scholarly journals Ketogenic, hypocaloric diet improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Belopolsky ◽  
Mohammad Q. Khan ◽  
Amnon Sonnenberg ◽  
David J. Davidson ◽  
Claus J. Fimmel
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Liver Tests

AbstractBackground and objectivesNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is strongly associated with obesity. A weight loss of ≥10% is necessary to improve NASH severity, but this goal has rarely been achieved in published studies using different diet protocols. The effect of a ketogenic, hypocaloric, commercial diet (“Ideal Protein,” IP) on body weight, metabolic markers, and liver tests in a group of NASH patients is evaluated in this study. Daily calorie intake was tailored to achieve a weight loss of ≥10%.MethodsWe analyzed 38 patients with NASH who were placed on the IP diet between 2014 and 2018 and compared their outcomes with 6 control patients who declined the diet. All patients were evaluated by a trained health coach in weekly intervals throughout the study period. Clinical and laboratory data obtained before and at 6.5 months after intervention were compared using paired t-testing.ResultsThe patients on the IP diet experienced a significant weight reduction (217 ± 8 lb vs. 194 ± 7 lb; mean ± S.E.M.), corresponding to an average weight loss of 9.7% ± 1.6%. Significant changes in systolic blood pressure (133 ± 3 mmHg vs. 123 ± 3 mmHg), triglycerides (200 ± 21 mmol/L vs. 132 ± 11 mmol/L), hemoglobin A1c (6.71% ± 0.29% vs. 5.74% ± 0.19%), SGPT (97.3 ± 11.1 IU/L vs. 44.2 ± 5.9 IU/L), SGOT (82.4 ± 10.5 IU/L vs. 32.8 ± 5.2 IU/L), and Fib-4 scores (2.25 ± 0.23 vs. 1.40 ± 0.13) were also observed (P<0.05 in all cases). In the IP group, 50.5% of patients lost ≥10% body weight. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the control group. The IP diet was well tolerated, and no safety signals were noticed.ConclusionsA ketogenic, hypocaloric resulted in striking weight loss and significant improvements in metabolic parameters and liver tests, suggesting that this approach carries promise for the dietary management of patients with NASH.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effect of Interactive Online Dietician Weight Loss Advice in General Practice (LIVA) Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Brandt ◽  
Vibeke Brandt ◽  
Mathilde Pedersen ◽  
Dorte Glintborg ◽  
Søren Toubro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Practice Setting ◽  
Management Support ◽  
General Practice Setting

Background. Internet-based complex interventions aiming to promote weight loss and optimize healthy behaviors have attracted much attention. However, evidence for effect is lacking. Obesity is a growing problem, resulting in an increasing demand for cost efficient weight loss programs suitable for use on a large scale, for example, as part of standard primary care. In a previous pilot project by Brandt et al. (2011) without a control group, we examined the effects of online dietician counseling and found an average weight loss of 7.0 kg (95% CI: 4.6 to 9.3 kg) after 20 months. Aims and Methods. To analyze the effects of a complex intervention using trained dieticians in a general practice setting combined with internet-based interactive and personalized weight management support compared with conventional advice with a noninteractive internet support as placebo treatment in 340 overweight patients during a 2-year period. Primary endpoints are weight loss and lowering of cholesterol (LDL). We will also explore patients’ sociodemographics and use of the intervention as well as the health professionals’ views and perceptions of the intervention (their role and the advice and support that they provide). Perspective. The project will generate knowledge on the cost-effectiveness of a complex internet-based intervention in a general practice setting and on barriers and acceptability among professionals and patients.

scholarly journals Dynamic Changes of Orexin A and Leptin in Obese Children during Body Weight Reduction

2007 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
J Bronský ◽  
J Nedvídková ◽  
H Zamrazilová ◽  
M Pechová ◽  
M Chada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Igfbp 3

