testis weight of the group treated by (p≤0.01) and the group cured by Acrylamide +Icariin group (p≤0.05). The total volume of testis showed a reduction in the Acrylamide  group compared to other groups (p≤0.05). The total number of spermatogonia and spermatocyte cells in the Acrylamide group showed a decrease in comparison with the other groups (p≤0.05). The total number of spermatid cells in the Acrylamide group indicated a significant reduction in comparison with the control and sham group (p≤0.05). The total number of sertoli cells in the Acrylamide group showed a reduction when the number of leydig cells in the Acrylamide group showed a significant decrease in comparison with the control, sham, and Acrylamide+Icariin groups (p≤0.05). The mean Johnsen score was decreased in the Acrylamide treated group compared to control, sham, and Acrylamide+Icariin groups (p≤0.05). Testosterone concentration in the Acrylamide group showed a reduction in comparison with control, sham, and Acrylamide+Icariin groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Results demonstrated that Acrylamide altered the structure of the testis, prostate gland, and spermatogenesis stage, and Icariin treatment improved these histopathological changes.

scholarly journals Functional Feeds to Tackle Meagre (Argyrosomus regius) Stress: Physiological Responses under Acute Stressful Handling Conditions

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Marta Monteiro ◽  
Carla Sousa ◽  
Filipe Coutinho ◽  
Carolina Castro ◽  
Filipa Fontinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Argyrosomus Regius ◽  
Algal Extracts

Marine algae are recognised sources of bioactive compounds that have attracted great interest as nutritional supplements for aquaculture fish. Intensive rearing conditions often expose fish to husbandry-related stressors, rendering fish more susceptible to disease and reducing production yields. The present work evaluated the potential of two marine algae extracts (Fucus vesiculosus and Nannochloropsis gaditana) as nutritional supplements to mitigate stress effects in meagre (Argyrosomus regius) exposed to an acute handling stress (AS). A plant-based diet was used as a control, and three other diets were prepared, which were similar to the control diet but supplemented with 1% of each algal extract or a combination of the two extracts (0.5% each). The effects of supplemented diets on stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune response were analysed in fish exposed to AS after 4 weeks of feeding. Supplemented diets did not affect growth performance but the inclusion of F. vesiculosus promoted higher feed efficiency, as compared to the control group. Dietary algal extracts supplementation reduced plasma glucose levels, increased white blood cell counts, and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes when compared with the control. N. gaditana supplementation led to a reduction in hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity and glutathione levels, while F. vesiculosus supplementation increased muscle glutathione reductase activity and reduced lipid peroxidation. These findings support the potential of algal extracts as nutraceuticals in aquafeeds to enhance the ability of fish to cope with husbandry-related stressful conditions and ultimately improve fish health and welfare.

scholarly journals Effects of different decontaminating solutions used for the treatment of peri-implantitis on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis-an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Barrak ◽  
Zoltán Baráth ◽  
Tamás Tián ◽  
Annamária Venkei ◽  
Márió Gajdács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Iodine Solution ◽  
Cell Counts

AbstractImplants have been considered the treatment of choice to replace missing teeth, unfortunately, peri-implant disease is still an unresolved issue. Contaminated implants may be decontaminated by physical debridement and chemical disinfectants; however, there is a lack of consensus regarding the ideal techniques/agents to be used for the decontamination. The objective of our study was to compare the decontaminating efficacy of different chemical agents on a titanium surface contaminated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, a typical representative of the bacterial flora associated with peri-implantitis. Commercially pure Ti grade 4 discs with a polished surface were treated with a mouthwash containing chlorhexidine digluconate (0.1%), povidone-iodine (PVP-iodine) solution (10%) or citric acid monohydrate (40%). Qualitative and quantitative assessment of cellular growth and survival were assessed by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significant differences in the quantity of P. gingivalis could be observed after 6 days of incubation. A numerical, but not statistically significant (P = 0.066) decrease in the amount of living bacteria was observed in the group treated with the PVP-iodine solution as compared to the control group. The chlorhexidine (CHX)-treated group presented with significantly higher cell counts, as compared to the PVP-iodine-treated group (P = 0.032), while this was not observed compared to the control group and citric acid-treated group. Our results have also been verified by SEM measurements. Our results suggest that for P. gingivalis contamination on a titanium surface in vitro, PVP-iodine is a superior decontaminant, compared to citric acid and chlorhexidine-digulconate solution.

