Determination of the Antagonistic Effects of Some Rhizospheric Bacteria against Macrophomina phaseolina under In Vitro Conditions

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is a fungal pathogen causes charcoal rot disease (Sin: Rhizoctonia bataticola) and is responsible for significant yield losses in many plants. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the antagonistic ability of 39 different bacteria, isolated from the fields of sugar beet in 2019, against the pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina isolated from sugar beet, beans and chickpeas. Approximately 31% of the bacteria showed antibiosis effect against the pathogen. It was determined that the effectiveness level of Lelliottia amnigena, Bacillus atrophaeus, B.pumilus and B. cereus (7 isolates) was moderate to high against Macrophomina phaseolina. Bacillus atrophaeus (PTo15-1a) showed the highest efficacy of 80%, 72.94% and 82.35% against Macrophomina phaseolina of chickpea, bean and sugar beet respectively. Lelliottia amnigena (Pto 14-1b) was moderately effective (57.78%) against the chickpea isolate of the pathogen. It was observed that of the seven Bacillus cereus isolates used in the experiment, three isolates (Pto14-1a, Pto12-1b, Pto17-1b) were highly effective against the chickpea pathogen, two (Pto12-1b, Pto14-2b) against bean pathogen, and one (Pto15-1b) against sugar beet isolate. Results have shown varied level of antagonism by different test bacterial against different Macrophomina phaseolina isolates, while the highest level of antibiosis shown by Bacillus atrophaeus against all pathogenic isolates indicated that it can be a potential future bioagent in managing the disease.

Wiedza mieszkańców gminy Lipno na temat raka jelita grubego

Introduction. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, regardless of gender. Most often it affects the rectal area. In Poland, the dynamics of morbidity is much greater than in Europe. There is an upward trend in the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer among the population. Aim. The aim of the research was to find out the level of knowledge of the in-habitants of the Lipno commune about colorectal cancer and the range of health habits. Material and methods. The research was carried out on a group of 100 re-spondents from the commune and city of Lipno. The respondents were diverse in terms of age, sex, education and place of residence. A questionnaire of the own-made questionnaire and the IZZ questionnaire were used for the evalua-tion. Results. The group of respondents was 100 people, 53% of whom were wom-en, while men - 47%, the average age of the respondents was 44.6 years. The point mean of the level of knowledge of the respondents was - 5.82 points. The result shows a low level of knowledge. Conclusions. The conducted research showed a varied level of respondents' knowledge and different health behaviours. The group of respondents was characterized by a low level of knowledge about the prevention of colorectal cancer.

Mother-Child Communication Pattern on Awe-Awe Doer Family: A Study in Kalibaru Manis Village Banyuwangi Regency

This research focused on describing communication pattern between mother and her young child in awe-awe doer family. The study held in Kalibaru Manis village in Banyuwangi regency, Indonesia, with descriptive qualitative methodology. There’re three mothers participated as informants, all of them are awe-awe doer and likely to bring their children when working on the street. The result shows that there are protective communication pattern in mother-young children relationship, with varied level of controlling behaviour and disciplinary techniques used in the family that depend on the importance of discipline and level of the mother’s confidence to assert discipline to the children. When awe-awe is not the main income of the family, the mother does not put much control on their children about it. Awe-awe then become unique opportunities for the children to decide for themselves.

Shifting the use of Leuit in agricultural systems

Leuit is a grain bin and has a function to store the community’s rice grains of Suka Puyuh Village. This research aims to describe the preservation effort of Leuit in Suka Puyuh Village. Leuit has been preserved through family trait, Leuit reactivation program, and exploiting ruwat lembur tradition as the mechanism. The villagers’ attempts to preserve the Leuit intrigued the researcher to conduct further research concerning the existence of the Leuit in Suka Puyuh Village. This research is an ethnographic research along with employing a descriptive method and qualitative approach. Further, the technique of data collection uses observation methods and depth interviews. The obtained data are analyzed using Wilbert E. Moore’s Social Change theory. The results of this study indicate that Leuit in Kampung Suka Puyu’s community life has undergone a shift because of the change of social structure. Development of the agricultural system from simple to a more advanced and varied level has an impact on the shift of farming system to gardening system.

Whole-genome sequencing and phenotyping revealed structural variants and varied level of resistance against leaf crumple disease in diverse lines of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

The production and quality of Phaseolus vulgaris (snap bean) have been negatively impacted by leaf crumple disease caused by two whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses; cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) and sida golden mosaic Florida virus (SiGMFV), which often appear as a mixed infection in Georgia. Host resistance is the most economical management strategy against whitefly-transmitted viruses. Currently, information is not available with respect to resistance to these two viruses in commercial cultivars. In two field seasons (2018 and 2019), we screened Phaseolus sp. genotypes (n = 84 in 2018; n = 80 in 2019; most of the genotypes were common in both years with a few exceptions) for resistance against CuLCrV and/or SiGMFV. Twenty genotypes with high- to moderate-levels of resistance (disease severity ranging from 5-50%) to CuLCrV and/or SiGMFV were identified. Twenty-one genotypes were found to be highly susceptible with a disease severity of ≥66%. Adult whitefly counts differed significantly among snap bean genotypes for both years. The whole genome of these Phaseolus sp. (n=82) genotypes was sequenced and genetic variability among them was identified. Over 900 giga-base (Gb) of filtered data were generated and >88% of the resulting data were mapped to the reference genome, and SNP and Indel variants in Phaseolus genotypes were obtained. A total of 645,729 SNPs and 68,713 Indels including 30,169 insertions and 38,543 deletions were identified, which were distributed in 11 chromosomes with chromosome 02 harboring the maximum number of variants. These phenotypic and genotypic information will be helpful in genome-wide association studies that will aid in identifying genetic basis of resistance to these begomoviruses in Phaseolus sp.