In this study, we describe changes of plasma levels of the hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin A in obese children during the reduction of body weight and its relationship to other biochemical and anthropometrical parameters. We measured orexin A fasting plasma levels by the RIA method in 58 obese children--33 girls and 25 boys; mean age 13.1+/-0.38 years (range 7-18.5) before and after 5 weeks of weight-reduction therapy. Leptin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 levels were measured in all the subjects and were compared to orexin A levels and anthropometrical data. Average weight in subjects before weight-reduction was 74.2+/-2.79 kg and after weight-loss 67.4+/-2.60 kg (p<0.0001). Orexin A levels before the therapy were 33.3+/-1.97 pg/ml and after the therapy 51.7+/-3.07 pg/ml (p<0.0001). Levels of orexin A were not significantly different between girls and boys (p=0.7842). We found negative correlation between orexin A and age (r = -0.5395; p<0.0001), body height (r = -0.4751; p=0.0002), body weight (r = -0.4030; p=0.0017) and BMI (r = -0.2607; p=0.0481). No correlation was found between orexin A and IGF-1, IGFBP-3 or leptin. Orexin A plasma levels increased during body weight loss, whereas the reverse was true for leptin levels. These findings support the hypothesis that orexin A may be involved in regulation of nutritional status in children.

Abstract 1818: Beneficial Effects of Weight Loss Associated with a High Protein Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Profile, Functional Status and Quality of Life in Obese Heart Failure Patients: A Feasibility Study

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine S Evangelista ◽  
David Heber ◽  
Zhaoping Li ◽  
Michele Hamilton ◽  
Gregg C Fonarow
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: Clinical management of chronic heart failure (HF) related to adequate nutritional intake currently lacks a strong scientific basis. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of 3 diet interventions on body weight and its potential to reduce cardiovascular risks and improve functional status. METHOD: Fourteen obese HF patients (BMI > 27 kg/m2) were randomized to1 of 3 diets: high protein (HP); low fat (LF) or average diet/control group (CG). Body anthropometrics (weight, BMI, waist circumference), indices of cardiovascular risks including (% body fat, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides), and measures of functional status (6-minute walk, max VO2) were obtained at baseline and after a 12-week nutritional support program. Statistics included two-way RMANOVA. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age (59±10 years), gender (78% male), NYHA (43% class II; 57% class III), HF etiology (57% non-ischemic), or ejection fraction (0.26±0.07) between the groups. The HP diet resulted in moderate reductions in body weight (Figure ) and improvements in several health parameters (Table ). CONCLUSION: The data show that in a small group of obese HF patients, a 12-week HP diet resulted in moderate weight loss that was associated with reduced cardiovascular risks and better functional status. However, the long-term effects of a HP diet remain uncertain. Figure Comparison of Weight Changes in the HP, LF and CG from Baseline to 12 Weeks Mean changes in outcomes from baseline to 12 weeks, by diet group and time

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIALITY FOUND IN DIFFERENT MARKETED POLYHERBAL FORMULATION USING GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED HYPERGLYCAEMIA IN RABBIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Pranjal Boruah ◽  
Jashabir Chakraborty ◽  
Suvakanta Dash
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Equivalence ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Single Dosage

