scholarly journals The Relationship Between Handball Players and Alcohol and Smoking Habits

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Karnincic ◽  
Marijana Cavala ◽  
Nenad Rogulj
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Training Habits ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that sport activity is a protective factor regarding smoking, but a risk factor for alcohol abuse. Considering these findings, it is necessary to investigate the occurrence of substance misuse. Sports that are associated with a substantial amount of physical/mental stress are very interesting from the perspective of substance misuse (e.g., handball). This research was performed to more closely study the population engaged in handball regarding the risk for alcohol and/or tobacco consumption. The sample of respondents consisted of 150 senior handball players who were members of 9 first-league handball clubs from Croatia and abroad. The respondents were grouped into sub-samples according to sex, age, experience, the number of weekly training sessions and their social environment (clubs). Alcohol consumption data were obtained using the AUDIT questionnaire. The differences between groups were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The study revealed that handball players engaged in alcohol misuse, and they were grouped in the harmful drinking category (AUDIT score, 16-19 for all groups). Regarding tobacco product consumption, the risk groups were women (who smoked significantly more than men, MWU test: Z = 3.30. p < 0.001), handball players with less experience (who smoked significantly more than experienced players, MWU test: Z = 3.68, p < 0.001). Borderline significance was observed for the impact made by social environments, and age was not a significant predictor of tobacco consumption. Regarding alcohol consumption, the highest hazard group were national handball players, who drank much more than foreign players did (MWU test: Z = 2.04, p = 0.04); however, sex, age, experience and training habits were not alcohol consumption predictors in handball. This study reveal that the typical behaviors regarding alcohol and tobacco consumption followed by the general population do not apply to handball players. Targeted prevention can be much more precisely established considering this research.

scholarly journals Factors associated with changes in consumption among smokers and alcohol drinkers during the COVID-19 ‘lockdown’ period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara M E Reynolds ◽  
Joanna Purdy ◽  
Lauren Rodriguez ◽  
Helen McAvoy
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Statistics Office ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract Background The impact of the COVID-19 public health social measures (PHSM) on health behaviours is poorly understood. We aimed to identify factors associated with changes in alcohol and tobacco consumption during the strictest period of PHSM ‘lockdown’. Methods Logistic regression analysis was conducted using secondary data from the Central Statistics Office Social Impact Survey collected during the first lockdown in Ireland (23 April– 1 May 2020). Results Of the 1362 (33.8%) individuals that responded to the survey, 80.6% were current drinkers and 26.0% were smokers. The majority of smokers (60.9%) and drinkers (60.6%) reported no change in consumption. However, 30.5% of smokers and 22.2% of drinkers reported increased consumption. Being concerned about household stress from confinement [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–2.9, P = 0.002], working from home (aOR 2.1, 95 CI 1.4–3.3, P &lt; 0.001) and urban living (aOR 2.0, 95 CI 1.5–2.9, P &lt; 0.001) were associated with increases in alcohol consumption. Feeling very nervous (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.0, P = 0.009), feeling downhearted/depressed (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.4, P = 0.004), being concerned about someone else’s health (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.9, P = 0.031), working from home (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0–5.3, P = 0.046) and increases in alcohol consumption (aOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.7–7.7, P = 0.023) were associated with increases in tobacco consumption. Conclusion A mixed picture was evident in terms of changes in consumption among current smokers and drinkers. Increased consumption was more commonly reported than reductions. Increased consumption was associated with psychological distress and socio-economic factors. Policies and services should consider a response to widening inequalities in harmful consumption.

scholarly journals Impact of the WHO FCTC over the first decade: a global evidence review prepared for the Impact Assessment Expert Group

