scholarly journals TRL Scale Limits for Policy for Research and Innovation in the Military Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Toma Pleşanu ◽  
Sorin Pînzariu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Military ◽  
Innovation Processes ◽  
The Eu

Abstract At present, the TRL scale is used as an instrument in decision making regarding investments in research and development also at EU level. This requires different methods to make this instrument operational by adjusting (or understanding) TRL definitions. The scale must be adapted to the specific purpose of the funding by the EU of CDI programmes, because it does not approach the feedback mechanisms that are part of the innovation processes. This paper analyses conceptually and contextually the TRL scale also used in acquisitions of military equipment, in order to emphasize the necessity of the scale so that it corresponds to the purpose of the European decision makers.

scholarly journals MODEL IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN KOTA SEMARANG PADA ERA OTONOMI DAERAH

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhdi PPs Universitas Negeri Semarang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
Management Functions

Abstract. Local autonomy in the education sector has been implemented for more than ten years; however, the results have not been satisfactory yet and have even created various problems, including in Semarang City. The objective of this research is to obtain the implementation model of the educational policy of Semarang City in the local autonomy era. This research uses the research and development approach. The research results show that the appropriate implementation model of the educational policy of Semarang City in the local autonomy era is the one which applies the interactive and participative principles, management functions and good governance. The decision making and the accomplishment of the educational policy should be done through the interactions among the decision makers, the decision implementers and the decision users so that all parties can give inputs and evaluation. The implementation of the policy is accomplished by applying the management functions especially organizing, actuating and controlling as well as applying the principle of good governance, i.e. transparency, accountability, fairness and responsiveness.Abstrak. Otonomi daerah bidang pendidikan telah lebih sepuluh tahun dilaksanakan; namun hasilnya belum menggembirakan, bahkan memunculkan berbagai masalah baru, termasuk di kota Semarang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan model implementasi kebijakan pendidikan kota Semarang pada era otonomi daerah. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah:?é?á bahwa model implementasi kebijakan pendidikan kota Semarang pada era otonomi daerah yang sesuai adalah model implementasi kebijakan pendidikan yang menerapkan prinsip interaktif, partisipatif, fungsi manajemen dan good governance. Penetapan kebijakan pelaksana dilakukan dengan?é?á interaksi antara penentu kebijakan, pelaksana kebijakan dan pengguna kebijakan, sehingga para pihak dapat memberikan masukan dan evaluasi. Pelaksanaan kebijakan dilakukan dengan?é?á menerapkan fungsi manajemen khususnya organizing, actuating, controlling, dan menerapkan prinsip good goverenance yaitu transparansi, akuntabilitas, fairnes dan responsivitas.Key words: Interactive, participative, management, good goverenance.

The European Union in Nice: A Minimalist Approach to a Historic Challenge

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlheinz Neunreither
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Interests ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Minimalist Approach ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
The Eu

In Early December 2000 The Political Leaders Of The European Union (EU) met in Nice in order to decide on the treaty adaptations needed before the enlargement envisaged for the next decade. The overall goal was to render the EU more efficient and its decision making more transparent. The outcome of this important event was widely considered as disappointing. Some observers even came to the conclusion that there were no leaders of the EU as such, but only rather narrow-minded, egotistical national leaders who did not – with minor exceptions – care about the ‘common good’ at all. Never had it become so evident, in the opinion of some, that the European perspective had been fading away for many years, and that it was being replaced by national considerations which are often short-sighted and limited to the horizon of the next national elections. One of the classical theories on European integration, neo-functionalism, measures the progress of integration in terms of the Europeanization of its political elites. From this perspective, the top decision-makers seem to be on a downward trend. Is it then a case for the opposite theory, that of intergovernmentalism, which claims that national interests continue to be in the centre of EU decision-making and that tough bargaining is of its very nature?

scholarly journals Small and medium size states in international relations and in European Union

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-112
Author(s):  
Dusko Lopandic
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
International Relation ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Context ◽  
Additional Influence ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Eu

The position of small and medium size countries in international context has been studied. The main criteria of power in international relation is still the military and economic force, despite the fact that the size and resources of a country is not equivalent to its actual international influence. With the imposition of Vilsonian principles and with the creation of UN, the position of small and medium size countries has been somehow improved. It becomes even more favorable in the context of a well defined State coalition, which provides with some additional instruments of power. The European Union is the best example of a coalition providing a good framework for small and medium countries. In this article, six specifics mechanisms providing additional influence to small and medium size countries of the EU have been identified. They include the specificity of the EU legal system, decision making, the functioning of the EU bodies, the process of 'europeisation' etc.

scholarly journals ARAS-FUCOM approach for VPAF fighter aircraft selection

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Pham Van Hoan ◽  
Yonghoon Ha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Fighter Aircraft ◽  
Product Method ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Ranking Of Alternatives ◽  
The Military ◽  
Consistency Method

Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are systematical science projects to help decision-makers reach accurate decisions. Applying MCDM methods in the military is important because accurate decision making is the deciding factor for success and can reduce expenditure and increase defense capability. The full consistency method (FUCOM), one of the methods in the MCDM group, has many advantages, and its results are reliable. This paper aims to evaluate and select an appropriate fighter aircraft for Vietnam People’s Air Force. Using FUCOM as a decision-making process, we find the final weight values of criteria and apply the additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method to derive the final ranking of alternatives to comply with criteria. Sensitivity analysis is conducted and the result is compared with the weighted product method to substantiate the sturdiness of the proposed method. The results show the Su-35 as the best available solution.

