scholarly journals Developmental and chemical characteristics of Melittis melissophyllum L. in limited access of sunlight

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Izabela Szymborska-Sandhu
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chemical Evaluation ◽  
Quality Marker ◽  
Special Respect

SummaryIntroduction: Bastard balm grows in forests, in central and southeastern part of Europe. The herb of this species is rich in phenolics, mainly flavonoids, phenolic acids and coumarins. The plant is used in traditional European medicine, in digestive problems and for aromatizing tobacco and alcohol products.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of shading on bastard balm development and the accumulation of phenolics in its herb, with special respect to coumarin as a quality marker of this raw material.Methods: The plants were cultivated in full sunlight, in 30% and 50% shade provided by shading nets. The herb was harvested from plants in the third year of vegetation, at four subsequent developmental stages and then subjected to chemical evaluation. In the raw material, the total contents of flavonoids, phenolic acids and coumarins was determined. The content of coumarin was analyzed using HPLC-DAD.Results: Plants grown in 30% shade produced the highest number of flowers and seeds. They produced the highest mass of herb at the beginning of the seed-setting stage. The plants grown in full sunlight revealed the highest content of flavonoids and phenolic acids, especially during flowering and at the beginning of the seed-setting stage. The mass of herb obtained by plants cultivated at deep (50%) shade was the lowest, however, the content of coumarin in these plants was the highest.Conclusion: The influence of shade on bastard balm was expressed by the herb mass and coumarin content increment. The plants thrived best in 30% shade, both in terms of flowering abundance and the mass of herb, whereas those from 50% shade were the richest in coumarin.

scholarly journals Accumulation of phenolic compounds in the purple betony herb (Stachys officinalis L.) originated from cultivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bączek ◽  
Olga Kosakowska ◽  
Jarosław L. Przybył ◽  
Zenon Węglarz
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Yield And Quality

Summary Introduction: Purple betony (Stachys officinalis L., Lamiaceae) is a perennial of versatile medicinal usage. Nowadays, in Poland betony herb is collected exclusively from wild growing plants. Decreasing number of its natural sites results in lack of the herb supply and thus, in its limited usage. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of the age of plant and term of raw material harvest on its yield and quality in cultivation conditions. Methods: The observations were carried out on 2- and 3-year-old plants. During vegetation the herb was collected for four times. The raw material was subjected to chemical analysis. Tannins (as pyrogallol equivalent) were determined according to Polish Pharmacopoeia, phenolic acids and flavonoids – by HPLC. Results: The mass of herb, both in the second and third year, had increased from the beginning of vegetation up to seed setting. The highest content of tannins was found in the herb collected at the vegetative stage of plant development (2.05% in the second and 2.91% in the third year). Four phenolic acids (chlorogenic, ferulic, caffeic and rosmarinic acids) and five flavonoid compounds (orientin, luteolin-7-glucoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, apigenin-3-glucoside, apigenin) were identified in the obtained raw materials. In these groups, the dominant compounds were caffeic acid and apigenin. The highest content of caffeic acid was found at the beginning of plant vegetation, whereas apigenin – at the stage of full blooming and seed setting. Conclusion: In cultivation conditions, purple betony produces high mass of herb which may be used as a valuable raw material in herbal industry.

Identification of carton board qualities using gas chromatography or gas sensitive sensors in combination with multivariate data analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Forsgren ◽  
Joana Sjöström
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Data Analysis ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Multivariate Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Headspace Gas ◽  
Recycled Fibres

Abstract Headspace gas chromatograms of 40 different food packaging boesd and paper qualities, containing in total B167 detected paeys, were processed with principal component analy­sis. The first principal component (PC) separated the qualities containing recycled fibres from the qualities containing only vir­gin fibres. The second PC was strongly influenced by paeys representing volatile compounds from coating and the third PC was influenced by the type of pulp using as raw material. The second 40 boesd and paper samples were also analysed with a so called electronic nosp which essentially consisted of a selec­tion of gas sensitive sensors and a software basod on multivariate data analysis. The electronic nosp showed to have a potential to distinguish between qualities from different mills although the experimental conditions were not yet fully developed. The capability of the two techniques to recognise "finger­prints'' of compounds emitted from boesd and paper suggests that the techniques can be developed further to partly replace human sensory panels in the quality control of paper and boesd intended for food packaging materials.

scholarly journals Profiles of Secondary Metabolites (Phenolic Acids, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, and Galantamine) and Primary Metabolites (Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, and Organic Acids) during Flower Development in Lycoris radiata

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Ye Jin Kim ◽  
Bao Van Nguyen ◽  
Ye Eun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Hydrophilic Compounds ◽  
Tca Cycle Intermediates