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. s119-s128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Chung-Hall ◽  
Lorraine Craig ◽  
Shannon Gravely ◽  
Natalie Sansone ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo present findings of a narrative review on the implementation and effectiveness of 17 Articles of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) during the Treaty’s first decade.Data sourcesPublished reports on global FCTC implementation; searches of four databases through June 2016; hand-search of publications/online resources; tobacco control experts.Study selectionWHO Convention Secretariat global progress reports (2010, 2012, 2014); 2015 WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic; studies of social, behavioural, health, economic and/or environmental impacts of FCTC policies.Data extractionProgress in the implementation of 17 FCTC Articles was categorised (higher/intermediate/lower) by consensus. 128 studies were independently selected by multiple authors in consultation with experts.Data synthesisImplementation was highest for smoke-free laws, health warnings and education campaigns, youth access laws, and reporting/information exchange, and lowest for measures to counter industry interference, regulate tobacco product contents, promote alternative livelihoods and protect health/environment. Price/tax increases, comprehensive smoking and marketing bans, health warnings, and cessation treatment are associated with decreased tobacco consumption/health risks and increased quitting. Mass media campaigns and youth access laws prevent smoking initiation, decrease prevalence and promote cessation. There were few studies on the effectiveness of policies in several domains, including measures to prevent industry interference and regulate tobacco product contents.ConclusionsThe FCTC has increased the implementation of measures across several policy domains, and these implementations have resulted in measurable impacts on tobacco consumption, prevalence and other outcomes. However, FCTC implementation must be accelerated, and Parties need to meet all their Treaty obligations and consider measures that exceed minimum requirements.

scholarly journals Influence of tobacco, alcohol consumption, eating habits and physical activity in nursing students

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Manuel Rodríguez-Muñoz ◽  
Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres ◽  
María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Nursing Student ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Academic Year

Objective: to determine the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, eating habits, and physical activity among nursing students and to detect whether being a nursing student is a protective factor against these habits. Method: a questionnaire was used to collect information on age, academic year, sex, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity, and healthy eating. An information sheet and informed consent form were given. The sample was composed of 264 students aged between 18-30 years from four academic years. Results: of the total sample, 15.5% smoked, 83.7% consumed alcoholic beverages and 97.2% consumed over the weekend. The total of 68.6% did not practice exercises and 70.5% needed changes in their diet. Conclusion: nursing students have high levels of alcohol consumption and low levels of smoking compared with other studies. The higher the academic year, the lower the age of onset of tobacco consumption. The number of men who exercised was higher, which is considered a protective factor against alcohol and tobacco consumption and is related to a healthy diet. Smoking has a negative influence on diet. The students needed to change their diet. Finally, being a nursing student is not considered a protective factor against alcohol and tobacco consumption, nor having good eating habits and exercising.

scholarly journals Potential predictors of adoption of the Tobacco Heating System by U.S. adult smokers: An actual use study

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Roulet ◽  
Christelle Chrea ◽  
Claudia Kanitscheider ◽  
Gerd Kallischnigg ◽  
Pierpaolo Magnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
The Impact

Background:This was a pre-market actual use study with the Tobacco Heating System (THS), a candidate modified risk tobacco product, conducted with adult smokers in eight cities in the United States. The main goal of the study was to describe THS adoption in a real-world setting. The aim of this analysis was to identify potential predictors for adoption of THS using stepwise logistic regression method.Methods:This actual use study was an observational study assessing self-reported stick-by-stick consumption of the THS product compared with the use of commercial cigarettes over six weeks. The study aimed at replicating the usage of THS in real-world conditions with participants being able to consume cigarettes, THS, and any other nicotine-containing products (e.g., e-cigarettes, cigars, etc.)ad libitum.Results:14.6% of participants adopted THS, which comprised 70% or more of their total tobacco consumption by the end of the observational period (in Week 6). The main predictors of adoption were the liking of the smell, taste, aftertaste, and ease of use of THS. The proportion of adoption was higher in participants aged 44 years and older and in Hispanic or Latino adult smokers. Additionally, adoption of THS was more likely in participants who had never attempted to quit smoking and in participants who smoked up to 10 cigarettes per day. Finally, the adoption of THS was higher in participants who consumed both regular and menthol THS compared with those who consumed only one THS variant.Conclusions:The main predictors of THS adoption were positive sensory assessment and the ease of use. Socio-demographic characteristics and smoking habits appeared much less important. Post-marketing studies will provide further insights on the impact of the THS at the individual and the overall population level.

scholarly journals Potential predictors of adoption of the Tobacco Heating System by U.S. adult smokers: An actual use study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Steve Roulet ◽  
Christelle Chrea ◽  
Claudia Kanitscheider ◽  
Gerd Kallischnigg ◽  
Pierpaolo Magnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
The Impact

