Biotechnology Law in The Socialist Republic of Vietnam

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Hilmer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The People

IntroductionThe communist state of Vietnam with its currently 64 provinces (tinh) and 5 municipalities (thu do), experienced little economic growth over the last two decades. This was a result of the more conservative leadership policies in the country. However, since 2001 Vietnamese authorities have committed to economic liberalization, whereby structural reforms were enacted, as well as the economy was modernized and the country produced more competitive, export-driven industries.With a population of approximately 82,689,518, over 70 % of the people are involved in agricultural production, such as paddy rice, corn, potatoes, rubber, soybeans, coffee, tea, bananas, sugar; pigs, and fish. Other active development of the country, besides agriculture, is considered to be industry with its imports and exports. The growth rate of the national economy is estimated of 7.2 % on average, and investments for science, technology and environmental protection can be seen as the major reasons of economic growth.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE STATE SOCIAL POLICY ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH RATE

2010 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
A. N. Ryahovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scientific Justification

As a result of the global financial and economic crisis, social problems have sharpened significantly. They affect the interest of the most population of the country. The efficiency of anti-recessionary measures and their productivity in the social field are analyzed in the article. According to the adjusted estimates of the RF Government, decrease in actual income of the people will continue and only by the end of 2012 a growth by only 3% to 2008 level is projected. The degree of elaboration and scientific justification of the state turnaround policy are getting special significance.

EXPERIENCE OF ECONOMIC REFORMS' IMPLEMENTATION IN POLAND AND UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
Lyubov Halkiv ◽  
Galina Myskiv ◽  
Iryna Pasinovych
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Eu

The article combines the research of a system of indicators and authors’ reflections elaborated on the basis of material. The authors believe that study of Poland's economic reforms will provide an opportunity to apply a positive experience for the further development of the Ukrainian economy. Using different approaches to governance, two countries have reached different results. Today, the gap in the rates of economic development of Ukraine and Poland is increasing. Accession to the EU and systemic structural reforms in the country until 2004 contributed to the acceleration of Poland's economic growth. Ukraine for a long time failed to implement effective reforms, which have caused to the backlog of the national economy from the economies of neighboring countries.

Migration in response to climate change and its impact in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 352-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Sun ◽  
Chengjin Xu ◽  
Hailing Zhang ◽  
Zheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Regional Disparity ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Cge Model ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Production Index

Purpose Climate change will have a significant impact on China’s potential agricultural production and change the distribution of the population in various regions of China, thus producing population migration. This paper aims to analyze China’s population migration in response to climate change and its socio-economic impact. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the Potential Agriculture Production Index is introduced as an analytical tool with which to estimate the scale of the population migration induced by climate change. Also, this paper constructs a multi-regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and analyzes the effect of change in the population distribution pattern on regional economies, regional disparity and resident welfare. Findings The key finding of this paper is that, as a result of changes in potential agricultural production induced by climate change, the Circum-Bohai-Sea region, the industrialized region and the industrializing region, which are the main destination regions of the migrating population, will face a severe labor shortage. In response to population migration, the economic growth rate of the immigrating population regions has accelerated. Correspondingly, the economic growth rate of the emigrating population regions has decreased. In addition, the larger the scale of population migration is, the larger the economic impact is. Migration increases inner-regional disparity and decreases inter-regional disparity. However, overall regional disparity is only somewhat decreased. Originality/value This paper introduces a Potential Agriculture Production Index to estimate the scale of the population migration and introduce a multi-regional CGE model to analyze the correlated social-economic impacts.

scholarly journals Credit Market Development and Prictice Stability of National Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Byvshev ◽  
Natalya E. Brovkina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

In recent years, the growth rate of the national economy does not meet the challenges of social and economic development of the country. An economic breakthrough is needed, accompanied by the achievement of economic growth rates that are faster than those of the world. However, it is important to maintain macroeconomic and price stability. One of the factors that can ensure the achievement of this goal is credit, the value of which, in our opinion, is currently unfairly underestimated. The publications of Russian and foreign economists confirm that credit is a factor contributing to economic growth. At the same time, the loan may be associated with the formation of inflation risks. The purpose of the article is to determine the ratio in which the development of the credit market, characterized, in particular, by an increase in lending to households and non-financial organizations, will not lead to a violation of the price stability of the national economy. The application of the system of econometric models allowed to reveal the ratio between the growth rate of loans to non-financial organizations and the growth rate of real GDP.

