scholarly journals Berberis vulgaris alleviates Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in male mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Faezeh Mokarian ◽  
Hamidreza Famitafreshi ◽  
Mahsa Hadipour Jahromy
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Berberis Vulgaris ◽  
Cylinder Test ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Parkinsonian Disease

Summary Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a chronic debilitating disease and many patients use Levodopa as a major treatment. However, this drug in long-term use causes a serious condition that is known as Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Berberis vulgaris (BV) has been known to be a good potential medication for neurologic diseases such as movement disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of BV for LID in mice. Material and methods: In this study, 48 adult male mice were randomly divided into six groups: 1) saline group, 2) MPTP + LID, 3) MPTP + LID + BV (5 mg/kg), 4) MPTP + LID + BV (10 mg/kg), 5) MPTP + LID + BV (20 mg/kg). MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) (30 mg/kg/day/i.p.) was used to induce Parkinson’s disease and Levodopa (50 mg/kg/day/i.p.) was used to induce LID. After induction of LID, mice received intraperitoneally (i.p.) different dosages of BV for 25 days. To investigate movement disorder improvement (dyskinesia), AIMS (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) and cylinder tests were used. Results: Mice that received BV at dosages of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day showed improvement in AIMS and the cylinder test. Conclusion: BV is a useful drug for treating LID. So, parkinsonian disease patients may get a beneficial effect after treatment with BV for LID.

scholarly journals Zonisamide Enhances Motor Effects of Levodopa, Not of Apomorphine, in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Nishijima ◽  
Yasuo Miki ◽  
Shinya Ueno ◽  
Masahiko Tomiyama
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Dopamine Metabolism ◽  
Dopamine Receptor Agonist ◽  
D2 Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Motor Effects

Zonisamide is a relatively recent drug for Parkinson’s disease. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the antiparkinsonian effects of zonisamide. However, it is still unclear whether the effect of zonisamide is mainly due to dopaminergic modification in the striatum, or if zonisamide works through nondopaminergic pathways. We conducted the present study to determine the mechanism that is mainly responsible for zonisamide’s effects in Parkinson’s disease. We examined the effects of zonisamide on motor symptoms in a hemiparkinsonian rat model when administered singly, coadministered with levodopa, a dopamine precursor, or apomorphine, a D1 and D2 dopamine receptor agonist. We used 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats, which were allocated to one of five groups: 14 rats received levodopa only (6 mg/kg), 12 rats received levodopa (6 mg/kg) plus zonisamide (50 mg/kg), six rats received apomorphine only (0.05 mg/kg), six rats received apomorphine (0.05 mg/kg) plus zonisamide (50 mg/kg), and six rats received zonisamide only (50 mg/kg). The drugs were administered once daily for 15 days. We evaluated abnormal involuntary movement every 20 min during a 3 h period following the injection of drugs on treatment Days 1, 8, and 15. Western blot analyses for dopamine decarboxylase and vesicular monoamine transferase-2 were performed using striatal tissues in the lesioned side of rats in the levodopa only group (n = 6) and levodopa plus zonisamide group (n = 4). Levodopa-induced abnormal involuntary movement was significantly enhanced by coadministration of zonisamide. In contrast, zonisamide had no effect on apomorphine-induced abnormal involuntary movement. Zonisamide monotherapy did not induce abnormal involuntary movement. Zonisamide did not affect striatal expression of dopamine decarboxylase or vesicular monoamine transferase-2. In conclusion, zonisamide appears to generate its antiparkinsonian effects by modulating levodopa-dopamine metabolism in the parkinsonian striatum.

scholarly journals The relationships between three-axis accelerometer measures of physical activity and motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a single-center pilot study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Ito ◽  
Daichi Yokoi ◽  
Rei Kobayashi ◽  
Hisashi Okada ◽  
Yasukazu Kajita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Metabolic Equivalents ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Scatter Plots

