scholarly journals Evaluation of Selected Indicators Pointing at the Current Condition and Importance of Agricultural Land Protection in Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Zina Machničová
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Agricultural land is currently protected by many subjects and institutions. The characteristics of the soil in terms of its functions and importance for individuals or society from perspectives of several scientific disciplines is dealt with by several authors. The aim of the paper is to point out the current state and importance of the agricultural land protection in Slovakia in connection with the threats that affect its quantity and overall quality. The indicators as the area of agricultural land and the structure of the land fund, the evolution of agricultural land withdrawals for non-agricultural purposes and the current state or structure of legislation and institutions in the field of agricultural land protection in Slovakia were evaluated. The paper pointed out the important role of agricultural land in the country, as its area, especially with the majority of arable land and permanent grasslands, represents the majority of the total area of Slovakia. For several years, however, the volume of agricultural land has been steadily declining. This phenomenon is partly caused by the agricultural land withdrawals, which have now managed to stabilize at an average of 1000ha of withdrawn land per year. In Slovakia, there is currently a large number of legislative acts regulating the protection and agricultural land withdrawals, as well as a wide range of state and non-state institutions that operate in the field of agricultural land protection. The effectiveness of the implementation of legislation and the effectiveness of mutual cooperation of institutions seems questionable focusing on the current state of the land fund, which leads to the need to expand research on these aspects.

scholarly journals Agricultural Soil and Agricultural Land – Problems and Challenges from the View of Legal Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Martin Illáš
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relevant Field

AbstractAt present, the issue of agricultural land protection resonates in a wide range of scientific disciplines. Individual approaches to the subject are in line with the relevant field, but the basis should always be grounded in the current legislation. The paper is a technical description focused on identification of the basic terms, relations, problems, goals and challenges and possible legal or legislative solutions of the physical protection of the agricultural soil and the legal protection of the agricultural land as an object of legal relations in the Slovak Republic. Achievement the goals and their legal realisation is possible only if certain legal obstacles are resolved on the national level and level of European Union. This paper represents a basic analysis, which can possibly serve as a support for an attempt to resolve the defined problems by the legislative means.

scholarly journals Az „iránymutató vízió” szerepe a regionális fejlesztésekben, egy hazai agráripari vállalkozás tapasztalatai (The role of „guiding vision“ on regional developments and experiences of a domestic agro-industrial enterprise)

2013 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Szilvia Luda
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Scale Of Operation

A szerző tanulmányában külföldi és hazai példák alapján a fenntartható gazdaság kialakítására hoz példákat. Bemutat egy osztrák energiarégiót és egy magyar biodízelgyártó vállalkozást. Mindegyik esetre jellemző, hogy olyan társadalmi-gazdasági környezetet kell teremteni, hogy minden stakeholder a win-win megoldásban legyen érdekelt. _____ Agricultural land ownership and the desirable scale of operation have been the subjects of a plethora of studies. Mainstream research, however, has a tendency not to take the human factor into consideration. The unpredictability of economic policies, uncertainties about EU subsidies, the optimal scale of operation and industry- specific characteristics all constitute a far more exciting and reasonable research topic for the majority. According to literature, social support for the efforts and the existence of a clear “guiding vision” have a crucial role in the success of rural development strategies. Concerning the development of a region or village, it is important to determine whether there exists a leading personality, an example-setting entrepreneur or entrepreneurial group that can act as a fundamental driving force or an initiator in reforming the rural way of life; one that could help preserve positive rural values while nurturing economically successful enterprises. Experience has shown that success can only be built upon partnership and mutual cooperation.

scholarly journals Ecological and economic aspects of rational use and protection of land resources in Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (79) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Nahirniak ◽  
R. S. Grabovsky ◽  
M. R. Hrytsyna
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Land Protection ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
High Level

The current state of land use in Ukraine is characterized by high agricultural development and land cultivation. The predominant share in the total land stock of Ukraine is occupied by agricultural land (70.8% of the country's territory). Ukraine accounts for about 0.45% of the world land fund, while arable land occupies 2.4% of its world-wide area. According to resource-based indicators of land use Ukraine is also characterized by an extremely high level of development of living space and only about 8% of the territory can be attributed to anthropogenically unchanged. Ecological and economic aspects of land use include of rational land use, which characterizes the optimal involvement of all lands in economic circulation and their effective use for the main purpose, creation of favorable conditions for increasing productivity of agricultural land and obtaining from the unit of area the maximum amount of products at the lowest cost of labor and funds. The article substantiates that degradation of soils has its own characteristics, caused by various factors and processes. It is established that the practice of land use and the state of study of the above problems will require further study of the preconditions for the development of land degradation processes caused by the main factors: human economic activity and climatic and relief-ground conditions. The existing system of land protection in agriculture due to the influence of a number of natural and economic factors, as well as insufficient attention from the state does not ensure their rational use. Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to an integrated system of protection of agricultural land.