scholarly journals Local Effects from the Monetary Policy Globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Bandura ◽  
Valeriia Tkachova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us

Most central banks of developed countries realize the “quantitative easing” (QE) monetary policy that allows us to speak about globalization as for monetary policy, as for this policy effects. We identified some positive and negative effects from the QE policy for the US economy (as the issuing country) and for Ukraine (as a country that accept of this policy effects on local level) that can be taking into account when national economy economic planning.At the base of author’s CMI-model of macroeconomic dynamics we proposed possible explanation for this monetary policy effects for the US economy that have no satisfied explanation within well-known models: 1) comparatively low economic growth rate under the QE monetary policy; 2) phenomenon of low inflation under sharp rising of money supply as a result of the QE policy; 3) phenomenon of record employment under comparatively small economic growth rate. Also we identified some other effects of the QE monetary policy that can be explained within well-known models. There are the following ones: negative interest rates for bonds market, the US dollar weakening on FOREX market, price rising for gold and various digital assets. We proposed some possible ways to use global effects from the QE monetary policy to benefit Ukrainian economy. For example, we proposed to change the structure of part of the gold and foreign exchange reserves of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) in order to increase its value, actually, under the risk-free way. We can use periods of the US economy stimulus provided by Federal Reserve Bank to increase part of gold in the reserves with corresponding decreasing of foreign exchange part. When the stimulus will be stopped, we proposed to decrease part of gold with corresponding increasing of foreign exchange part. Conclusions, tied with impact of the cumulative market imperfections value (ΔР) on economic growth rate obtained for the US economy, are valid and for Ukrainian economy, because, beforehand, we proved the validity of our CMI-model for national economy, too. JEL classification: E30, E31, E32, E37

scholarly journals The Impact of Public Expenditure Structure on Economic Growth in Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-35
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
General Government ◽  
The Impact

In this paper we estimate the impact of changes in the structure of general government expenditure on GDP growth rate in Russia. We construct two types of models: with expenses as shares of total general government spending and as percentages of GDP. The structural vector autoregression (SVAR) methodology from [Corsetti et al., 2012] has been used. According to our estimates, an increase in the share of productive expenditures (national economy, education and health) has a positive impact on the rate of economic growth, while an increase of the share of non-productive expenditures (national defense and social policy) has a negative effect on the growth rate of GDP. The largest positive effect among productive expenditures belongs to expenditure on the national economy: increasing spending on the national economy by 1% of GDP while maintaining the total expenditure unchanged leads to an increase in GDP growth rate by 1.1 p.p. The second largest effect is produced by expenditure on education: a 1% of GDP increase in this expenditure with constant total spending leads to additional GDP growth of 0.8 p.p. Expenditure on health care has the least positive impact on growth: the effect of its increase is estimated at +0.1 p.p. to GDP growth rate. For defense and social spending the effect is negative: -2.1 p.p. and -0.7 p.p. respectively. The results obtained in this paper are generally consistent with the results in previous empirical studies for Russia based on fiscal multipliers, as well as results in empirical studies with foreign and international data.

Growth and Development Planning in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
The People ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The Impact

The central theme of this book is to appraise the role of planning to maximize the rate of economic growth, and improve the standards of living and quality of life of the people in India since Independence. The book addresses four core areas. First, it delves into the circumstances which led to the adoption of planning and presents a comprehensive analysis of the economic scenario that unfolded in the six decades between 1951 and 2011, documenting shifts in growth and development strategy. Second, it explores the rate and pattern of economic growth, and traces reasons behind the shortfall in growth rate from the target. Third, the book contextualizes the backdrop against which economic reform measures were introduced to understand how different areas and sectors of the economy were integrated with the reform process. Fourth, it analyses the transition from growth measures pursued until the 1970s, to a mix of growth and redistribution from the 1980s, and then to inclusive growth in the 2000s, and finds out how income, especially of the poor and marginalized sections of the population increased. It makes an assessment of the level and change in poverty over time, and the impact of economic growth on poverty reduction. These four thematic areas of the book are essential to understand the process of economic growth and its impact on the lives of the people in India's rapidly changing socio-economic environment. Finally, it assesses the economic scenario in the 2010s, when planning was abandoned, and pinpoints the reasons behind dipping growth rate, and suggests measures for its revival.