Background: This was a pre-market, observational, actual use study with the Tobacco Heating System (THS), a candidate modified risk tobacco product. The main goal of the study was to describe THS adoption within current adult daily smokers by replicating the usage of THS in real-world conditions with participants being able to consume cigarettes, THS, and any other nicotine-containing products (e.g., e-cigarettes, cigars, etc.) ad libitum. Methods: This study assessed self-reported stick-by-stick consumption of THS compared with the use of commercial cigarettes over six weeks. The aim of the analysis was to identify potential predictors for adoption of THS using stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results: By the end of the observational period (in Week 6), 14.6% of participants (n=965) had adopted THS meaning that THS formed 70% or more of their total tobacco consumption. The main predictors of adoption were the liking of the smell, taste, aftertaste, and ease of use of THS. The proportion of adoption was higher in participants aged 44 years and older and in Hispanic or Latino adult smokers. Additionally, adoption of THS was more likely in participants who had never attempted to quit smoking and in participants who smoked up to 10 cigarettes per day. Finally, the adoption of THS was higher in participants who consumed both regular and menthol THS compared with those who consumed only one THS variant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the introduction of THS in the U.S. has the potential to result in adoption by current adult smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke cigarettes, and that the adoption of THS is unlikely to result in an increase of tobacco consumption. Post-marketing studies will provide further insights on THS adoption and THS use patterns to allow assessment of the impact of the THS at the individual and the overall population level.

Analyses of factors that influence alcohol use among children: a prospective path analysis / Análisis de factores que influyen sobre el uso de alcohol de niños: un path análisis prospectivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Pilatti ◽  
Juan Carlos Godoy ◽  
Alejandra Brussino
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Uso De Alcohol ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
The Impact

Este estudio tuvo como objetivos analizar el impacto que diferentes factores de riesgo y un factor de protección tienen sobre la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol de los niños. Además, se buscó analizar el rol media­dor de las expectativas hacia el alcohol en la relación que antecedentes más distales mantienen sobre el uso de alcohol. Finalmente, se examinó qué manera el uso de alcohol inicial influye sobre las expectativas hacia el alcohol posteriores. Para esto, se empleó un diseño prospectivo con más de un eslabón causal. Participaron 267 niños (63% mujeres; Media de edad al inicio del estudio= 10.52; DT = 1.22) asistentes a colegios pri­vados y públicos de educación primaria (desde tercer hasta sexto grado) de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina). En la mayoría de las provincias Argentinas la educación primaria consta de 6 niveles, cada uno de un año de duración. Se emplearon instrumentos para medir los rasgos de personalidad, expectativas hacia el alcohol, motivos de consumo de alcohol, percepción del consumo de alcohol de pares y padres, apoyo parental percibido y consumo de alcohol de los niños. Se realizaron dos administraciones de todos los instrumentos, una medición inicial y otra medición doce meses después. Como paso previo del path análisis se realizaron análisis preliminares. En primer lugar se realizó un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio de las escalas utilizadas en este estudio, para obtener evidencia estadística que respalde el uso de cada medida. Luego, se realizaron análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y se calculó el grado de aso­ciación entre las variables señaladas como predictoras de la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol. Finalmente, para determinar el efecto de los facto­res de riesgo y del factor de protección sobre la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol de niños, se aplicó un path análisis. Las variables que mejor explicaron la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol un año después fueron la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol inicial, los motivos de consumo en contextos parentales y el consumo de alcohol de los pares. El resto de las variables, menos el factor de protección (apoyo social parental), influ­yeron de manera significativa, aunque explicaron un menor porcentaje de la varianza. Los rasgos responsabilidad y extroversión fueron menos relevantes para explicar la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol. AbstractThe present study was aimed to analyze the impact of different risk factors and one protective factor on the frequency of alcohol consumption in children. In addition, it was sought to analyze the meditational role of alcohol expectancies in the relation between more distal factors and alcohol use. Finally, it was examined how initial use of alcohol affected initial alcohol expectancies. A prospective design with more than two causal links was used. Participants were 267 children (63% female, Mean age at baseline = 10.52, SD = 1.22) attending public and private schools for primary education (from third to sixth grade) from the city of Córdoba (Argentina). Different scales were used to measure personality traits, alcohol expectancies, drinking motives, perceived peer alcohol use, perceived parental alcohol use, participants’ alcohol use, and perceived parental social support. There were two administrations of all instruments, a baseline and twelve months after another measurement. First, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for each of the scales, to obtain statistical evidence to support the use of each scale. Next, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and bivariate analyses were performed between the variables identified as predictors of frequency of alcohol consumption. Finally, to determine the effect that each of the factors included in the study had on frequency of alcohol consumption, a path analysis was conducted. The variables that best explained the frequency of alcohol use one year later were frequency of initial alcohol use, drinking motives in parental and peer contexts. All the remaining variables, but not the protective factor (parental social support), explained a smaller proportion of the total variance. Contentiousness and extroversion traits were less relevant to explain the frequency of alcohol use in children.