scholarly journals PRECONDITIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY: DOCTRINAL ISSUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Gerasymenko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Administrative Responsibility

A thorough analysis of liability for administrative offence is not possible without clear understanding of its preconditions. The problem of preconditions for administrative responsibility is directly related to administrative delictization of offenses, effectiveness of the fight against delict, prominent state policy in the field of law enforcement and law order. In this aspect, the role of the preconditions for administrative responsibility is a lot more important because they formulate proper foundations for achieving its general objectives. Thus, they determine the effectiveness of administrative responsibility at sectoral and general social levels. The importance of the definition is due to the urgent needs of rule-making and law enforcement practice, the effectiveness of which directly depends on how reasonable and appropriate each administrative delict norm is. Unfortunately, despite all its scientific and practical significance, the issue of preconditions for administrative liability has not been resolved yet. Therefore, there is a need to form unified, consistent scientific approach to understanding the grounds for administrative liability. To this end, the article provides a critical analysis of the basic doctrinal concepts of the preconditions of administrative responsibility. A wide range of social, economic, technical and other factors that determine the effectiveness of administrative responsibility, its current state, its dynamics and prospects for its development have been studied. Discovered the role of these factors in creating a favorable socio-economic and information-technical environment for the implementation of the main tasks of administrative responsibility, in particular: offences prevention, reliable protection of public relations and education of citizens in the spirit of law. The author concluded the scientific and practical expediency of the systematic study of the preconditions for establishing administrative responsibility (preconditions for administrative delictization) and the preconditions for the effectiveness of administrative responsibility.

scholarly journals Geographical view on agricultural land and structural changes plant production Montenegro

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
G. Rajović ◽  
J. Bulatović
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Production Volume

This paper analyzes agricultural land and structural changes in plant production Montenegro. The Montenegro represents a significant potential for agricultural development, but plant production insufficiently developed in relation to natural resources and the demands of intensive agricultural production. Average possession by agricultural holdings in 1960 amounts is 5.34 ha with only 2.05 ha arable area per agricultural holdings. Yet more unfavorable is the situation with arable surfaces. Namely, agricultural holdings in the Montenegro in 1960 are on average dispose with maximum of 0.74 ha of arable land. Judging by the size of the cultivated area, production volume, as well as according other parameters, plant production in the Montenegro in 2007, mainly used for meeting need households. A smaller area for is market. The role of the Montenegrin village and agriculture must be first-rate, as are its potentials, the main power future development of Montenegro. This requires radically new relationship between society and science to agriculture and the countryside. Instead of the existing approach in which they observed the preventive as producers of cheap food has to be developed a new concept, a comprehensive agricultural and rural development, which will be based on demographic, natural, economic and socio-cultural potential of Montenegro. 

scholarly journals Current State and Prospects for Use of Land Resources in Republic of Belarus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Andrey Kolmykov ◽  
Alexey Avdeev
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic

All land of the Republic of Belarus can be classified by categories (7 categories), types of lands (14 types), land users, forms of ownership and types of rights to land plots. The total area of land in the Republic of Belarus is 20760 thousand hectares, including agricultural land occupies 9103.0 thousand hectares (43.8%) of the total area of the republic; settlements, horticultural associations, dacha cooperatives - 849.0 thousand hectares (4.1%); industry, transport, communications, energy, defense and other purposes - 622.2 thousand hectares (3.0%); environmental, health, recreational, historical and cultural purposes - 868.7 thousand hectares (4.2%); forest fund - 8656.4 thousand hectares (41.7%); water fund - 37.3 thousand hectares (0.2%); reserve land - 623.4 thousand hectares (3.0%). The basis of the land resources used in the agro-industrial complex of the republic is arable land, meadows and land under permanent crops, which in general occupy 8387.1 thousand hectares, or 40.4% of the total area of land. The state owns 20683.6 thousand hectares (99.63%) of land, private property - 76.4 thousand hectares (0.37%) of the total area of all lands of the republic. In terms of environmental stability, the territory of the republic belongs to medium-stable territories, the coefficient of environmental stability is 0.63, and in terms of the degree of anthropogenic load - to territories with a relatively low anthropogenic load, the coefficient of anthropogenic load is 2.79.

