scholarly journals Differences in body composition between metabolically healthy and unhealthy midlife women with respect to obesity status

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Lenka Vorobeľová ◽  
Darina Falbová ◽  
Daniela Siváková
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Abstract Body composition (BC) characteristics across metabolic health-by-body mass index categories were examined. Metabolic health (MH) was defined by five biomarkers: waist circumference, blood pressure, levels of triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Potential differences in BC characteristics between metabolically healthy obese (MH-O) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUH-O) women, and between MH normal weight (MH-NW) and MUH normal weight (MUH-NW) women were explored in 276 Slovak midlife women (39-65 years). Body composition parameters were measured with bioimpedance analyzer (BIA 101, Akern, S. r. l.). A simple comparison of the BC data between the subgroups showed significant differences in resistance (Rz, ohm) (p=0.035), muscle mass (MM, kg) (p=0.044), and total body water (TBW, kg) (p=0.047) between MH-O and MUH-O women. However, we did not observe any significant differences in BC characteristics between MH-NW and MUHNW. Specific logistic regression models were used to determine differences in BC characteristics between various obesity phenotypes, with controlling for age, menopausal status, smoking status and sport activity. Our results indicated that increasing age and decreasing Rz were statistically significantly associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting MUH-O (p=0.031 for age; p=0.032 for Rz). Moreover, other logistic models which included age, menopausal status, biochemical variables and life style factors such as covariates, showed that increasing alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and uric acid (UA) were statistically significantly associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting MUH-O (p=0.023 for ALT, p=0.010 for UA). In conclusion, MUH-O and MH-O cardiometabolic profiles are characterized by differences in the value of resistance and plasma levels of ALT and UA.

Abstract 075: Differences In Body Composition At Baseline And In Response To Exercise Training By Metabolic Health And Weight Status

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Jones ◽  
Jacob L Barber ◽  
James S Skinner ◽  
Claude Bouchard ◽  
Mark A Sarzynski
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Background: Body composition is known to differ across metabolic health and weight phenotypes. Regular exercise improves body composition, yet little is known about differences in exercise response across metabolic health and weight phenotypes. Methods: Normal weight (n=376) and overweight/obese (OWOB) adults (n=456) from the HERITAGE Family Study (56% female, 38% Black) completed a 20-week endurance training program. Four groups based on baseline BMI and metabolic risk were created: metabolically healthy normal weight, MHNW; metabolically unhealthy normal weight, MUNW; metabolically healthy OWOB, MHO; and metabolically unhealthy OWOB, MUO. Unhealthy was defined as having ≥2 metabolic syndrome components. General linear models tested for differences in baseline and change in measures of body composition (fat mass [FM], fat-free mass [FFM], % body fat [%BF], visceral fat) after adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity (and baseline value in change models). Results: Table 1 shows adjusted mean baseline and change in body composition values by group. Baseline body composition tended to track with weight status, with NW adults having lower FM, %BF, and visceral fat compared to obese adults (p<0.05), regardless of metabolic health. However, the MHO group had lower baseline values of these traits compared to MUO (p<0.05). Body composition measures significantly improved with exercise training in all groups, however, the magnitude of change differed between groups. For example, both NW groups had larger decreases in %BF compared to the obese groups, with MUNW showing the largest decrease. Conversely, MHNW showed the largest decrease in visceral fat, which was greater than both obese groups, but change in visceral fat was similar between MHO and MUNW. Conclusions: Normal weight adults tended to have better body composition profiles at baseline and larger improvements with exercise compared to obese adults, regardless of metabolic health. Within weight groups, body composition improved regardless of metabolic health status.

scholarly journals Systemic Inflammation Characterizes Lack of Metabolic Health in Nonobese HIV-Infected Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana N. Monczor ◽  
Xiuhong Li ◽  
Frank J. Palella ◽  
Kristine M. Erlandson ◽  
Dorothy Wiley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Background. Increasing body mass index (BMI) is generally associated with loss of metabolic health, although some obese individuals remain metabolically healthy. Among nonobese men, HIV infection has been associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic health. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 470 HIV-infected and 368 HIV-uninfected men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Cardiovascular substudy. Circulating biomarker levels were compared by BMI category and by HIV serostatus. Poisson regression with robust variance determined associations between metabolic health and circulating inflammatory biomarker levels after adjusting for factors previously associated with metabolic health. Results. HIV-infected men were younger and less likely to be obese. Among HIV-infected, normal weight metabolically healthy men (compared to unhealthy) had significantly lower circulating levels of interleukin- (IL-) 6, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) I and II, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), higher adiponectin, less visceral fat, and more subcutaneous fat. Among HIV-uninfected normal weight men and obese men (regardless of HIV serostatus), metabolic health was associated only with higher levels of adiponectin, less visceral fat, and lower HOMA-IR values. In multivariate analyses restricted to HIV-infected men, lower hs-CRP, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, and HOMA-IR and higher adiponectin levels were associated with metabolic health. Additional adjustment for visceral adiposity did not alter results. Conclusions. Among HIV-infected normal weight men, metabolic health was associated with less systemic inflammation, a relationship that, among normal weight men, was unique to HIV+ men and did not exist among obese men of either HIV serostatus.