Objective: The aim of this study was performed to evaluate Antidiabetic potentiality found in different marketed polyherbal formulation using glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycaemia in the rabbit.Methods: The potentiality of different polyherbal formulation was investigated using dexamethasone (DEX) induced hyperglycaemia in Rabbit. Eight male rabbits were divided into four groups of two each. The first group is regarded as control group received 3 ml of normal saline daily by using the gastric tube for 15 d and remaining three group received (0.35 mg/Kg B.W. single dosage) of dexamethasone tablets which were powdered, dissolved in 3 ml of normal saline daily for 15 d. After 15 d the blood glucose estimated by using a glucometer and it is found that DXE treatment leads to significant increase in levels of glucose and a significant decrease in body weight. After that second group received metformin tablet. The third and fourth group received polyherbal formulation A and formulation B, which are powdered and dissolved in 3 ml of normal saline daily for 15 d at the dose of 0.5 gm/kg body weight orally. After completion of regular administration for 15 d, the blood glucose was again estimated and compare the results of each the group.Conclusion: The Anti-diabetic polyherbal marketed formulations were having less side effect as compared to standard metformin tablet (e. g. body weight loss). And both the polyherbal formulations were found a therapeutic equivalence to each other, also having the approximately similar potentiality to standard metformin tablet.Results: The result was found that the polyherbal marketed formulations were having less side effect as compared to standard metformin tablet (e. g. body weight loss). And both the polyherbal formulations were found significantly decreased in blood glucose level at equal potentiality, which can be consider as therapeutic equivalence to each other, and both the formulation also having the approximately similar potentiality to standard metformin tablet. 

scholarly journals Effect of Green Algae Chaetomorpha antennina Extract on Growth, Modulate Immunity, and Defenses against Edwardsiella tarda Infection in Labeo rohita

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Govindharajan Sattanathan ◽  
Vairakannu Tamizhazhagan ◽  
Swaminathan Padmapriya ◽  
Wen-Chao Liu ◽  
Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Lysozyme

The current study focused on assessing the outcome of methanol extract of Chaetomorpha antennina (MECA) on the growth performance and immune modulation in both specific and non-specific immune responses through the assessment of neutrophil, serum lysozyme, serum myeloperoxidase, antiprotease, ceruloplasmin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) activity in Labeo rohita (rohu) at 28 days post treatment along with assessment of the disease resistance capacity against Edwardsiella tarda at 30days post immunization. Fishes (n = 144; average weight 50.0 ± 0.23 g) were evenly divided into four treatments, with 12 fishes per tank in triplicates. The MECA was injected intraperitoneally in the fishes at different doses as 0, 25, 75, and 150 mg/kg of the body weight. The results demonstrated that fish treated with MECA have an increased body weight, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) with respect to the control group. Results suggested that the MECA inclusion can significantly enhance (p < 0.05) the levels of serum lysozyme, neutrophil function, serum antiprotease activity, cellular RNS, and ROS production. Exposure to MECA of 75 mg/kg showed a significantly higher survival percentage against E. tarda disease infection. These results indicate MECA as a stimulant of immunity in L. rohita against E. tarda. The results suggested that MECA is a potent immunostimulant in finfish aquaculture and can offer higher economic welfare.

scholarly journals Lipolysis defect in white adipose tissue and rapid weight regain

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. E185-E193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kasher-Meron ◽  
Dou Y. Youn ◽  
Haihong Zong ◽  
Jeffery E. Pessin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Serine Phosphorylation ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Period

Weight regain after weight loss is a well-described phenomenon in both humans and animal models of obesity. Reduced energy expenditure and increased caloric intake are considered the main drivers of weight regain. We hypothesized that adipose tissue with obesity memory (OM) has a tissue-autonomous lipolytic defect, allowing for increased efficiency of lipid storage. We utilized a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, which was subjected to 60% caloric restriction to achieve lean body weight, followed by a short period of high-fat diet (HFD) rechallenge. Age-matched lean mice fed HFD for the first time were used as the control group. Upon rechallenge with HFD, mice with OM had higher respiratory exchange ratios than lean mice with no OM despite comparable body weight, suggesting higher utilization of glucose over fatty acid oxidation. White adipose tissue explants with OM had comparable lipolytic response after caloric restriction; however, reduced functional lipolytic response to norepinephrine was noted as early as 5 days after rechallenge with HFD and was accompanied by reduction in hormone-sensitive lipase serine phosphorylation. The relative lipolytic defect was associated with increased expression of inflammatory genes and a decrease in adrenergic receptor genes, most notably Adrb3. Taken together, white adipose tissue of lean mice with OM shows increased sensitization to HFD compared with white adipose tissue with no OM, rendering it resistant to catecholamine-induced lipolysis. This relative lipolytic defect is tissue-autonomous and could play a role in the rapid weight regain observed after weight loss.