scholarly journals The structure of public spending and economic growth in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Balaev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Structural Vector Autoregression ◽  
Fiscal Multipliers ◽  
General Government ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Structural Vector

This paper examines how Russia’s GDP growth responds to changes in the structure of general government spending. We consider models with expenditures as a percentage of total spending and expenditures as a percentage of GDP. Each model is constructed as a structural vector autoregression (SVAR). We show that redistribution in favor of productive expenditures (national economy, education, healthcare) increases the rate of economic growth, and an increase in the share of unproductive expenditures (national defense, social policy) reduces it. The maximum positive effect comes from expenditures on the national economy: their increase by 1% of GDP with constant total expenditures increases the growth rate of GDP by 1.1 p.p. An increase in expenditures on education by 1% of GDP with constant total expenses contributes +0.8 p.p. to the growth rate of GDP. The corresponding effect of healthcare expenditures is +0.1 p.p. Defense and social spending make negative contributions: –2.1 and –0.7 p.p. respectively. These results are consistent with existing estimates of fiscal multipliers for Russia and calculations based on data from other countries and cross-country data.

scholarly journals Modelling of the еconomic growth factors: The case of the Ural regions and the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-131
Author(s):  
Daria S. Benz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Per Capita

Current pandemic-induced downturn has made the problem of economic growth even more acute for the Ural regions of Russia. The national economy is stagnating and trans mits the same processes to the regional economies. The paper aims to identify the economic growth factors for eight Ural regions and for the national economy as a whole. The author mod els the functions of economic growth for regions that are part of both the Ural Federal District and the Ural macroregion, thereby consciously expanding the study for comparative analysis. Methodologically, the paper relies on the theory of economic growth and theory of produc tion (works of C. W. Cobb, P. H. Douglas, R. M. Solow). The author uses econometric tools and builds regressions for eight regions and the national economy, where the outcome variable is the growth rate of gross regional product. The independent variables include the growth rates of the following indicators: industrial production, employment, investments in fixed assets, cost of fixed assets, average per capita incomes, costs of technological innovations. The source of statistical information is Rosstat data covering the period 1995–2018. Based on the constructed functions, the researcher draws a number of conclusions. For the majority of the Ural regions, as well as for the Russian economy, the deciding and the most elastic factor is the growth rate of industrial production. Results among regions vary, but in total, the growth rate of average per capita incomes is the second most important factor. The increase in employment affects greatly the economic growth, especially in those regions that have seen a drastic decline in the labour force over the past decades. The costs of technological innovation do not demonstrate high elasticity. The author suggests that the reason is that their amount is extremely small. Even high growth rates of costs of technological innovation do not produce a visible result, since their level remains catastrophically low. The results of the study can be used in the regional and national socioeconomic development strategies, as well as serve a basis for further economic studies.

HUKUM DAN TEKLOGI SUATU KAJIAN TEORITIS TERHADAP PENOMENA LAYANAN TRANSFORTASI ONLINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Aria Dimas Harapan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times

ABSTRACTThe essence of this study describes the theoretical study of the phenomenon transfortation services online. Advances in technology have changed the habits of the people to use online transfortation In fact despite legal protection in the service based services transfortation technological sophistication has not been formed and it became warm conversation among jurists. This study uses normative juridical research. This study found that the first, the Government must accommodate transfotation online phenomenon in the form of rules that provide legal certainty; second, transfortation online as part of the demands of the times based on technology; third, transfortation online as part of the creative economy for economic growth . 

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