scholarly journals The potential of data exploration methods in identifying the relationship between short-period (daily) water consumption and meteorological factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Piasecki ◽  
Agnieszka Pilarska ◽  
Radosław Golba
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Increase Water Consumption ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of the work was to identify the hidden relationship between water consumption and meteorological factors, using principal component analysis. In addition, clusters of similar days were identified based on relationships identified by k-means. The study was based on data from the city of Toruń (Poland). The analysis was based on daily data from 2014–2017 divided into three groups. Group I included data from the entire period, Group II- from warm half-years (April–September), and Group III-from cold half-years (January–March and October–December). For Groups I and II the extent of water consumption was explained by two principal components. PC1 includes variables that increase water consumption, and PC2 includes variables that lessen water demand. In Group III, water consumption was not linked to any component. The k-means method was used to identify clusters of similar days. In terms of PC1, the most numerous days were Saturdays, and in terms of PC2 Sundays and holidays. It was determined that further research aimed at explaining the specificity of water consumption on particular days of the week is appropriate.

scholarly journals Dermatoglyphic appraisal of multiple births women in Igbo-Ora and Ogbomosho, South west, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1744-1751
Author(s):  
Kehinde T. Adenowo ◽  
Olugbenga O. Eweoya ◽  
Olugbemi T. Olaniyan ◽  
Abayomi Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
South West ◽  
Group I ◽  
Palm Print ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Palmar Flexion ◽  
Palmar Flexion Creases

The scientific study of epidermal ridges on the palms and toes is termed dermatoglyphics. Multiple births occur when more than one fetus results  from a single pregnancy. This study is aimed at determining the relationship if any between multiple births and palmar flexion creases. Two  hundred Igbo-Ora and one hundred Ogbomosho healthy and consenting adult female indigenes aged between 25-50 years were recruited and grouped into 4; group I consisted of multiple births women in Igbo-Ora; group II consisted of single births women in Igbo-Ora; group III consisted of multiple births women in Ogbomosho; and group IV consisted of single births women in Ogbomosho. A total of 600 palms (Igbo-Ora n=400; Ogbomosho n=200) comprising of both hands were used in the study. Palm prints samples were obtained by asking the participants to wash their hands, towel dry them, after which they were stained with stamp ink pad and prints made on A4 paper in duplicates. Palm print patterns of 105 (Igbo-Ora) and 50 (Ogbomosho) women with multiple births were compared with 95 (Igbo-Ora) and 50 (Ogbomosho) women with single births. The percentage number of primary, P and intersection, I of palmar creases with complete transverse creases, C (PIC) 300 bilaterally was significantly  greater (p < 0.005) in the hands of Igbo-Ora multiple births women (52.4 %) than their single births women (37.4%) while same trend was observed for Ogbomosho women although difference was statistically insignificant,(p > 0.005). In both Igbo-Ora and Ogbomosho women, PIC 310 bilaterally was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in both hands of single births women than the multiple births women. Hence, dermatoglyphics can be said to have relationship with a woman’s tendency to giving birth to multiples. Keywords: Multiple births, dermatoglyphics, palmar flexion creases, Ogbomosho, Igbo-Ora

Consumer’s perceptions of organic foods in Ambato, Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-280
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Castro Analuiza ◽  
Cristina Checa Morales ◽  
José Perea
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Organic Foods ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
Conventional Foods