Abstract Background Various wearable devices for objectively evaluating motor symptoms of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been developed. Importantly, previous studies have suggested protective effects of physical activity in PD. However, the relationships between conventional clinical ratings for PD and three-axis accelerometer measures of physical activity (e.g., daily physical activity levels [PAL] or metabolic equivalents of task [METs]) are still unclear, particularly for METs. In the current study, we sought to elucidate these relationships on a daily basis, and to clarify optimal predictors for clinical states on a 30-min basis. Methods Patients who were hospitalized for adjustment of drugs or deep brain stimulation were enrolled. Using waist-worn three-axis accelerometers, PAL and METs parameter data were obtained and compared with UPDRS-3[On] and symptom diary data. We extracted data from the patients’ best and worst days, defined by the best and worst UPDRS-3[On] scores, respectively. Thus, 22 data sets from 11 patients were extracted. We examined the correlations and produced scatter plots to represent the relationships, then investigated which METs parameters and activity patterns were the best predictors for “On” and “dyskinesia”. Results The parameter “mean METs value within the 95–92.5 percentile range on a day (95–92.5 percentile value)” exhibited the strongest correlation with conventional daily clinical ratings (Rho: − 0.799 for UPDRS-3[On], 0.803 for On hours [p < 0.001]). Scatter plots suggested that PAL tended to have higher values in patients with involuntary movement. However, METs parameters focusing on higher METs seemed to alleviate this tendency. We clarified that “time over 2.0 METs” and “time over 1.5 METs” could be predictors for “On” and “dyskinesia” on a 30-min basis, respectively (AUROC: 0.779 and 0.959, 95% CI: 0.733–0.824 and 0.918–1.000). The specificity and sensitivity of the optimal activity pattern for “On” were 0.858 and 0.621. Conclusions This study suggested feasible activity patterns and METs parameters for objective evaluation of motor symptoms on a 30-min or daily basis. Three-axis accelerometer measures focusing on higher METs may be appropriate for evaluating physical activity. Further larger-scale studies are necessary to clarify the validity, reliability, and clinical utility of these objective measures.

scholarly journals Cylinder Test to Assess Sensory-Motor Function in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Alexandre Magno ◽  
Mélcar Collodetti ◽  
Hèlia Tenza-Ferrer ◽  
Marco Romano-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Cylinder Test ◽  
Sensory Motor

scholarly journals Treadmill Exercise Improves Motor Dysfunction and Hyperactivity of the Corticostriatal Glutamatergic Pathway in Rats with 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Decai Qiao ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Kaixuan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Firing Activity ◽  
Cylinder Test ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
The Right

Hyperactivity in the corticostriatal glutamatergic pathway (CGP) induces basal ganglia dysfunction, contributing to parkinsonian syndrome (PS). Physical exercise can improve PS. However, the effect of exercise on the CGP, and whether this pathway is involved in the improvement of PS, remains unclear. Parkinson’s disease (PD) was induced in rats by 6-hydroxydopamine injection into the right medial forebrain bundle. Motor function was assessed using the cylinder test. Striatal neuron (SN) spontaneous and evoked firing activity was recorded, and the expression levels of Cav1.3 and CaMKII in the striatum were measured after 4 weeks of treadmill exercise. The motor function in PD rats was improved by treadmill exercise. SN showed significantly enhanced excitability, and treadmill exercise reduced SN excitability in PD rats. In addition, firing activity was evoked in SNs by stimulation of the primary motor cortex, and SNs exhibited significantly decreased stimulus threshold, increased firing rates, and reduced latency. The expression of Cav1.3 and p-CaMKII (Thr286) in the striatum were enhanced in PD rats. However, these effects were reversed by treadmill exercise. These findings suggest that treadmill exercise inhibits CGP hyperactivity in PD rats, which may be related to improvement of PS.