scholarly journals Increased Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein/High-Density Lipoprotein–Cholesterol Ratio as a Potential Indicator of Disturbed Metabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Jelena M Janac ◽  
Aleksandra Zeljkovic ◽  
Zorana D Jelic-Ivanovic ◽  
Vesna S Dimitrijevic-Sreckovic ◽  
Jelena Vekic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
High Density ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Potential Indicator ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the qualitative characteristics of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in metabolically healthy and unhealthy overweight and obese subjects.MethodsThe study involved 115 subject individuals classified as metabolically healthy and unhealthy, as in overweight and obese groups. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to measure oxidized HDL (OxHDL) and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations. Lipoprotein subfractions were separated using nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.ResultsAn independent association was shown between increased OxHDL/HDL-cholesterol ratio and the occurrence of metabolically unhealthy phenotype in the overweight and obese groups. The OxHDL/HDL-cholesterol ratio showed excellent and acceptable diagnostic accuracy in determination of metabolic health phenotypes (overweight group, AUC = 0.881; obese group, AUC = 0.765). Accumulation of smaller HDL particles in metabolically unhealthy subjects was verified by lipoprotein subfraction analysis. SAA concentrations did not differ significantly between phenotypes.ConclusionsIncreased OxHDL/HDL-cholesterol ratio may be a potential indicator of disturbed metabolic health in overweight and obese individuals.

Impact of Menopause and Body Composition Status on Dyslipidemia in Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Wooten ◽  
Benjamin L. Webb ◽  
Nancy M. DiMarco ◽  
David L. Nichols ◽  
Charlotte F. Sanborn
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Regional Body Composition ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of menopausal and body composition statuses on measures of total and regional body composition and dyslipidemia in women. Methods: Sedentary, non-smoking women (N = 212), not currently treated for dyslipidemia were grouped based on 2 categories: (1) menstrual status: premenopausal or postmenopausal and (2) body composition status: normal weight (NW; BMI < 25 kg/m2 and body fat (BF) < 36%), normal weight obese (NWO; BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BF > 36%), or obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2 and BF > 36%), to determine differences in total and regional body composition and measures of lipid and lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations. Results: Overall, a greater prevalence of NWO was observed in postmenopausal versus premenopausal women. Being postmenopausal was associated with higher TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, HDL-C, and HDL3-C. Premenopausal NWO women had elevated LDL-C and VLDL-C comparable to obese women. Postmenopausal NWO women had elevated Tg and VLDL-C and lower HDL-C similar to obese women. Conclusions: Menopausal status was not associated with differences in fat distribution, however, the age-related differences in lipids and lipoproteins appear to be due to a difference in menopausal status exacerbated in women who are NWO.

scholarly journals Does metabolic health in overweight and obesity persist? – Individual variation and cardiovascular mortality over two decades

2016 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akaal Kaur ◽  
Desmond G Johnston ◽  
Ian F Godsland
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Objective Overweight and obese individuals may be metabolically healthy, but attention needs to be given to long-term persistence of this trait and any associated variation in cardiovascular risk. Design Cross-sectional and longitudinal variation in metabolic health and associated cardiovascular mortality were analysed in 1099 white European-origin normal-weight and overweight or obese males followed for 20years. Methods Definitions of metabolic health were based on LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose and cardiovascular risk. Insulin resistance (e.g. HOMA-IR) and sub-clinical inflammation (ESR and white blood cell count) were explored. Cardiovascular mortality risks and persistence of metabolic health status were evaluated. Results There were 87 cardiovascular deaths. Insulin resistance was increased in metabolically healthy overweight or obese participants (median HOMA-IR 2.63, 95% CI: 1.79–3.65, P<0.001) relative to normal-weight participants (median HOMA-IR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.08–2.67, P<0.001) as was sub-clinical inflammation but metabolically healthy overweight or obese individuals were not at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality compared with the metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals (hazard ratio 1.13, 95% CI: 0.34–3.72, P=0.8). The proportions of initially metabolically healthy overweight or obese who remained metabolically healthy for visits 2, 3 and 4 were 54, 48 and 39% respectively, and for initially normal-weight individuals, 68, 51 and 41%. A lower proportion of metabolically healthy overweight or obese individuals remained metabolically healthy at visit 2 compared with normal-weight individuals (P=0.007), but proportions converged thereafter. Conclusions Despite being insulin resistant and having greater sub-clinical inflammation, and despite instability in metabolic health status, metabolically healthy overweight or obese individuals were at no greater risk of cardiovascular mortality than their normal-weight equivalents.

