scholarly journals Energy Balance of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Grown for Energy Purposes

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Kolarikova ◽  
Bohumil Havrland ◽  
Tatiana Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Spring Harvest

Abstract This article discusses the energy balance of the hemp biomass from the autumn and spring harvest which was used for the production of briquettes. The hemp plant (Cannabis sativa L.) used in this work is the variety Bialobrzeskie that was harvested on a trial plot in Prague-Suchdol in 2009 - 2010. Moisture content (MC), gross calorific value (GCV) and other technical parameters were evaluated for samples from the harvest of both periods. The autumn harvest results led to the assumption that the gross energy yield of the culture per superficies was 186.3 GJ ha-1. As compared to the previous results the spring harvest gave a gross energetic output of 161.4 GJ ha-1. The autumn harvest required more energy inputs compared to the spring harvest with values of 22.2 GJ ha-1 and 16.9 GJ ha-1 respectively. The most energy-consuming aspects of the biomass production were fuels (autumn) and the energy linked to the chemicals used (spring). Regardless of the higher net energy yield in autumn it was found that a spring harvest should be preferred because of its Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI) is 8.6. This is higher than for the autumn harvest (7.4).

scholarly journals Nitrogen and energy balance of a short-rotation poplar forest system.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. van Veen ◽  
H. Breteler ◽  
J.J. Olie ◽  
M.J. Frissel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
The Mean

The mean annual dry matter production of a short-rotation poplar forest in the Netherlands was 14.4 tonnes ha-1 during a 5-year growing period. During the growing period trees took up 542 kg N ha-1 of which 64 % was in the bole and branches. In the 5th year denitrification was measured in undisturbed columns in the field by the acetylene-inhibition technique. An annual denitrification rate of 18 kg N ha-1 was estimated on the basis of the observed N2O profile. The system needed an annual input of 122 kg N ha-1 to balance the nitrogen budget. The energy balance showed that at the present dry matter production the system had a net output of 54 GJ ha-1 year-1. An increase in dry matter production to a maximum of 25 tonnes ha-1 year-1, possible by planting the trees at a higher density, would raise the net energy output to 97 GJ ha-1 year-1, in spite of higher energy inputs associated with fertilizer applications. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Generation, characteristics and energy potential of solid municipal waste in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ityona Amber ◽  
Daniel M. Kulla ◽  
Nicholas Gukop
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Water ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Solid Municipal Waste

The generation, characteristics and energy potential of municipal solid waste for power generation in Nigeria is presented in this paper. Nigeria generates 0.44-0.66 kg/capita/day of MSW with a waste density of 200-400 kg/m3 leading to large volumes of poorly managed waste. The direct burning of these wastes as a waste management option in the open air at elevated temperatures liberates heat energy, inert gases and ash which can be conveniently used for power generation and other applications. The net energy yield depends upon the density and composition of the waste; relative percentage of moisture and inert materials, size and shape of the constituents and design of the combustion system. MSW samples used in this study were obtained randomly from different dump sites in selected state capitals, at least one from each of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria based on the spot sampling method of Corbit. An average calorific value of 17.23 MJ/kg with variable high water content of 20-49% was determined for MSW using a bomb calorimeter and on the basis of an incineration plant of capacity 1500 ton of MSW/day, 700kW/day of power can be generated.

Establishing an energy balance for crop-based digestion

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Salter ◽  
C. J. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Energy Balance Analysis

The paper examines methods for calculating energy surpluses through anaerobic digestion and gives some examples of the practical application of these in crop-based systems. The surplus energy is the balance between that produced as a usable energy source and that used in crop production, conversion of the biomass into biogas, and conversion of biogas into a usable form: these are the direct energy inputs. The energy balance also takes into account the embedded energy used in the construction of machinery and buildings and for their repair and maintenance: the indirect energy inputs. The area of land available for fuel production is finite and therefore the energy yield is best considered on a per hectare basis. This allows comparison of energy conversion efficiency where the biomass yield for that area may vary depending on a range of inputs, e.g. rate of fertiliser application or irrigation requirements. It also allows direct comparison between different crop species or varieties within a single species. For an accurate energy balance analysis direct and indirect energy requirements have to be established for all the stages in the crop-based energy production cycle.