scholarly journals Effect of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) and vitamin E on arsenic induced toxicity in Quail

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Most Fayza Khatun ◽  
Md Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Rakibul Islam ◽  
Sumon Sarkar ◽  
Md Anowarul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Arsenic Toxicity ◽  
Histopathological Changes

Chronic arsenic toxicity is a severe disease in men and animals which occurs severely in Bangladesh. Arsenic (As) contamination in ground water used in drinking is the major concern because arsenic is present in human and animal food chain. This work was done in quails with a view to observing the efficacy of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) and vitamin E for prevention of arsenic toxicity. 60 quails were used in this study and animals were divided into control group (T0), arsenic treated group (T1), arsenic plus spirulina treated group (T2) and arsenic plus vitamin E treated group (T3). Each group consists of 15 quails. Quails of T0 group were given normal feed and water and kept as control. Quails of T1, T2 and T3 were given 100 mg arsenic trioxide/L drinking water daily for 30 days. In addition to arsenic trioxide quails of group T2 and T3 were simultaneously fed with spirulina @ 1 gm/kg feed and vitamin E @ 400 mg /kg body weight up to 30 days respectively. Five quails from each group (T0, T1, T2 and T3) were sacrificed at 15 days interval in order to determine haematological parameters. Result showed that in group T1, body weight gain was minimum, whereas in group T2 and T3 the body weight gain in quails were better. Reduction of TEC and Hb values were observed in arsenic treated group T1. Whereas in rest groups the TEC and Hb values were comparatively higher than arsenic treated group. Noticeable change observed in liver and kindey of arsenic treated group in compare to the control group. Histopathological changes also observed in liver and kindey of arsenic treated group in compare to the control group. In conclusion, spirulina and vitamin E have significant effect on body weight, hematological and postmortem and histopathological changes. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2020, 6(1): 93-98

scholarly journals Anti-Oxidant Effects of Silybum marianum Extracts on Diabetic Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Uyovwiesevwa Ataihire Johnson ◽  
◽  
Eze Kingsley Nwangwa ◽  
John Chukwuka Igweh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Antioxidants are specialized macro-molecules that neutralize harmful substances; free radicals. These radicals supposedly harm tissues, destroy food items, and damage materials. In living organisms, antioxidants can take the form of enzymes, and may be regularly added to oils, metals, foodstuffs, as well as numerous other materials to mitigate the damaging effect of free radical. Current study was designed to investigate the biochemical changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, following administration of Silybum marianum (an ancient medicinal plant of the Carduus marianum family) on Alloxan-Induced, diabetic rats. One hundred and twenty-five (125) rats were procured, made to acclimatize for two weeks, and then randomly grouped into five (5) groups of (n=25). Group 1: Non-Diabetic (Control) rats, Group 2 diabetic untreated rats, while groups 3, 4 and 5 comprised of vitamin-C treated rats (diabetic), Silymarin (extract), and Vitamin C + Silymarin (extract) combined treatment respectively. After four weeks of treatment with test extract, animals were then sacrificed, and blood samples collected and assayed for biochemical [anti-oxidant] enzyme activity. Upon statistical analysis, one way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) activities to have significantly decreased for extract + vitamin C treated group (Group V) when compared with control (Group I). It was also noted that the use of the combined antioxidants vitamin C and silymarin resulted in a significant reduction in ROS production with decreased SOD and CAT enzyme activities. It is therefore likely that, improvements in antioxidant enzyme activities are a function of extract and/or Vitamin C administration to animals. Thus, Silymarin has antioxidant and regenerative potentials to damaged tissues.