scholarly journals The association between body composition and metabolically unhealthy profile of adults with normal weight in Northwest China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248782
Author(s):  
Ling Fan ◽  
Jiangwei Qiu ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Ting Yin ◽  
Xiaoxia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Insight Into

Objective Related evidences of metabolically unhealthy profile of adults with normal weight are not well characterized in the Chinese population. This is because they cannot be effectively identified by regular measurements (such as body mass index [BMI]). To overcome this gap in literature, this study aimed at investigating the association between body composition and metabolically unhealthy profile in Chinese adults with normal weight. Methods A total of 5427 individuals with normal-weight were recruited from 15820 people living in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in Northwest China. Normal-weight was defined as a BMI of 18.5–23.9 kg/m2. Metabolically unhealthy profile was assessed by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUHNW) profile was defined in individuals who had normal weight and at least two cardiometabolic risk factors. Generalized linear model was used to investigate the association between body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance and metabolically unhealthy profile in adults with normal-weight. Results The percentage of metabolically unhealthy profile was 35.86% in adults with normal weight. Different MUHNW distributions were found between males and females depending on age. The percentage of the MUHNW profile significantly increased in women after the age of 55, contrary to men. The association between body composition and MUHNW was affected by age and sex. The increased adiposity indices (fat mass index [FMI], visceral fat level [VFL], waist circumference [WCF]), and reduced skeletal muscle mass ratio [SMR] showed significant differences between MUHNW and metabolically healthy with normal weight (MHNW) (p < 0.05). Conclusion The distribution of MUHNW differed between ages and sexes. FMI, VFL, WCF and SMR could be responsible for the MUHNW adults, providing a new insight into the potential metabolic risks for the adults with normal weight in China. This directs us in the management of the MUHNW for their early prevention.

scholarly journals The Association Between Parity and Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-Weight in Chinese Postmenopausal Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengte Shi ◽  
Xinhe Zhou ◽  
Chao Zheng ◽  
Youjin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Drinking Status ◽  
Chinese Postmenopausal Women

Abstract BackgroundStudies analyzing the association between parity and metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUHNW) individuals in postmenopausal women remain limited, this study aimed to explore the association between parity and MUHNW among Chinese postmenopausal women.MethodsIn total, 776 normal-weight undiagnosed type 2 diabetes postmenopausal women who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University for a routine health check-up between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019 were included in the study. All individuals had fully completed information records encompassing standardized electronic medical records, physical examinations, and biochemical measurements. The association between parity and MUHNW was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsCompared to women with a parity of one, the odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of the parity 2, 3, and ≥4 groups were observed to be 1.40 (0.89, 2.20), 2.00 (1.16, 3.44) and 1.87 (0.96, 3.62), respectively, with P for trend < 0.05 after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Women with a higher parity (≥3) had an increased OR of abdominal obesity, while the OR (95% CI) of the parity 3 group was 2.54 (1.46, 4.40) and that of the parity 4 group was 4.25 (2.11, 8.56), the P for trend < 0.001 after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), education level, first-degree relatives of patients with diabetes, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, physical activity, pregnancy losses, age at menarche, and duration of reproductive years. No significant differences were detected for other metabolic disorders including high levels of triglycerides (TG), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in different parity groups.ConclusionHigher parity was associated with a higher risk of MUHNW in Chinese postmenopausal women. Accordingly, it may be plausible that parity serves as a risk factor for metabolic disorders irrespective of BMI, and abdominal obesity may play an important role in metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Obesity phenotypes and their relationships with atrial fibrillation

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12342
Author(s):  
Szu-Ying Tsai ◽  
Hsin-Hao Chen ◽  
Hsin-Yin Hsu ◽  
Ming-Chieh Tsai ◽  
Le-Yin Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Wide Confidence Interval ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Weight Groups