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the factors that explain consumers purchasing behavior towards organic food products in Ambato (Ecuador). Methodology: Data were collected from a survey of 1,500 organic consumers and other 1,500 consumers who prefer conventional foods, and analyzed using multivariate techniques. Results: Principal component analysis identified four factors which explain the buying behavior of organic consumers: Belief in health benefits, quality and taste attributes; belief in environmental benefits; and contextual issues. Cluster analysis identified three groups of organic consumers: organic consumers interested in self benefit and highly influenced by contextual aspects (Group I), organic consumers interested in expected environment benefits (Group II) and organic consumers very interested in self benefits and less affected by contextual aspects (Group III). The relationships established in organic consumers are different to conventional consumers. This defines different variables that explain the purchase process. The socio-demographics profiles were different in gender and occupation; women and free license workers were more frequently interested in buying organic foods. Limitations: The study was carried out in the city of Ambato that could be considered representative of the Ecuadorian urban society. The results should be complemented by future studies focused on other cities or rural areas. Practical implications: Results suggest that the Ecuadorian organic sector follows the developing patterns identified in the Western countries. This implies that the promotion and practical support for the organic sector should be focused on strengthening positive attitudes towards organic purchases.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE AND NON-COGNITIVE CHARACTERISTICS PREDICTING ACADEMIC SUCCESS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Yadav ◽  
Noor us Saba ◽  
Mohd. Tariq Zaidi ◽  
Nafis Ahmad Faruqi ◽  
Mohd. Faheem
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Medical undergraduates need to possess the ability to acquire knowledge on a wide range of subjects over short period of time. Medical schools worldwide use different methodologies to select ideal candidates, which include cognitive factors and non-cognitive factors. A proper selection will minimize failures during the beginning semesters and will ensure student’s capacity to withstand the standard of training. Therefore, we have decided to study the impact of cognitive and non-cognitive factors in predicting the academic success among medical students. Material & Methods: The study was a survey of 150 first year medical students of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, admitted in 2018. A data was collected from the Department of Anatomy for initial three part completion tests performance and class attendance, which was tabulated along with the information received from the questionnaire i.e. age, gender, percent secured and language in school, National eligibility cum entrance test (NEET) attempt and marks, residence, category for premedical (PMT) selection (general/ non-resident Indians (NRIs)/ handicap), parents occupation, siblings, family (nuclear/joint/rural/urban), hobbies, time management during PC (part completion) tests, coaching before PMT) given to each student separately. Observation & Results: Students were observed to lie in three groups according to their performance in PC tests: group I (>60%), group II (50-59.9%), group III (<50%). All the cognitive and non-cognitive factors were compared. Conclusion: Both cognitive and non-cognitive factors play an important role in the outcome of a medical student. Factors positively influencing the performance of a selected candidate in medical schools cannot be simply based on previous academic performance.

scholarly journals Chemotypes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) essential oil from four different states of Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1035-1042
Author(s):  
Franciele da Silva Quemel ◽  
Andira Pricila Dantas ◽  
Lincon Sanches ◽  
Ana Cláudia Graças Alves Viana ◽  
Eloísa Schneider Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Chemical Class

Turmeric or curcuma (Curcuma longa L.) is a Zingiberaceae whose essential oil and coloring pigments obtained from the rhizome have been widely used in the food industry and medicine. This study aimed to extract and identify the chemical compounds found in C. longa essential oil from rhizomes collected in six different locations of Brazil. The oil extraction was carried out by hydrodistillation technique, using a Clevenger- type apparatus. The chemical constituents were identified by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The principal component analysis (PCA) and the hierarchical cluster analysis (cluster)were done for the obtained data; and the composition of the studied accesses was verified. Three groups of chemotypes were obtained: group I was formed by the accesses of Campo Grande / Indígena-MS, Mara Rosa-GO, Campo Grande-MS and Perobal-PR, and had Ar-turmerone as its main compound; group II, formed by the access of Santa Tereza do Oeste-PR, presented α-costol and α-Phellandrene as the predominant compounds; and group III, the access of Holambra-SP, differed from the others regarding its essential oil chemical composition whose main agents were Curlone, Zingiberene, β-sesquiphellandrene, Humulene epoxide II, cis-α-trans-Bergamotol. The predominant chemical class in all accesses was hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (Santa Tereza do Oeste-PR and Holambra-SP) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (the others). This study evidenced the formation of three chemotypes

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Dental Caries and YKL-40 Levels in Saliva

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülsüm Duruk ◽  
Esra Laloglu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pufa Index ◽  
Icdas Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective : YKL-40, a new biomarker of localized inflammation, is secreted by macrophages and regulates inflammation and immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate YKL-40 levels in saliva and compare the level of this mediator in healthy and unhealthy oral cavity. Methods: 85 children (46 girls, 39 boys), aged 6-15 (mean±SD: 9.15±2.16) were included in this study. The children were divided into three groups: Group-I (control, n=25, DMFT/dmft=0), Group-II (n=30, exist of localized dental caries) and Group-III (n=30, exist of localized advanced dental caries). Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), DMFT/dmft, DMFS/dmfs, and the number of advanced dental caries according to the ICDAS II and PUFA/pufa index were recorded. Saliva was collected and YKL-40 concentrations were measured. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc, Kruskal-Wallis, multiple regression analysis, and Sperman’s correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The highest level of YKL-40 was obtained in group III , followed by groups II and I , respectively (p<0.01). In Group II, DMFT/dmft scores and the number of caries (DT/dt) were higher than in group III (p<0.01). In group III, there was a statistically significant correlation between YKL-40 levels in saliva and the number of advanced dental caries. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of age and gender (p>0.05). Conclusion: Advanced dental caries, rather than DMFT/dmft score, may play an important role in the increasing levels of YKL-40 in saliva.

