scholarly journals Comparative study on the dynamics and structure of the number of enterprises in Poland, Romania and Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Kinga Emese Zsido
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Economic Agents

Abstract The number of enterprises, respectively their structure by fields of activity, influences the level of the national economy, so it is extremely important to know the “map” of economic agents in terms of evolution and level of competition by areas of activity. The purpose of this paper is to present in a descriptive way the evolution of the number and structure of active enterprises in Romania (by legal form and field of activity), as well as a comparative presentation of the situation of enterprises in Hungary and Poland. In all three countries, the total number of enterprises shows a continuous growth trend, but with significant differences in the growth rate, analyzed by areas of activity.

Research on the Marketing Strategy of Online Education -- Taking New Oriental as an Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialu Chen ◽  
Yingxiao Han ◽  
An Li
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Marketing Mode ◽  
Marketing Costs

In recent years, with the development of society and the progress of science and technology, online learning has penetrated into people's daily life, and people's demand for high-quality curriculum products is more and more strong. From a macro perspective, the continuous growth of national financial investment in education, the continuous upgrading of China's consumption structure, the development of 5G technology and the popularization of AI intelligence make online teaching less limited. The online education industry is showing an explosive growth trend. More and more online education institutions are listed for financing, and the market value is soaring. However, in 2019, except for GSX, the latest online learning platforms such as New Oriental, Speak English Fluently and Sunlands, have been in a state of loss. Most of these agencies seize the market by increasing advertising investment, but at the same time, they also bring huge marketing costs, which affect the financial performance of the company. With the enhancement of Matthew effect, large-scale educational institutions occupy a large market through free classes and low-price classes, while small and medium-sized institutions with weak capital strength are often unable to afford high sales costs, facing the risk of capital chain rupture. Taking new Oriental online as an example, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the marketing strategies of online education institutions. It also puts forward suggestions on four aspects, which are target market, differentiated value, marketing mix and marketing mode, so as to make sure that online education institutions can control marketing expenses and achieve profits by improving course quality, expanding marketing channels and implementing precise positioning.

CONTINUOUS CULTURE OF BRUCELLA ABORTUS S.19

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas H. W. Hauschild ◽  
Hilliard Pivnick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

An apparatus is described for the continuous growth of bacteria. Brucella abortus S.19 has been grown in continuous culture for periods up to 3 weeks with populations up to 2 × 1011viable cells per ml and without the establishment of nonsmooth variants.Concentrations between 3 × 109and 2 × 1011cells per ml could be maintained as a function of the dilution rate without the requirement of a known limiting factor in the medium. In a series of steady-state conditions, the specific growth rate increased steadily up to 0.28 hour−1with decreasing population levels.Incidence of mutants was governed by the dilution rate and could also be reduced by various chelating substances.In continuous growth combined with continuous dialysis, population levels were approximately twice those obtained in continuous growth without dialysis. The effect of dialysis appears to be the continuous removal of growth-limiting metabolic products.

scholarly journals The role of employment in the development of Czech rural areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
G. Pavlíková ◽  
P. Maříková
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Space Transformation ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
And Function

The rural area is a very important multifunctional space, with landscape enhancement value and function. These factors are then necessary for the directions of development process in rural communities. The countryside creates an important part of economic and social state system. The area of work and the employment of population into the productive age present ones of significant macro-economic indicators of the capacity of national economy. Changes of economy in the market space, transformation of companies of agricultural primary production to new legal form, restructuring of production and manpower in agriculture  caused leaving of part skilled of the workers, as well as other workers to another branches of national economy. In 1990’s, especially in the beginning during the transformation of Czech economy, there was a big boom of private business and new forms of business activities and subjects emerged. Traditional lifestyle, which continues in the Czech countryside, determined that small enterprise prevails here. Current economics clearly shows that small and medium enterprises have an unsubstitutable role in our economic development and greatly contribute to creating new jobs in individual regions.

scholarly journals Tumor growth characteristics of the Walker 256 AR tumor, a regressive variant of the rat Walker 256 A tumor

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Guimarães ◽  
Alessandra Soares Schanoski ◽  
Tereza Cristina Samico Cavalcanti ◽  
Priscila Bianchi Juliano ◽  
Ana Neuza Viera-Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Tumor Growth Rate ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Walker 256 ◽  
Complete Tumor

The present study aimed at characterizing the subcutaneous development of the Walker 256 (W256) AR tumor, a regressive variant of the rat W256 A tumor. Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with 4x10(6) W256 A or W256 AR tumor cells. The development of tumors was evaluated daily by percutaneous measurements. None of the W256 A tumors (n=20) regressed, but 62% of the W256 AR tumor-bearing rats (n=21) underwent complete tumor regression within 35 days. Continuous growth of AR tumors was characterized by an increase of the tumor growth rate from day 12, which reached values above 1.0 g/day, and were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the regressive AR tumors. Immunosuppression by irradiation before subcutaneous injection of AR cells completely abrogated tumor regression and was associated with severe metastatic dissemination. Daily evaluation of the tumor growth rate enabled the discrimination, in advance, between continuously growing tumors and those that regressed later on.