Background This study assessed the associations of metabolic obesity phenotypes with the risk of atrial fibrillation (Afib). Methods This prospective cohort study categorized Taiwanese adults according to their body mass index (BMI) and metabolic health status at baseline. We assigned the participants to the underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI = 18.5–23.9 kg/m2), and overweight/obesity groups (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2). Metabolically healthy was defined as absence of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia and the presence of healthy metabolic profiles. Results In total, 5,742 adults were included. During a median follow-up of 13.7 years, 148 patients developed Afib. Compared to the metabolically healthy normal weight group, the risk of Afib was significantly higher than those in the metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (hazard ratio = 2.20, 95% confidence interval [1.12–4.33]) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight groups (HR = 2.64, 95% CI [1.34–5.17]). Additionally, the point estimate suggested a 1.97-fold greater risk among the metabolically healthy overweight/obesity group, although this difference was not significant given the wide confidence interval (HR = 1.97, 95% CI [0.80–4.86]). Conclusion Our results demonstrated the relationships of metabolic health and weight regarding the risk of Afib in Taiwanese adults. The Afib risk among metabolic and obesity phenotypes is associated with a metabolically unhealthy status. A trend toward a higher Afib risk with obesity among metabolically healthy subjects was observed. However, the result was not robust and it still suggested further study.

Metabolically healthy obesity was significantly associated with increased risk of gallstones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailimai Man ◽  
Yongxiang Gao ◽  
Jun Lv ◽  
Mingkun Tong ◽  
Jianchun Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Objective The risk of gallstones among metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) individuals is largely unexplored. Therefore, the present study investigated the association between MHO and gallstones in a health check-up cohort of Chinese adults. Design A prospective cohort study. Methods Participants included 58,862 individuals from the MJ health check-up cohort aged ≥ 18 years without history of gallstones at baseline. Gallstones were diagnosed using abdominal B-type ultrasound. Metabolically healthy was defined as not having any one of the components of metabolic syndrome. Obesity was identified by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Participants were cross-classified at baseline by metabolic health and obesity. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gallstones across BMI categories were estimated with Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results During a median follow-up of 3.0 (interquartile range, 1.6-6.1) years, 1,269 participants developed gallstones. Individuals with MHO (HR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.09 for BMI criteria; HR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.37, 2.21 for WC criteria) had significantly higher risk of gallstones than those with metabolically healthy normal weight. In metabolically healthy individuals, BMI and WC both displayed linear dose-response relationships with gallstones (P for non-linearity > 0.05). The association between MHO and gallstones remained unchanged when using different criteria for metabolic health and obesity. Conclusions MHO was significantly associated with gallstones, suggesting that obesity can independently contribute to gallstones development, even among metabolically healthy individuals. These findings emphasize that metabolically healthy individuals may still benefit from maintaining normal body weight to prevent gallstones.

Dysmetabolic features of the overweight patients receiving antipsychotic drugs: A comparison with normal weight and obese subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Manu ◽  
C.-U. Correll ◽  
M. Wampers ◽  
R. van Winkel ◽  
W. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Post Challenge

AbstractBackground:Extensive research indicates that obesity, defined by a body mass index (BMI) greater or equal to 30, is common in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs and is frequently associated with carbohydrate and lipid abnormalities leading to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. In contrast, the metabolic health of overweight patients (BMI = 25–29.9) without metabolic syndrome or diabetes has not been thoroughly investigated.Objective:To assess the metabolic health of overweight patients receiving antipsychotic drugs.Methods:We compared standard metabolic parameters (BMI; waist circumference; hemoglobin A1c; fasting lipids; and fasting and post-challenge glucose and insulin) of normal weight, overweight and obese individuals from a consecutive cohort of antipsychotic-treated patients without metabolic syndrome and/or diabetes.Results:Compared with the normal weight subjects (n = 286), overweight patients (n = 212) had higher fasting insulin resistance as assessed with the homeostatic model (P = 0.023), insulin secretion during the oral glucose tolerance test (P = 0.0037), triglycerides (P = 0.0004) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.0089), and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.0014). The obese (n = 50) were different from the overweight subjects only with respect to higher post-challenge insulin levels (P = 0.0002). The average fasting glucose, post-challenge glucose, and hemoglobin A1c, severity of psychiatric disorders and antipsychotics used were similar in the three groups.Conclusions:Overweight (BMI = 25–29.9) patients receiving antipsychotics are metabolically closer to the obese than to normal weight counterparts. The findings suggest that interventions promoting weight loss and metabolic health are required for overweight patients even in the absence of metabolic syndrome or diabetes.

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