Trafalgar: Back on the Map of British Popular Culture? Assessing the 2005 Bicentenary

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Young People ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Historical Awareness ◽  
Long Term Impact

This chapter explores the current state of knowledge about, and national identification with, Nelson, Trafalgar, and Britain's maritime past, based on observations of a wide range of academic and public bicentenary events, media, and interviews with several groups of (primarily young) people over the course of 2005. The chapter strikes a sceptical note on the long-term impact of 2005 on historical awareness: without direct state intervention in the National Curriculum, it appears difficult to see how the role of the Navy, Nelson, and the sea can be more fully instilled in British life.

scholarly journals Natural Compounds as Modulators of NADPH Oxidases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tullia Maraldi
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nadph Oxidases ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cellular signals generated ubiquitously by all mammalian cells, but their relative unbalance triggers also diseases through intracellular damage to DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. NADPH oxidases (NOX) are the only known enzyme family with the sole function to produce ROS. The NOX physiological functions concern host defence, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. On the other hand, increased NOX activity contributes to a wide range of pathological processes, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, organ failure, and cancer. Therefore targeting these enzymatic ROS sources by natural compounds, without affecting the physiological redox state, may be an important tool. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the role of NOX enzymes in physiology and pathology and provides an overview of the currently available NADPH oxidase inhibitors derived from natural extracts such as polyphenols.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenomic and pharmacogenetic-guided therapy as a tool in precision medicine: current state and factors impacting acceptance by stakeholders

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREGORY P. HESS ◽  
EILEEN FONSECA ◽  
RACHEL SCOTT ◽  
JESEN FAGERNESS
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Guided Therapy

SummaryPharmacogenetic/pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing is currently available for a wide range of health problems including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, mental health disorders and infectious diseases. PGx contributes important information to the field of precision medicine by clarifying appropriate treatments for specific disease subtypes. Tangible benefits to patients including improved outcomes and reduced total health care costs have been observed. However, PGx-guided therapy faces many barriers to full integration into clinical practice and acceptance by stakeholders, whether practitioner, patient or payer. Each stakeholder has a unique perspective on the role of PGx testing, although all are similarly challenged with demonstrating or appraising its cost-to-benefit value. Coverage by insurers is a critical step in achieving widespread adoption of PGx testing. The acceleration of adoption of precision medicine in general and for PGx testing in particular will be determined by how quickly robust evidence can be accumulated that shows a return on investment for payers in terms of real dollars, for clinicians in terms of patient clinical responses, and for patients in terms of economic, health and quality of life outcomes. Trends in PGx testing utilization and uptake by payers in real-world practice are discussed; the role of pharmacoeconomics in assessing cost-effectiveness is highlighted using a case study in psychiatric care, and several issues that will affect adoption of PGx testing in the United States (US) over the next few years are reviewed.

scholarly journals The issues of rational use of natural resource potential of the western region of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Current State ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
The Western Region

The present article deals with the current state of natural resource potential (NRP) of the Western region of Ukraine and the main challenges in line with eurointegration processes and rational environmental management. The place of region in total Ukraine’s NRP and its internal structure in section of six oblasts: Lviv, Zakarpattya, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, Volyn, Rivne, Ternopil and Khmelnytsky are analyzed. Land resources of the region, which constitute approximately half of the total value of NRP are characterized. Tendency of reduction of arable land in the region is grounded and problems of land valuation are considered. The growing role of water resources and its national and international importance is investigated. Biological potential of the region, which is representing mainly by forest resources are studied. Forest fund of region, its square, structure and stand of timber are characterized. The problem of illegal deforestation on large areas of the Western region of Ukraine was described with particular attention. Special attention is paid to the growing role of recreational resources of the region, similar in structure to the appropriate resources of neighboring European countries. Western region is a leader for protected areas in Ukraine (about 40% of total area of nature reserve fund). The current state of mineral resources, the importance of which for the Western region needs revaluation is considered. A significant share of mineral resources is characterized by the depletion of deposits and their exploitation unprofitable. The authors detected territorial combination of natural resources, that centralize close in space one to others. Ten local territorial combinations in the mountainous part of the Western Region are allocated. New trends in the use of NRP and prospects of renewable energy in the region are studied. The authors predict an increase in the role of recreation and water resources and rising land prices. The problem of low investment attraction, that should be solved based on the cross-border position of the Western region is analyzed.

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