Worksite weight management program

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Pei Kong ◽  
Linda Jok ◽  
Azlee Bin Ayub ◽  
Rawa Ak Bau
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Worksite Intervention

Purpose This study aims to pilot test a new multi-component worksite intervention for weight loss in a primary healthcare setting. Design/methodology/approach This randomized trial involved 88 participants (43, 45; intervention, control group). The intervention group enrolled in a 12-week lifestyle program that involved modification of dietary intake by community Registered Dietitian (RDs) and increasing high-intensity interval training (HITT) with motivational interviewing (MI) to support changes. The control group received traditional counselling and weekly aerobic exercise from Medical Officer and physiotherapist. The primary outcome measure was the changes in body weight. Secondary measures were changes in blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting blood lipid and dietary changes. Assessments were repeated at a three-month interval. Findings There was a significant reduction in body weight and waist circumference within groups. Intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in all cardiometabolic risk factors. This study showed that primary healthcare setting can be successful locations in promoting short-term health benefits. RDs were more successful and HITT appeared to be a favorable workout with MI in achieving drastic weight loss. Research limitations/implications The short-term worksite intervention and not recording of body composition were the major drawbacks in this study. Originality/value The efficacy of multi-component worksite intervention (Diet–HITT–MI) in primary healthcare setting has not been clearly defined.

Assessment of body composition measure of bioelectrical impedance in patients operated for pancreatic, gastric and colorectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Przemysław Dzierżek ◽  
Krzysztof Kurnol ◽  
Wojciech Hap ◽  
Ewelina Frejlich ◽  
Agata Diakun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Neoplastic Disease

Introduction An adequate level of nutrition is important in the period of reconvalescence in patients undergoing major surgery, in particular due to neoplastic disease. Bioelectrical impedance (BIA - Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) is a widely used technique for assessing body composition. BIA measurement is easy, fast, cheap and repeatable. Material and methods The body composition of 56 patients (25 women and 31 men) was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysys. All patients was hospitalized and operated in the Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Wrocław Clinical University Hospital in 2017-2018. Results The average weight loss on the 4th postoperative day is 1.32%, and at discharge from hospital 4.23% of body weight in relation to body weight at admission to the ward. The percentage of fat tissue (FM-Fatt Mass) in patients admitted to the ward is above the normal range. The change in body weight composition in hospitalized patients is mainly related to the amount of adipose tissue and the amount of extra- and intracellular water (ECW-Extracellular Water, ICW-Intracellular Water). Conclusions Bioelectrical impedance can be an easy and effective method to assess body composition and its change in patients undergoing major surgery. Patients operated on due to pancreatic cancer lose the highest percentage of body weight until discharge from the ward in relation to body weight at the time of admission to the ward from the analyzed groups. Weight loss mainly occurs as fat loss (FM).