scholarly journals Bio-energetics of black gram (Phaseolus mungo) as influenced by different weed control practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
K. D. Rajput ◽  
J. P. Bholane ◽  
A.S. Latkar ◽  
V.M. Bhale
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Input Ratio

A field investigation was carried out during kharif season in 2010 at Agronomy Department Farm,Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, to evaluate the energy inputs, energy output, net energy gain and output input ratio of different weed control practices in black gram. It is observed that in herbicidal treatments, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha followed by cultural treatment of two hand weedings at 15 and 30 days after sowing recorded more energy inputs, while weedy check treatment incurred minimum energy input among all the treatments. Whereas, weed free treatment computed maximum energy output and energy balance followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha treatment. Similarly weed free and post emergence application (15 DAS) of fenoxyprop-p-ethyl @ 0.125 kg/ha were resulted in higher energy balance per unit input and output-input ratio than weedy check treatment.

scholarly journals Regulation of Nutritional Metabolism in Transition Dairy Goats: Energy Balance, Liver Activity, and Insulin Resistance in Response to Berberine Supplementation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2236
Author(s):  
Navid Ghavipanje ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Fathi Nasri ◽  
Seyyed Homayoun Farhangfar ◽  
Seyyed Ehsan Ghiasi ◽  
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Liver Activity

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the alleviating effects of the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine (BBR) on the energy balance (EB), glucose and insulin metabolism, and liver functionality in transition dairy goats, as reflected by blood metabolites and enzymes. Twenty-four primiparous Saanen goats were randomly allocated to four groups. Goats in each group received, ad libitum, the same basal diet during the pre- and post-partum periods of evaluation. Goats received daily0, 1, 2, or 4 g BBR (coded as CON, BBR1, BBR2, and BBR4, respectively). Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were recorded daily. Blood samples were collected on days −21, −14, −7, 0, 7, 14, and 21 relative to kidding, and individual body condition scores (BCSs) were also recorded. Supplementation with either BBR2 or BBR4 increased (p < 0.05) pre- and post-partum DMI, increasing (p < 0.05) the intakes of net energy for lactating and metabolizable proteins. BBR2 and BBR4 increased (p < 0.05) post-partum milk production as well as fat-corrected milk (FCM), energy-corrected milk (ECM), and feed efficiency, indicating the alleviating effect of BBR on the negative energy balance (NEB) in transition goats. The daily ingestion of either 2 or 4 g BBR reduced (p < 0.05) plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and increased (p < 0.05) the dynamic change in the liver activity index (LAI) and liver functionality index (LFI), implying its hepatoprotective effect on transition goats. Overall, the results suggest that BBR supplementation of at least 2 g/d may help to ameliorate insulin resistance (IR) and fat metabolism disorders initiated by the NEB in transition dairy goats.

Effect of Diethylstilbestrol on Utilization of Energy by the Growing Chick

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Hill ◽  
L. B. Carew ◽  
A. van Tienhoven
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Energy Gains ◽  
Total Tissue

Increased fat production in diethylstilbestrol-treated chicks was found to be due primarily to increased energy consumption and to a lesser extent to preferential synthesis of fat at the expense of protein tissue. This was shown in experiments comparing normal and estrogen-treated male chicks with respect to gains in live weight, fat and protein at two planes of nutrition, and the yield of metabolizable and productive (net) energy which they obtained from the diet. It was found that the fattening effect could not be due to increased digestibility, increased net energy yield from absorbed nutrients, or lowered heat production. Under the influence of estrogen, total tissue gain expressed in Calories was increased, and was composed of greater fat gain and lower protein gain. Tissue energy gains were a linear function of metabolizable energy consumption. This relationship predicted equal tissue energy gains under pair-feeding conditions, which was confirmed experimentally.