ECONOMIC THEORIES OF COMPETITION, WHICH DETERMINE THE CONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF FORMATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Yaroslav BEREZIVSKYI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Intellectual Resource ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Technological Competitiveness

A significant number of scientific economic theories have been identified, which substantiate the essential characteristics of the technological competitiveness of the national economy. The difference between each of the theories is due to the evolution of economic development, conditions and factors of formation, as well as directions and means (tools) to ensure the technological competitiveness of the national economy. The conditions and factors of formation of technological competitiveness of the national economy according to economic theories of competition – blue ocean, global advance of competitors, competitive advantages, cyclical development of economy, neoliberalism, structuring are allocated. In each of the theories of competition as their historical evolution, the technological competitiveness of the economy was considered in the context of access and ability to effectively use technological resources, the formation of the market of innovation and technology, implementation of state policy to stimulate innovation. Taking into account theories of competition allows to clarify the important characteristics of technological competitiveness of the national economy, which relate to determining the influence of society, state, market environment, globalization and informatization on the creation and implementation of technologies in economic processes, economic competitiveness. Analysis of the evolution of scientific views shows the high intensity of changes in the field of competition and provides a wide range of conditions and factors for the formation of technological competitiveness, the development of economic agents. Accordingly, the lack of opportunities for technological and innovative development of national producers should be regarded as the main threat to the competitiveness of the economy. These are market, infrastructural, technological, innovative, intellectual, resource and other trends, in the context of which it becomes possible to effectively use competitive opportunities.

A comparative study on the nursery culture of hatchery-reared sub-adult cupped oyster, Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino, 1932), in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Premwadee Chueachat ◽  
Woraporn Tarangkoon ◽  
Suwat Tanyaros
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Oyster ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Mean

Abstract A comparative study on the nursery culture of the spat of the tropical oyster, Crassostrea iredalei, in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal was conducted over two months. The results revealed no differences in the absolute growth rate determined by shell width between the two culture sites (P < 0.05). Sub-adult oysters cultured in the mangrove canal showed a higher absolute growth rate in shell length and a higher daily growth rate than the oysters cultured in the earthen pond (P < 0.05). The mean survival rate of sub-adult oysters cultured in the earthen pond (99.8 ± 0.2%) was significantly higher than for those cultured in the mangrove canal (66.7 ± 31.4%). Decreased density from the loss of sub-adult oyster nursery culture in the mangrove canal led to higher growth performance than in the earthen pond. However, no difference was found for the fraction of oysters larger or smaller than 5 cm for the two culture sites (P < 0.05). A significant difference was noted in the Condition Index (CI) between the two culture sites (P < 0.05). The high primary productivity in mangroves is a major supporter of higher CI in sub-adult oysters cultured in mangrove canals versus in earthen ponds. Water exchange in the earthen pond to maintain calcium and magnesium concentrations resulted in no differences in the shell compressibility of sub-adult oysters compared with those cultured in the mangrove canal.

Ensuring Sustainable Development of Economic Agents by Methods of Quality Management in the Era of Digitalization

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Okrepilov ◽  
Alexander V. Babkin ◽  
Natalia V. Zlobina ◽  
Svetlana N. Kuzmina ◽  
Tatiana A. Salimova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the objectively existing in modern conditions of economic agents' activity the need to introduce and apply approaches based on the use of quality management methods in internal corporate management. The authors noted that one of the global trends of the XXI century. Is the structural transformation of the world economy associated with the active development and implementation of information and telecommunication (digital) technologies in the real economic processes of both society and business. The authors assess the approach widespread in Russia based on quality management methods in the formation of control systems for the activities of economic agents of the national economy in the context of digital transformation in order to ensure their sustainable development; the analysis of the formation of promising directions for the development of communities, declared by UNESCO, in conditions of instability, complexity and uncertainty was carried out; the toolkit for digitalization of quality management of the education system is considered, in particular, the use of project-based learning to improve the quality of knowledge obtained and assess the impact on the sustainable development of universities, the education sector in general and economic agents of the national economy, taking into account digitalization and global risks. The authors see further areas of research in modeling risks and assessing their impact on ensuring sustainable development of economic agents, socio-economic processes of the national economy and society as a whole by quality management methods in the context of digitalization of the economy.

Biotechnology Law in The Socialist Republic of Vietnam

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Hilmer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The People

IntroductionThe communist state of Vietnam with its currently 64 provinces (tinh) and 5 municipalities (thu do), experienced little economic growth over the last two decades. This was a result of the more conservative leadership policies in the country. However, since 2001 Vietnamese authorities have committed to economic liberalization, whereby structural reforms were enacted, as well as the economy was modernized and the country produced more competitive, export-driven industries.With a population of approximately 82,689,518, over 70 % of the people are involved in agricultural production, such as paddy rice, corn, potatoes, rubber, soybeans, coffee, tea, bananas, sugar; pigs, and fish. Other active development of the country, besides agriculture, is considered to be industry with its imports and exports. The growth rate of the national economy is estimated of 7.2 % on average, and investments for science, technology and environmental protection can be seen as the major reasons of economic growth.

Intraracial variation in Phytophthora infestans, and its relationship to different host varieties

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Upshall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Low Field

A comparative study of the magnitude of growth rate variation among isolates of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary taken from a high and a low field resistant variety of potato has shown it to be greater in the former than in the latter, even though both crops were infected by the same population of the pathogen. Competition between spores, and adaptation to the varieties, are put forward as possible alternative explanations.

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