scholarly journals Comparing the anti-inflammatory effects of Simvastatin and Rosuvastatin by measuring IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels using a murinic caecal ligation and puncture induced sepsis model / Compararea efectelor anti-inflamatoare ale Simvastatinei și Rosuvastatinei măsurând nivelele serice ale IL-1β, IL-6 si TNF-α folosind un model de sepsis la șobolan indus prin ligatură și puncție cecală

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Mărginean M ◽  
Sebastian Trancă ◽  
Alina Ardelean-Maghiar (Mărginean) ◽  
Dan Dîrzu ◽  
Adina Huțanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Sepsis Model ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Caecal Ligation And Puncture ◽  
Caecal Ligation

AbstractBackground: Sepsis is a systemic host response to an infection which may evolve into severe sepsis and septic shock. It raises many health care related concerns around the world, carrying almost 30% mortality rates and a high financial burden. The disease is characterized by the triggering of some inflammatory pathways that are ultimately proven deleterious to the host organism. Although antibiotics, fluid administration, vasopressor therapy and infectious source control remain the recommended management strategies, emerging scientific data proposes statins as a new line of treatment. These drugs were first introduced in clinical practice for their cholesterol-lowering effect but the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol biosynthetic pathway exhibits some less studied effects generally referred to as pleiotropic: anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. Objective: To asses and compare the anti-inflammatory effect of two statins - Simvastatin and Rosuvastatin - measuring blood levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα using a previously described murinic model of sepsis. Methods: We compiled four groups (C, n=7; SEP, SV, RV, n=8). Statins were administered in two doses 18 and 3 hours before surgical intervention. Sepsis was induced using the caecal ligation and puncture technique. Blood samples were obtained by venepuncture from each subject in day 1, 4, 7 and 14 (the last samples were obtained by cardiac puncture). Complete blood count, Procalcitonin, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were assessed. Results: White blood cell counts differed across the groups showing a higher count for the septic but untreated group. Procalcitonin reacted in all septic groups but both statin treated groups had lower levels when compared to untreated group. IL-1β levels were higher in the Rosuvastatin treated group. IL-6 levels were more heterogeneously dispersed but higher levels were noticed in the untreated septic group. The Simvastatin treated group had higher levels compared to the Rosuvastatin treated one. TNFα levels were higher in the septic untreated group and in the Rosuvastatin treated one. For the Simvastatin treated subjects, the level of TNFα was similar with the control group. Conclusion: We concluded that both drugs showed anti-inflammatory effects on the murinic CLP-induced sepsis model. Between the two, Simvastatin had greater impact by lowering blood levels of established pro-inflammatory markers.

Effect of Biofilm of Aeromonas Hydrophila Oral Vaccine on Growth Performance and Histopathological Changes in Various Tissues of Striped Catfish, Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A.A. Mamun ◽  
S. Nasren ◽  
P. B. Abhiman ◽  
S. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Sowndarya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Striped Catfish ◽  
And Control

Biofilm of Aeromonas hydrophila oral vaccine was evaluated on growth and histopathological features of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Fish were fed with feed incorporating biofilm (BF) or free cell (FC) of A. hydrophila vaccine at 1010 cells/fish/day for 20 days and basal feed for 60 days. From 30th day onwards, till end of the trial, the mean weight gain (g/fish) was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in BF treated group than both FC and control group. At the end of the study, histopathological changes in gills, liver and kidney were evaluated using haematoxylin eosin technique. The histopathological findings, in BF fed P. hypophthalmus, showed normal architechture of the gills, liver and kidney. However, fishes fed on FC and control group, resulted several histopathological abnormalities in all the organs.

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