scholarly journals PCA-Based Identification of Built Environment Factors Reducing PM2.5 Pollution in Neighborhoods of Five Chinese Megacities

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Ming Chen ◽  
Fei Dai
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Relationship

Air pollution, especially PM2.5 pollution, still seriously endangers the health of urban residents in China. The built environment is an important factor affecting PM2.5; however, the key factors remain unclear. Based on 37 neighborhoods located in five Chinese megacities, three relative indicators (the range, duration, and rate of change in PM2.5 concentration) at four pollution levels were calculated as dependent variables to exclude the background levels of PM2.5 in different cities. Nineteen built environment factors extracted from green space and gray space and three meteorological factors were used as independent variables. Principal component analysis was adopted to reveal the relationship between built environment factors, meteorological factors, and PM2.5. Accordingly, 24 models were built using 32 training neighborhood samples. The results showed that the adj_R2 of most models was between 0.6 and 0.8, and the highest adj_R2 was 0.813. Four principal factors were the most important factors that significantly affected the growth and reduction of PM2.5, reflecting the differences in green and gray spaces, building height and its differences, relative humidity, openness, and other characteristics of the neighborhood. Furthermore, the relative error was used to test the error of the predicted values of five verification neighborhood samples, finding that these models had a high fitting degree and can better predict the growth and reduction of PM2.5 based on these built environment factors.

Can Cardiac Biomarkers (Troponin-I and CK-MB) Indicate Disease Severity and Predict Mortality in Septic Newborns?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşen Orman ◽  
Mustafa Maksut Altun ◽  
Samet Benli ◽  
Atika Çağlar ◽  
Erdal Taşkın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Sepsis Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aim: Sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality for newborn babies. Cardiac involvement plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and has a significant effect on prognosis. In this study, the relationship between cardiac biomarkers, such as troponin-I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) levels, and prognosis in neonatal sepsis were investigated.Methods: A total of 87 patients with culture positive sepsis (Group I, n = 26) or clinical sepsis (Group II, n =61) were included in the study. The control group (Group III) consisted of 42 non-septic otherwise healthy newborns. The demographic data of the cases (gestational age, postnatal age, gender, age at diagnosis) and laboratory examination results (complete blood count, C-reactive protein, cTnI, CK-MB, blood gases and lactate and culture-antibiogram results) were recorded in the previously prepared study forms. In addition, the outcome (survival or death), and short- and long-term prognosis of the cases (epilepsy, neuromotor disability, vision-hearing problems, etc.) were also recorded.Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of gender, gestational age and birth weight. CK-MB level was high in 77%, 74%, and 71% of cases for Group I, Group II and Group III, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in the rates of CK-MB levels in the patients who died and survived (15.8% and 11.8%, respectively) (p > 0.05). The cTnI cut-off value for the newborns included in the study was found to be 0.13 ng/ml (sensitivity 89.5%, specificity 90.9%). It was observed that a 0.001 unit increase in cTnI value (p =0.012) increased the risk of death 1.4 times.Conclusion: There is a relationship between cTnI test abnormality and mortality in septic newborns. However, multi-center studies involving more cases are needed to determine the relationship between cTnI test abnormality and long-term prognosis of patients.

scholarly journals Long-term motor and sensory outcomes after surgery for infantile esotropia

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Altınsoy ◽  
Gokcen Gokce ◽  
Osman Ceylan ◽  
Fatih Mutlu
Keyword(s):  
Group Iii ◽  
Infantile Esotropia ◽  
Initial Surgery ◽  
Group I ◽  
Additional Surgery ◽  
Angle Of Deviation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Aim. Infantile esotropia (ET), entitled as congenital ET, is defined as an alternating, cross-fixational ET that occurs within the first 6 months of life. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term motor and sensory outcomes after surgical correction of patients with infantile ET. Methods. Medical records of 108 consecutive children who had bimedial rectus recession (BMR) initially for ET were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 3 groups: the group I, surgery before one-year old; the group II, surgery between one and two-year old; the group III, surgery after two-year old. Results. No significant differences were determined among the groups for preoperative mean angle of deviation and refractive error (p > 0.05, for both). Development rate of dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) was greater (40%) in the group I, and the relationship between the rate of DVD and the timing of the initial surgery was statistically significant (p = 0.03). Risk for additional surgery was significantly greater in patients with a younger mean age at initial surgery (p = 0.01). Although measurable stereopsis rate was higher in the group I (35%, 32.4%, 27.8%, respectively) the difference among the groups was insignificant (p = 0.80). Conclusion. Patients with ET have limited potential of high grade stereoacuity despite the early alignment of eyes. Early surgery also has potential effects for the development of both inferior oblique overaction and DVD earlier.