High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mass in Parkinson's disease [RETRACTED]

Neurology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1273-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Sato ◽  
Munetsugu Kikuyama ◽  
Kotaro Oizumi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Yahr Stage ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Despite excessive hip fractures in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), little is known about bone changes in these patients. We measured bone mineral density (BMD; Z scores) in PD patients and analyzed its relation to serum biochemical indices and sunlight exposure. We measured BMD in 71 patients in the second metacarpals and divided the patients into two groups according to functional independence: group 1, Hoehn and Yahr stages 1 and 2; and group 2, stages 3 to 5. In four of 20 patients in group 1 (20%), the Z scores was less than -1.0, indicating osteopenia. In 51 patients in group 2, 31 (61%) had a Z score less than -1.0. The group 1 patients showed a normal mean serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD; 21.7 ng/ml), while most group 2 patients were in a deficiency range (group mean 8.9 ng/ml). Many group 2 patients were sunlight deprived. Both groups had elevated serum ionized calcium levels correlating positively with Hoehn and Yahr stage and markedly depressed serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(1,25-[OH]2D) concentrations, indicating that immobilization-induced hypercalcemia had inhibited 1,25-[OH]2D production. Z scores correlated positively with 25-OHD levels and negatively with parathyroid hormone concentration and Hoehn and Yahr stage. Vitamin D deficiency due to sunlight deprivation and hypercalcemia induces compensatory hyperparathyroidism, which contributes to reduced BMD in PD patients, particularly those who are functionally dependent. Low BMD increases risk of hip fractures in patients with PD but may be improved by vitamin D supplementation.

scholarly journals Positive effects of auditory cue in locomotor pattern of people with Parkinson’s disease (off and on medication)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Madalena Rinaldi ◽  
Marcelo Pinto Pereira ◽  
Priscila Matias Formaggio ◽  
Luana Carolina Morais ◽  
Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Locomotor Pattern ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Auditory Cue ◽  
Group 2

Gait disorders are identified in people with Parkinson’s disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of auditory cues and medication on kinematic, kinetic and EMG parameters, during different gait phases of people with PD and healthy elderly. Thirty subjects distributed in two groups (Group 1, PD patients off and on medication; Group 2, healthy elderly) participated in this study and were instructed to walk in two experimental conditions: non-cued and cued. Therefore, kinematic, kinetic and electromyography analyses were utilized to investigate the locomotor pattern. Changes in locomotor pattern (greater muscular activity) with auditory cue were observed for PD patients. Regarding the medication, locomotor parameter improvement was observed after levodopa intake in association with the auditory cue. These results confirm the hypothesis about the external cues therapy that could be used as a complement to drug therapy to achieve improvement in the locomotor pattern of PD patients.

scholarly journals PALLIDOTOMY IN PARKINSONIAN DISEASE: THE RENAISSANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurangzeb Kalhoro ◽  
Abdul Basit Sattar ◽  
Abdul Sattar M. Hashim ◽  
Abid Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
P Value ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Parkinsonian Disease ◽  
Unilateral Pallidotomy

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of pallidotomy in Parkinson’s disease, and its effect on improving the lifestyle of the patients and cost-effectiveness. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive study was conducted at Neuro-Spinal & Cancer Care Institute, Karachi from June 2014 to January 2020. Patients who were known case of Parkinson’s disease refractory to medication and developed side effects to medication were included in the study and patients with previous brain surgery, associated brain disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, basal ganglia lesion, brain trauma were excluded. All patients were treated by pallidotomy on the contralateral side. The significance of the difference between groups to compare between the pre-op or post-op treatments was calculated through non-parametric assessment Kruskal-Wallis tests.   RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was around 57 years. There were 34(81%) male and 8(19%) female patients’ Maximum number of patients who were more than 45 years, were having a left-sided proportion. More male patients were having a left-sided proportion as compared to female patients.  The majority of patients (57.5%) were having dyskinesia as q primary symptom. A significant difference (p-value <0.001) existed in pre & post-operative UPDRS-III scores. A significant difference (p-value <0.001) also existed between on & off medications UPDRS- III (pre-op/post-op) scores. CONCLUSION: The result of pallidotomy is promising especially for unilateral pallidotomy to minimize the risk of cognition and speech disorder and long-term follow-up is needed to prove the statement further. Currently, pallidotomy is associated with minimal complications, more effective, and improving the quality of life of Parkinsonian patients.