scholarly journals Alcohol use and depression from middle age to the oldest old: gender is more important than age

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Tait ◽  
Davina J. French ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground: Alcohol use disorders are associated with other mental health disorders in young adults, but there are few data on alcohol use and mental health outcomes in older adults, particularly the oldest old. This study examines the relationship between alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms.Methods: Data were collected from the Dynamic Analyses to Optimise Ageing (DYNOPTA) project, which has pooled nine Australian longitudinal studies. Alcohol consumption was classified using standard drinks (10 g alcohol)/day as: abstinent, low risk (<0–≤2 standard drinks), long-term risk (>2–≤4) and short-term risk (>4). Probable depression was classified from harmonized scores on various standard instruments (e.g. Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale).Results: Overall, 39,104 (86%) participants contributed data. Alcohol classification at baseline showed 7,526 abstinent, 28,112 low risk, 2,271 long-term risk, and 1,195 short-term risk participants. Age ranged from 45 to 103 year (median 60). Using generalized estimating equations (GEE), there were significant gender by alcohol and gender by age interactions, so the analysis was split by gender. Among males, the abstinent and short-term risk groups had increased likelihood of depression: in females the abstinent, long- and short-term risk groups had increased odds of depression. Increased odds of depression was also associated with former and current smoking, younger age-group, not being partnered, leaving school before age 15 and increasing levels of health-impaired walking, dressing, or bathing.Conclusion: The impact of alcohol use differs by gender, nevertheless those using higher levels of alcohol or who smoke should be screened for depression and may benefit from interventions.

scholarly journals Misuse of medication in adult substance misuse services: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e047283
Author(s):  
Rosalind Gittins ◽  
Louise Missen ◽  
Ian Maidment
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThere is a growing concern about the misuse of over the counter (OTC) and prescription only medication (POM) because of the impact on physical and mental health, drug interactions, overdoses and drug-related deaths. These medicines include opioid analgesics, anxiolytics such as pregabalin and diazepam and antidepressants. This protocol outlines how a systematic review will be undertaken (during June 2021), which aims to examine the literature on the pattern of OTC and POM misuse among adults who are accessing substance misuse treatment services. It will include the types of medication being taken, prevalence and demographic characteristics of people who access treatment services.Methods and analysisAn electronic search will be conducted on the Cochrane, OVID Medline, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases as well as grey literature. Two independent reviewers will conduct the initial title and abstract screenings, using predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion. If selected for inclusion, full-text data extraction will be conducted using a pilot-tested data extraction form. A third reviewer will resolve disagreements if consensus cannot be reached. Quality and risk of bias assessment will be conducted for all included studies. A qualitative synthesis and summary of the data will be provided. If possible, a meta-analysis with heterogeneity calculation will be conducted; otherwise, Synthesis Without Meta-analysis will be undertaken for quantitative data. The reporting of this protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Findings will be peer reviewed, published and shared verbally, electronically and in print, with interested clinicians and policymakers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020135216.

scholarly journals Impact of Work and Recreational Physical Activity on Prediabetes Condition among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2015–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1378
Author(s):  
Lenin Pazmino ◽  
Wilmer Esparza ◽  
Arian Ramón Aladro-Gonzalvo ◽  
Edgar León
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Recreational Physical Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Hba1c Test ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

More minutes of physical activity (PA) accumulated during a day are associated with a lower risk of diabetes mellitus type 2. However, it is less known if distinct dimensions of PA can produce a different protective effect in the prevention of prediabetes. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of work and recreational PA on prediabetes among U.S. adults during the period 2015–2016 using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Individuals (n = 4481) with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test values of 5.7% to 6.4% were included. A logistic regression multivariate-adjusted analysis was conducted to estimate the association between the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of prediabetes, with work and recreational PA. The prevalence of prediabetes among U.S. adults was lower in physically active individuals both at work (~24%) and recreational (~21%) physical activities compared to individuals who were not physically active (27 to 30%). Individuals lacking practice of recreational PA had a high risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.080 to 1.466). PA may be a protective factor for prediabetes conditions depending on gender, age, ethnic group, waist circumference, and thyroid disease.

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