New GvHD Mouse Model for Assessing Both Acute and Chronic Phase of the Disease.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 5166-5166
Author(s):  
Oktawiusz Wiecha ◽  
Witold Miezynski ◽  
Leszek Wojakiewicz ◽  
Anna Zebzda ◽  
Anna Wedrychowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Graft versus host disease (GvHD) is still a very serious problem in hematopoietic stem cells transplantation which makes searching for new possibilities of its prevention and treatment necessary. Animal models are very useful tools for such research. We present a mouse model of GvHD allowing observation of both acute and chronic phase of the disease. C57Bl/6 mice (H-2b) were transplanted, one day after ablative TBI with 5×106 BM cells and 4×106 or 10×106 splenocytes isolated from allogeneic C3H. He (H-2k) or from syngeneic animals. Sex mismatched transplants were performed and chimerism of transplanted animals was confirmed by detection of sry gene with PCR. As a control group for blood examination after transplantation C3H syngeneic transplantations were performed. After transplantation, mice were weighted and physically examined by looking for changes in skin, posture, physical activity and peripheral blood parameters. Histopathological examination was performed on day +8, +16, +31 in some of the animals. Autopsy was also performed on mice which died during the experiment or which body weight decreased below 65% of the initial weight. We observed a characteristic pattern of physical symptoms of GvHD including weight loss, skin desquamation, hunching and loss of activity, diarrhea. Weight loss to 88.2% of the initial body weight on day +7 was followed by a return to the initial weight (101.1%) on day +14 and then another decrease either strong and leading to the death of the animal or moderate and leading to a long time plateau (the average body weight on days +31, +59 and +101 was 94.4%, 91.7% and 93.6%). On day +7 desquamation of the skin of paws was very well visible and since day +10 gradually intensifying desquamative changes of the skin of whole body were observed - the mean level of changes in the population was highest on days +21 to + 24. Interestingly areas of the skin which were nude before TBI and transplantation were affected earlier (changes were visible on day +7) and more severly than other regions of the skin suggesting that local more intensive damage caused by irradiation can locally aggravate the course of GvHD. The physical symptoms were accompanied with histopathological changes of liver, skin, spleen and gut. Neither physical nor histopathological symptoms of the disease were observed in mice transplanted with syngeneic cells. In fluorocytometric analysis of peripherial blood performed on days +17, +31 and +45 severe lymphopenia was observed. The average number of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and B220+ cells was strongly decreased in animals transplanted with allogeneic cells as compared to syngeneic graft recipients. At the same time expression of CD69 activation antigen on CD4+ and CD8+ cells was strongly increased in allograft recipients as compared to syngeneic controls. The course of the disease, including weight loss and skin changes, was generally less severe in the population of mice transplanted with BM + 4×106 splenocytes as compared to BM + 10×106 of splenocytes recipients. The 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles of survival function for both populations were162, 301, 405 and 45, 88, 277 days, respectively.

Maltodextrin supplemented diet prevents postoperative weight loss during the first months after gastrectomy for gastric cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 15127-15127
Author(s):  
M. Raida ◽  
H. Mestrom ◽  
H. Delbrück
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dumping Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Oral Nutrition ◽  
Postoperative Weight Loss ◽  
Oncological Rehabilitation ◽  
Study Population

15127 Background: Postoperative nutritional status is a major factor determining the outcome after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. However, weight loss is a regular consequence after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. This weight reduction occurs during the first months, after which the weight curve seems to stabilize. Aim of this study was to determine the effect of maltodextrin supplemented diet on postgastrectomy weight loss. Methods: In 2005 we introduced a liquid supplementation of maltodextrin to the conventional solid dietary schedule of patients who had underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Between 01/2005 and 6/2006 87 consecutive patients with gastric cancer were included in the study. They were admitted to our hospital for a 3–4 weeks period of oncological rehabilitation, median age was 70 years, gastrectomy had been carried out up to 8 months before study inclusion. Oral nutrition followed the recommended dietary guidelines to avoid postgastrectomy dumping syndrome. This diet was supplemented with 150 g of maltodextrin, dissolved in 1 litre of tea (600 kcal). Weight changes in this study population were compared to a control population of 65 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who had been admitted to our hospital between 01/1992 and 12/1993, matching the same inclusion criteria as the study population but fed without the supplementation of maltrodextrin. Results: During the 3–4 weeks rehabilitation period patients from the maltodextrin study group were able to reach an average weight gain of 407g while patients from the control group lost in average 352 g during the same time span. We observed that weight gain substantially improved the psychological condition of the patients. Postgastrectomy dumping syndrome was similar in both groups depending on strict control of the dietary schedule. Conclusions: We conclude that a maltodextrin supplemented diet can effectively prevent postoperative weight loss during the first months after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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