scholarly journals Effects of Aging on Levo-Dihydroxyphenylalanine- Induced Dyskinesia in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Nishijima ◽  
Tamaki Kimura ◽  
Fumiaki Mori ◽  
Koichi Wakabayashi ◽  
Iku Kinoshita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Effects Of Aging

BackgroundIt remains unclear why patients with young-onset Parkinson’s disease more often develop levo-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa)-induced dyskinesia (LID) and have a more severe form than patients with old-onset Parkinson’s disease. Previous studies using animal models have failed to show young-onset Parkinson’s disease enhances LID.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of age at dopaminergic denervation (onset age) and initiation of L-dopa treatment (treatment age) with LID development in model rats.MethodsWe established rat models of young- and old-lesioned Parkinson’s disease (6-hydroxydopamine lesions at 10 and 88 weeks of age, respectively). Dopaminergic denervation was confirmed by the rotational behavior test using apomorphine. Rats in the young-lesioned group were allocated to either L-dopa treatment at a young or old age, or saline treatment. Rats in the old-lesioned group were allocated to either L-dopa treatment or saline group. We evaluated L-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements during the 14-day treatment period. We also examined preprodynorphin mRNA expression in the striatum (a neurochemical hallmark of LID) and the volume of the medial globus pallidus (a pathological hallmark of LID).ResultsLID-like behavior was enhanced in L-dopa-treated young-lesioned rats compared with L-dopa-treated old-lesioned rats. Preprodynorphin mRNA expression was higher in L-dopa-treated young-lesioned rats than in in L-dopa-treated old-lesioned rats. The volume of the medial globus pallidus was greater in L-dopa-treated young-lesioned rats than in L-dopa-treated old-lesioned rats. Treatment age did not affect LID-like behavior or the degree of medial globus pallidus hypertrophy in the young-lesioned model.ConclusionBoth dopaminergic denervation and L-dopa initiation at a young age contributed to the development of LID; however, the former may be a more important factor.

The role of «hunger hormone» in the regulation of eating behavior in patients with Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Tarianyk
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Group 2

Objective — to evaluate the correlation between ghrelin levels, body mass index and the course of the disease in patients with Parkinson’s disease Methods and subjects. We examined 40 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 20 patients without signs of neurodegenerative disease (control group), who were examined and admitted to the neurological department. Patients were distributed into groups: 1 group — 20 patients with a disease duration of 12.1 ± 2.3 years, group 2 — 20 patients with a disease duration of 7.3 ± 1.6 years, group 3 — control, 20 patients without signs of morbidity. The diagnosis was made according to the criteria of the World Brain Bank of Great Britain. The severity of the disease was determined by the Hen and Yar scale. All patients, after signing the consent agreement, underwent a general clinical, neurological examination with assessment of anthropometric parameters: height, weight, body mass index. Also, patients underwent laboratory determination of serum ghrelin levels using the method of enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the basis of the Research Institute of Genetic, Immunological Basis of Pathology and Pharmacogenetics of the Ukrainian Medical Dental Academy. Results. Studies indicate that in the group of patients with a longer course of the disease (group 1) there was an increase in BMI, which can be interpreted as obesity or overweight, compared with group 2 and control, where the rate was normal. In group 2, where the duration of the disease was shorter, there was a decrease in BMI, accompanied by weight loss of patients. In each group of examined patients there were patients with different forms of the disease, but in the second group patients with akinetic‑rigid form of the disease prevailed, so these patients in neurological status suffered more from stiffness, immobility. Normally, ghrelin level rises in the morning during hunger and decreases after eating. A similar picture was observed in the control group of patients, where the rate of morning ghrelin was elevated. When assessing fasting plasma ghrelin levels in groups of patients, there is a slight decrease in the indicator compared with the control group. Conclusions. There is a clear correlation between the duration of the disease, body mass index and hunger hormone levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease. In patients with the initial stages of the disease there is a decrease in body mass index, which is a prognostically unfavorable sign. Fluctuations in ghrelin levels may be associated with decreased energy intake due to gastrointestinal dysfunction, increased energy expenditure caused by motor manifestations of the disease, or increased glucose metabolism with the use of drugs and changes in the eating behavior of patients.  

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