Congruence Amidst Discordance between Sequence and Protein-Content Based Phylogenies of Fungi

Amid the genomic data explosion, phylogenomic analysis has resolved the tree of life of different organisms, including fungi. Genome-wide clustering has also been conducted based on gene content data that can lighten the issue of the unequal evolutionary rate of genes. In this study, using different fungal species as models, we performed phylogenomic and protein-content (PC)-based clustering analysis. The obtained sequence tree reflects the phylogenetic trajectory of examined fungal species. However, 15 PC-based trees constructed from the Pfam matrices of the whole genomes, four protein families, and ten subcellular locations largely failed to resolve the speciation relationship of cross-phylum fungal species. However, lifestyle and taxonomic associations were more or less evident between closely related fungal species from PC-based trees. Pairwise congruence tests indicated that a varied level of congruent or discordant relationships were observed between sequence- and PC-based trees, and among PC-based trees. It was intriguing to find that a few protein family and subcellular PC-based trees were more topologically similar to the phylogenomic tree than was the whole genome PC-based phylogeny. In particular, a most significant level of congruence was observed between sequence- and cell wall PC-based trees. Cophylogenetic analysis conducted in this study may benefit the prediction of the magnitude of evolutionary conservation, interactive associations, or networking between different family or subcellular proteins.

Personality and temperament of Olympic taekwondo competitors and their level of advancement and sports performance

Background: ‪The goal of the presented study was to identify personality and temperament traits of Olympic taekwondo competitors at a varied level of advancement in relation to their sports performance. Material and methods: ‪There were 127 Olympic taekwondo competitors in a junior category (n = 63) and a senior one (n = 64) who were divided into two research groups, i.e. competitors who won medals and competitors who did not win medals in the Polish championship of Olympic taekwondo. Results: H‪aving analysed the data, it turned out that the two researched groups (juniors and seniors) were similar regarding a low level of anxiety and neuroticism, a high level of extroversion and an average level of agreeableness. The only variable significantly differentiating competitors in junior and senior groups was neuroticism. Conclusions: ‪In the junior group, it was extroversion that differentiated the competitors with or without medals, in the senior one – agreeableness.

Histological Response of Clarias gariepinus to Varying Concentrations of Pharmaceutical Effluents

For the past few decades, environmental pollution is considered a major global problem for public health and this problem has continued to impact aquatic environment. Pharmaceutical discharges are major sources of pollution that poses serious threat to aquatic animals like fish, therefore, this work aimed at evaluating the histological architecture of the gill tissues of Clarias gariepinus on exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of pharmaceutical effluents using standard laboratory procedure. The physicochemical characteristics of the pharmaceutical effluent used revealed varied level of deviations from World Health Organization standard for waste discharge into any categories of water bodies. The histological studies of the sectioned gills of the exposed fish showed varied level of histological alterations which are concentrations dependent. The observed histopathological lesions recorded include infiltration of secondary lamellae, inter-lamellae hyper plastic lesion, and oedema, congestion of the blood vessels, epithelial thickening and lifting, and necrosis of various degrees. All the fish held in the control stock showed inappreciable or no histological degradation and their staining patterns and cellular arrangement remained unaffected and this showed that even low concentration of such effluent is enough to induce physiological imbalances in aquatic organisms. The degrees of all these recorded anomalies were concentration dependent. Therefore, indiscriminate disposal of this effluent is detrimental to aquatic community and to combat this, strict compliance of the laws with total vigilance against illegal discharge of effluent should be enacted and enforced.

Assessment of Sustainability in Agriculture of the European Union Countries

This paper aimed at evaluating the level of sustainability in agriculture in 28 member states of the European Union. The surveys were carried out based on a synthetic technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS)-based measure. This method synthesizes factors of various nature and assigns them a synthetic aggregate measure. The analysis made it possible to develop a ranking of EU member states according to a differentiated level of measures and assign them to one of four groups characterized by different levels of sustainability in agriculture. The group of member states representing the highest level of sustainability in agriculture included two countries from Central and Eastern Europe, i.e., Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The group of countries with a greater than average level of sustainability comprised 14 member states of the European Union, including seven countries admitted to the community after 2004. The group with a low level of sustainability consisted of eight EU member states, six of them from the group of old EU member states, i.e., Ireland, Portugal, Greece, Italy, Denmark and the United Kingdom, and two new members, i.e., Romania and Slovenia. On the other hand, the lowest level of sustainability was characteristic of two “old EU” member states, i.e., The Netherlands and Belgium, and two “new EU” member states, i.e., Cyprus and Malta. The differentiated synthetic measure values showed disparities in the level of sustainability in agriculture among the member states of the European Union. They are a result of the varied level of development of this sector, production intensity and the resulting environmental impact.