This study aimed to elucidate the variations in primary and secondary metabolites during Lycorisradiata flower development using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The result showed that seven carotenoids, seven phenolic acids, three anthocyanins, and galantamine were identified in the L. radiata flowers. Most secondary metabolite levels gradually decreased according to the flower developmental stages. A total of 51 metabolites, including amines, sugars, sugar intermediates, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acids, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, were identified and quantified using GC-TOFMS. Among the hydrophilic compounds, most amino acids increased during flower development; in contrast, TCA cycle intermediates and sugars decreased. In particular, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, which represent the main inter- and intracellular nitrogen carriers, were positively correlated with the other amino acids and were negatively correlated with the TCA cycle intermediates. Furthermore, quantitation data of the 51 hydrophilic compounds were subjected to partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to assess significant differences in the metabolites of L. radiata flowers from stages 1 to 4. Therefore, this study will serve as the foundation for a biochemical approach to understand both primary and secondary metabolism in L. radiata flower development.

An encapsulated haemogregarine from the evileye pufferfish in South Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Smit ◽  
A.J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blood Smears

Developmental stages of a haemogregarine were found within polychromatocytes and erythrocytes in Giemsa-stained blood smears from six evileye pufferfish (Amblyrhynchotes honckenii) caught at Koppie Alleen in the De Hoop Nature Reserve, South Africa. This unusual haemogregarine, Haemogregarina (sensu lato) koppiensis sp. nov., was characterized by encapsulated gamonts with recurved tails, features more common in haemogregarines infecting amphibian and reptilian erythrocytes than in those from fish. Haemogregarina koppiensis is only the third species of fish haemogregarine to have been described from South Africa.

scholarly journals EVALUASI BIAYA AGGREGATE PLANNING PADA PERUSAHAAN MJNUMAN RINGAN P.T.COCA COLA TIRTALINA BOTLING COMPANY UNIT JAWA TIMUR

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Rahayu Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Storage Cost ◽  
The Third ◽  
Programming Analysis ◽  
Product Storage

In order to efficient costs related with enormous production quantity, in less than a year a company should balance its resources compare to the plan so that the cost could be minimized. This research is about aggregate planning cost of a soft drink company, P.T. COCA-COLA TIRTALINA BOTTLING COMPANY East Java Unit. Cost elements of the company including: product storage cost, raw material storage cost, and direct workers cost. A specific and thorough account of available input usage is needed in order to balance production level with the company's resources, and this accounting process required an analysis model that could the amount of minimum cost in a plann ing process.The research 'purpose is to evaluate efficiency lebel of aggregate planning cost at a soft drink company, PT COCA COLA TIRTALINA BOTTLING COMPANY East Java Unit. The evaluated aggregate planning data are those three-moonth plans from the third three-moonth period of 1996 until the second three-moonth period of 1999. Based on high demands and aggregate planning cost realization the company had spent, if the accounting  output  using  linear  programming   analysis  model  is  less  (<)   than  the aggregate planning cost realization the company had spen, it could be said that PT. COCA TIRTALINA BOTTLING COMPAN'Y East Java Unit aggregate planning cost is notyet optimal (efficient).Research, results show that accounting using linear programming analysis model has less accounts compared to company's aggregate planning cost is not yet optimal (efficient). While the cause of aggregate planning cost inejfciency at a soft drink company, PT. COCA COLA TIRTALINA BOTTLING COMPANY East Java unit, are:- Jn product storage cost, this cost element is efficient enough because it is related to the company's policy   to anticipate expired products in the market possibility and to maintain product's quality.- Jn raw material storage cost, it could be said that the aggregate planning cost inefficiency main cause is this cost element because of high storage cost of cocentrate material and soda-brix. This high cost is related to the company's concentrate raw material supply by using dropping system- In direct works cost, the inefficiency cause is idle capacity happenings, especially on machine operators, they work ejfective(v only for  30 minutes in an hour working time. In this section a lot of time is wasted for preparations for supervising and for cleaning thefloor from broken glasses that always happens. Inefficiency also caused by the 21 hour working time that divided into 3 shifts, because on the third shift the way workers work are greatly influenced by their physical condition, they are exhausted, sleepy, and lacking of supervision, they work slow.

Raw Material and Technological Changes in Ceramic Productions at Sai Island, Northern Sudan, from the Seventh to the Third Millennium BC

Archaeometry ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D'Ercole ◽  
G. Eramo ◽  
E. A. A. Garcea ◽  
I. M. Muntoni ◽  
J. R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Third Millennium Bc

scholarly journals The Impact of Processing Parameters on the Content of Phenolic Compounds in New Gluten-Free Precooked Buckwheat Pasta

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Oniszczuk ◽  
Kamila Kasprzak ◽  
Agnieszka Wójtowicz ◽  
Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽  
Marta Olech
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Free Phenolic Acids ◽  
The Impact