scholarly journals Identification of Metal Contamination Sources and Evaluation of the Anthropogenic Effects in Soils near Traffic-Related Facilities

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Hong-gil Lee ◽  
Yoon Joo Byun ◽  
Young-Woo Chun ◽  
Hoe-Jung Noh ◽  
Dong-Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Input ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Traffic-related facilities typically have much lower metal emissions than other sources; however, they can be numerous and widespread as well. Subdividing pollution sources is necessary to assess soil contamination characteristics and identify sources according to the contamination cause. Anthropogenic contamination by metals was quantitatively determined using contamination factor (Cf) and evaluated using multivariate analysis. More than half of the concentrations for Zn, Pb, and Cu in soils were higher than that in the natural background (NB). Cf of metals was, in decreasing order, Zn > Pb = Cu > Ni = As. Zn, Pb, and Cu were identified as anthropogenic contaminants in correlation analysis. Principal component analysis showed that the two main contamination causes were coarse particles from the maintenance or crushing activities of vehicles and nonexhaust/exhaust emissions. Clusters were classified according to those two anthropogenic and lithogenic causes and included Group I (Zn, Pb, and Cu in garages, auto repair shops, and auto salvage yards), Group II (Zn, Pb, and Cu in parking lots, driving schools, and roadsides), and Group III (As and Ni with high lithogenic properties). Anthropogenic input and sources of soil contamination by metals in traffic-related facilities were appropriately estimated through the combination of Cf and multivariate analysis.

scholarly journals Influence of the anterior chamber depth on the accuracy of IOL optical power calculation in short eyes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Кирилл Борисович Першин ◽  
Надежда Федоровна Пашинова ◽  
Иван Александрович Лих ◽  
Александр Юрьевич Цыганков ◽  
Абдусамад Аристанович Ахраров
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Power Calculation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Retrospective Comparison ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. Determination of the relationship between the anterior chamber depth and the and accuracy of the IOL optical power calculating in the eyes with an axial length of less than 22 mm. Materials and methods. A total of 86 patients (133 eyes) with a short axis (from 18.54 to 21.98 (20.7 0.9) mm) were included in the study. Group I (n=40) consisted of patients with an ACD of less than 2, 5 mm. Group II (n=49) included patients with ACD from 2.5 to 2.9 mm Group III (n=44) included patients with ACD greater than 2.9 mm The calculation of the IOL optical power was carried out according to the formula SRK / T, retrospective comparison - according to the formulas Hoffer-Q, Holladay II, Olsen, Haigis and Barrett Universal II. Results. In group I, there were no significant differences when comparing MedAE for the six formulas (p0.05). The highest MedAE values ​​(0.51 and 0.49, respectively) and the smaller MNE range (-0.03 0.89 and -0.01 0.97, respectively) are shown for the formulas Haigis and Barrett Universal II. In group II, the MedAE for the Haigis formula was 0.45, for SRK / T and Olsen it was 0.59 and 0.66. For the Haigis formula, the lowest MNE value (0.05 0.69) is shown. In group III, no significant differences were found when comparing the average values ​​of MedAE (0.05). The lowest MedAE (0.17) and the best MNE values ​​(-0.01 0.58) are shown for the Haigis formula, while the SRK / T formula was characterized by the highest MedAE (0.37). In group II, the refractive index 0.25 and 0.50 D for the Haigis formula was significantly higher. Conclusion. For eyes with an ACD of less than 2.4 mm, none of the formulas showed a significant advantage, while with an ACD of 2.4-2.9 mm and higher, the use of the Haigis formula is recommended, and the SRK / T formula showed the worst result. The data obtained dictate the need to review existing standards for calculating the IOL optical power in patients with short eyes depending on ACD.

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