Selected aspects of innovation of companies functioning in the countries of the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Dr inż. Jerzy Baruk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Innovation Processes ◽  
Varied Level ◽  
The Eu

In the publication, the Author discusses two issues: the essence of innovations and their role in the development of enterprises and the increase of their competitiveness together with empirical aspects of the level of innovation described by three measures – universali-ty of introducing innovations, the influence of introduced innovations on turnover of en-terprises, universality of conducting research and development, treated as a source of knowledge in innovation processes. The results of the study indicate a relatively low and varied level of these measures in the enterprises from the EU Member States.

Self-Containment

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-203
Author(s):  
Antonis Adam ◽  
Petros G. Sekeris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Supportive Evidence ◽  
Arms Races ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Military ◽  
Commitment Device

In anarchic settings, potential rivals can be dragged into arms races degenerating in open wars out of mutual suspicion. We propose a novel commitment device for contestants to avoid both arming and fighting. We assume that the military decides the armament levels of a country, while the civilian decides whether to attack a rival country. When these decision-making bodies perfectly communicate, the decision makers are unable to credibly communicate to their foe their willingness not to arm and not to attack, thus implying that war ensues. With imperfect information, however, peace may ensue as countries credibly signal to their rival a more peaceful stance since contestants are more reluctant to enter in an armed confrontation with a potentially understaffed army. Using data on the 1975 to 2001 period, we provide supportive evidence that in countries where the head of the state or the defense minister are military officers, and are therefore better informed of their armies’ fighting preparedness, the likelihood of observing an international conflict is higher.

Influence, Power, and the Policy Process: The Case of Franz Ferdinand, 1906–1914

1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Political ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Military

The death of Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo galvanized the Habsburg monarchy into its most fateful decision: the initiation of local war against Serbia. His demise, among other things, ensured Berlin's fidelity to its alliance commitment, convinced (mistakenly) the decision-makers in Vienna that monarchical solidarity would keep Russia in check, and allowed the Hungarians to breathe more easily. But the heir apparent's death may also have had an importance generally overlooked in analyzing the crisis of July 1914.1 Put simply, his disappearance suddenly altered the decision-making processes of the Habsburg monarchy. The elaborate consultative procedures involving the archduke, his military chancellery, and advisers were abruptly terminated. No longer did the joint ministers, the national ministers, the military hierarchy or the emperor's court officials have to consider the archduke and his strong, often peaceful, views on foreign policy. Even Franz Joseph was now spared the irritation of having to explain a decision to his insistent nephew. Sarajevo thus not only supplied the occasion for Vienna's decision for war, it helped, by drastically revising the political process, to accelerate that decision.

TEA

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohao Sun ◽  
Grant Meredith ◽  
Andrew Stranieri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Web Services ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Generic Framework

This paper proposes TEA: a generic framework for decision making in web services, which integrates the environment (6 Ps) of decision making, the behaviors (6 Cs) of decision makers, and inner activities (another 6 Ps) of decision makers. This framework unifies what the decision makers can “eye” (the above-mentioned first 6Ps), should “think” (the above-mentioned another 6 Ps) and “act” (6 Cs), whenever making decisions in web services. The paper also examines interrelationships among the first 6 Ps, 6 Cs, and another 6Ps, and their influences on decision making in web services. The proposed approach will facilitate research and development of decision making and decision support systems in web services.

Research on Nano-Technology and Military Modernization

2012 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Wang ◽  
Xue Cheng Lu ◽  
Ying Ren
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Modernization ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
The Military

In the future, war is the war of science and technology among countries. In addition, nanotechnology plays an irreplaceable role. In the military field, many advanced countries in the world are carrying out extensive research and development. With the development of nanotechnology and its continuous application in weapons and equipment, weapons and equipment have been improved in many ways. This paper mainly studies the application of nanotechnology materials in military equipment. Moreover, it briefly describes the military modernization process of nanotechnology, as well as its influence on the outcome direction of the military wars.

scholarly journals European military naval industry: From fragmentation to Europenization?

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-386
Author(s):  
Dejana Vukasovic
Keyword(s):  
Military Operations ◽  
Member States ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
The Eu

The paper analyzes the development and perspectives of the European military naval industry. Since the EU is increasingly engaged in maritime military operations in the framework of the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), this field of industry is becoming increasingly important for the functioning of the EU as a strategic actor. Like other military industry sectors (military aeronautics and electronics, land industry), the naval military industry has undergone significant changes since the Cold War and the process of ?banalization? that has affected it. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question to what extent this field of industry is ?Europeanized?, i.e., whether we can discuss about the ?banalization? of the European naval industry, and what consequences these processes have on the national sovereignty of the EU Member States. In order to answer these questions, the paper will first consider the process of ?banalization? of the European military industry. Then, the analysis will focus on the naval military industry sector. The author highlights the fragmentation of this industry and its ?national capture?. Finally, in the third part of the paper, the perspectives of the development of this industry are discussed. It is argued that the European naval military industry is not yet ?Europeanized? and that EU member states continue to favor national producers. However, in the light of new initiatives implemented in the field of development of the EU military equipment market, the military industry as a whole, and therefore the naval military industry, is moving towards increasing homogenization and Europeanization.

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