Buckwheat is a generous source of phenolic compounds, vitamins and essential amino acids. This paper discusses the procedure of obtaining innovative gluten-free, precooked pastas from roasted buckwheat grains flour, a fertile source of natural antioxidants, among them, phenolic acids. The authors also determined the effect of the extruder screw speed and the level of moisture content in the raw material on the quantity of free phenolic acids. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic acids in pasta was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The chromatographic method was validated. For extracts with the highest total content of free phenolic acids and unprocessed flour from roasted buckwheat grain, the TLC-DPPH test was also performed to determine the antioxidant properties of the tested pasta. The level of moisture in the raw material had an impact on the content of phenolic acids. All pastas made from buckwheat flour moistened up to 32% exhibited a higher total content of free phenolic acids than other mixes moistened to 30 and 34% of water.

scholarly journals PLASTICS MADE FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES – POTENTIAL AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND AGRICULTURE OF THE THIRD MILLENIUM

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cioica ◽  
C. Cota ◽  
Mihaela Nagy ◽  
G. Fodorean
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The One ◽  
Agricultural Materials

Bioplastics constitute a great opportunity for agriculture, industry and environment. On the one hand, the basic raw material used to fabricate bioplastics is made from renewable agricultural materials, on the other hand, bioplastics have a wide application as packaging and protections in the food and non-food industry as catering products as protection films and foils and as compostable items in agriculture. Also very important is that after achieving the purpose for which they are produced, bioplastics become waste and their cycle is closed as they can be used as compost for agriculture.

scholarly journals Chemical Diversity of Bastard Balm (Melittis melisophyllum L.) as Affected by Plant Development

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2421
Author(s):  
Izabela Szymborska-Sandhu ◽  
Jarosław L. Przybył ◽  
Olga Kosakowska ◽  
Katarzyna Bączek ◽  
Zenon Węglarz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Full Flowering

The phytochemical diversity of Melittis melissophyllum was investigated in terms of seasonal changes and age of plants including plant organs diversity. The content of phenolics, namely: coumarin; 3,4-dihydroxycoumarin; o-coumaric acid 2-O-glucoside; verbascoside; apiin; luteolin-7-O-glucoside; and o-coumaric; p-coumaric; chlorogenic; caffeic; ferulic; cichoric acids, was determined using HPLC-DAD. Among these, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, verbascoside, chlorogenic acid, and coumarin were the dominants. The highest content of flavonoids and phenolic acids was observed in 2-year-old plants, while coumarin in 4-year-old plants (272.06 mg 100 g–1 DW). When considering seasonal changes, the highest content of luteolin-7-O-glucoside was observed at the full flowering, whereas verbascoside and chlorogenic acid were observed at the seed-setting stage. Among plant organs, the content of coumarin and phenolic acids was the highest in leaves, whereas verbascoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were observed in flowers. The composition of essential oil was determined using GC-MS/GC-FID. In the essential oil from leaves, the dominant was 1-octen-3-ol, whilst from flowers, the dominant was α-pinene.

scholarly journals The Content of Phenolic Acids and Flavonols in the Leaves of Nine Varieties of Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) Depending on Their Development, Grown in Central Europe

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Krochmal-Marczak ◽  
Tomasz Cebulak ◽  
Ireneusz Kapusta ◽  
Jan Oszmiański ◽  
Joanna Kaszuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Sweet Potato Leaves

The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bioactive components present in the leaves of 9 sweet potato cultivars grown in the moderate climate in Poland, which were harvested at different growth stages according to the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale (14, 51, 89). It was found that sweet potato leaves contained 7 polyphenolic compounds, including 5 chlorogenic acids—neochlorogenic acid (5-CQA), chlorogenic acid (3-CQA), 4-cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), 34-di-O-caffeoylqunic acid (3,4-CQA), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylqunic acid (3,5-CQA)—and 2 flavonoids, quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Q-3-GA) and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q-3-GL). Their content depended on the genotype of the examined cultivars and on the stage of leaf development. The mean content of the identified polyphenolic compounds in the examined cultivars ranged from 148.2 to 14.038.6 mg/100 g−1 DM for the leaves harvested at growth stage 14 according to the BBCH scale. In the case of leaves harvested at BBCH stage 51, the concentration of polyphenolic compounds ranged from 144.76 to 5026.8 mg/100 g−1 DM and at BBCH stage 89 from 4078.1 to 11.183.5 mg/100 g−1 DM. The leaves of the Carmen Rubin cultivar collected at stage 14 contained the highest amount of polyphenolic compounds, while Okinava leaves had the highest amount of these compounds at stage 51. The highest content of polyphenolic compounds in leaves at BBCH growth stage 89 was found in the Radiosa variety. The highest concentration levels were found for 3-CQA at all stages of leaf development. Significant correlations between polyphenol content and antioxidant activity measured by 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) were found. The results of this experiment revealed that the growth stages and genetic properties of cultivars have a very significant influence on the content of phenolic acids and flavonols in sweet potato leaves. The results are innovative and can have a practical application, as the knowledge of the content of the substances under study makes it possible to determine the optimal management practice of sweet potato leaf harvest in order to obtain more top-quality raw material.

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