Methane suppression by coconut oil and associated effects on nutrient and energy balance in sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Machmüller ◽  
M. Kreuzer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Gaseous Exchange ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Methane Reduction

Three different diets with increasing proportions of coconut oil (0, 3.5 and 7%) were fed to six sheep in an incomplete Latin square experiment with four replicates per diet. The diets were composed of hay and concentrates either without or with coconut oil. Concentrate comprised 28.8 and 54.6% of the diet DM in the treatments containing 3.5 and 7% coconut oil, respectively. Wethers on all treatments were fed at 1.2 × maintenance. Gaseous exchange was measured in respiratory chambers. Protozoa counts were reduced (P < 0.05) by 88 and 97% when diets contained 3.5 and 7% coconut oil, respectively, whereas bacteria counts increased (P < 0.05). Supplementation of coconut oil at proportions of 3.5 and 7% suppressed (P < 0.001) methane production by 28 and 73%, respectively, as related to the unsupplemented diet. This proportionately reduced (P < 0.001) the amount of gross energy lost through methane from 7.5 to 5.7 and 2.5%, in diets containing 0, 3.5 and 7% coconut oil, respectively. Assuming a linear suppressive effect of coconut oil, about half of the additional methane reduction with the 7% coconut oil diet as compared with the 3.5% diet was attributed to the substitution of concentrate for hay. Digestibility of cell wall constituents was numerically decreased by coconut oil. Apart from this and its effect on methane emissions coconut oil had no major influence on digestion or on energy and nitrogen balance. Key words: Coconut oil, methane, energy balance, sheep, ruminants

scholarly journals Performance analysis of photovoltaic plants installed in dairy cattle farms

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Remo Alessio Malagnino
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Global Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Electric production from renewable resources, such as solar photovoltaic (PV), is playing an increasingly essential role in the agricultural industry because of the progressive increase in the energy price from fossil fuels and the simultaneous decrease in the income deriving from farming activities. A central issue in the sustainable diffusion of PV technologies is represented by the actual energy efficiency of a PV system. For these reasons, a performance analysis has been carried out in order to assess the potentials offered by different PV plants within a defined geographical context with the aim of investigating the impact of each component has on the PV generator global efficiency and defining the main technical parameters that allow to maximise the annual specific electric energy yield of an architectonically integrated plant, installed in a dairy house, compared to a ground-mounted plant. The annual performances of three grid connected PV plants installed in the same dairy cattle farm have been analysed: two are architectonically integrated plants - <em>i.e.</em>, a rooftop unidirectional and a multi-field systems (both 99 kW<sub>p</sub>) - and the other is a ground-mounted plant (480 kW<sub>p</sub>). Furthermore, the electrical performances, estimated by the photovoltaic geographical information system (PVGIS), developed by the EU Joint Research Centre, and by an analytical estimation procedure (AEP), developed on the basis of a meteo-climatic database related to the records of the nearest weather station and integrated by the components’ technical specifications, have been compared with the actual yields. The best annual performance has been given by the ground-mounted PV system, with an actual increase of 26% and in the range of 6÷12% according to different estimations, compared to the integrated systems, which were globally less efficient (average total loss of 26÷27% compared to 24% of the ground-mounted system). The AEP and PVGIS software estimates showed a good level of reliability for mean deviations between the annual actual and estimated electrical power yields have been equal to 11.5% for each PV system given the actual irradiation’ s uncertainty during the examined year. The main technical parameters, crucial to maximise the energy yield from a ground-mounted PV system to an integrated one, have been identified in the Tilt and Azimuth angles. Indeed, once a variance of 3÷4% in the global efficiency has been confirmed when the type of PV system is changed, in the case of the unidirectional integrated PV plant, the high roof pitch and the almost South orientation guarantee a solar energy increase up to 18% higher than that obtainable on the horizontal plane and similar to the increase estimated for the ground-mounted generator (+20%). Hence, integrated PV systems, besides reaching the same levels of energy efficiency as those ground-mounted, are also more <em>sustainable</em> than the latter. This is true providing that there are both a suitable orientation and an accurate design, especially to prevent the PV panels’ warming during summer, on an already available surface that is, however, functional to the roof’s architecture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document