Assessment of the Changes in the Economy of Municipal Waste in Poland After 2004

Abstract The aim of European Union policy is to implement the principles of sustainable development, in which particularly important are: environmental protection and rational management of resources. Major role is given to waste management and appropriate prioritization of activities in this area. The main goal of waste management is prevention, minimization and elimination of wastes “at source”, as well as encouraging efficient use of natural resources through recovery and recycling of waste. Storage process should be minimalized over the years until the complete elimination. As shown by statistics data, unfortunately in Poland, the process is very slow. The analysis of the data provided by the Central Statistical Office (CSO) over the last thirteen years shows a significant increase in the level of recovery and recycling of municipal waste. All together it was 11.654 million Mg of municipal waste collected in 2016. Wastes selected from municipal waste (paper, glass, plastics, metals) accounted for only 25.2% (2.942 million Mg), and mixed waste accounted for 74.8% (8.712 million Mg). In 2016 the recycling rate was 27.83%, composting or fermentation – 16.22%, 19.44% of municipal wastes are subjected thermal transformation and the storage level is 36.51%. Landfilling is still the most common form of municipal waste disposal.

Download Full-text

Characteristics of Wastes Produced by Polish Ferrous Alloys Casting Foundries between the Years 2010–2014

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering ◽

10.7494/jcme.2019.3.4.71 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 70-77

Author(s):

Mateusz Skrzyński

Keyword(s):

Ferrous Metal ◽

Ferrous Alloy ◽

National Scale ◽

Ferrous Alloys ◽

Waste Storage ◽

Central Statistical ◽

Central Statistical Office ◽

And Storage ◽

Annual Amount

The balance of wastes originating from the foundry processes of ferrous alloys, prepared on the basis of data made available by the Polish Central Statistical Office, is presented in this paper. The kind and amount of individual foundry wastes subjected to management and storage by foundry plants were analysed. The problem of wastes between the years 2010–2016 is discussed on the national scale, as well as in individual regions or voivodeships. Altogether, 27,375.9 tons of waste from the group no. 10, of which non-ferrous metal and ferrous alloy wastes from foundry plants constituted 2%, were produced in Poland in 2010. This situation remained at a similar level over successive years, till 2014. The positive prognosis constitutes the fact that the amount of waste stored on dumping grounds belonging to foundry plants in Poland is gradually decreasing. This may be related to increasing costs of waste storage. During the tested years, the annual amount of gathered waste decreased from 4,796.6 thousand tons (in 2010) to 4,477.6 thousand tons (in 2014).

Download Full-text

The objectives and legal instruments of Municipal Waste Management in the Slovak Republic

Prawne Problemy Górnictwa i Ochrony Środowiska ◽

10.31261/ppgos.2020.01-02.03 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 29-40

Author(s):

Martin Dufala

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Waste Management ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

High Rate ◽

Recycling Rate ◽

The European Union ◽

Municipal Waste Management ◽

Per Capita

In particular, two types of data are important for assessing the state of waste management in each Member State of the European Union — first, the amount of the waste generated per capita annually and waste recovery rate, second, the rate of waste disposal in accordance with the waste hierarchy. The latest available statistics on the amount of waste generated per capita are for 2018. While the European Union average is 492 kg of municipal waste produced per capita for 2018, the Slovak Republic’s waste production is slightly less than that, with an average of 414 kg of municipal waste produced per capita for 2018. On the other hand, Denmark with 766 kg of municipal waste produced per capita annually is at the bottom of the European Union ranking. The Czech Republic with 351 kg and Poland with 329 kg of municipal waste produced per capita on the average annually for the same period are in better position than Slovak Republic. Another important data for the evaluation of the state of municipal waste management is the rate of recovery of municipal waste, alternatively — the municipal waste recycling rate. Within this scope, the Slovak Republic performs considerably worse, both regarding the waste management objectives and in comparison with the European Union average, or in comparison with remaining Member States. While the average recycling rate of municipal waste in the European Union was 47.0% in 2018, the Slovak Republic recycled only 36.3% of municipal waste in 2018. The situation within this scope in the Czech Republic/Czechia (34.5%) and Poland (34.3%) were similar. Germany achieved the highest municipal waste recycling rate in 2018, up to 67.3%. Directly related to the rate of the municipal waste recovery is the high rate of waste disposal, especially in the form of landfill, which was in the Slovak Republic in 2018 amounted to 55.0%. Despite the high rate of landfill, we can speak of a reduction in the landfill rate of municipal waste compared to previous years. From the foregoing data of selected indicators of the average recycling rate of municipal waste, it can be deduced that the system of municipal waste management in the Slovak Republic is obviously flawed, in as much as municipal waste management lacks long-term management in accordance with the waste hierarchy. The said deficiency may result either from insufficient legislation pertaining to this area or failure in terms of its enforcement.

Download Full-text

MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ROMANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EU. A STAKEHOLDERS’ PERSPECTIVE

Technological and Economic Development of Economy ◽

10.3846/tede.2019.10295 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 850-876

Author(s):

Carmen Nastase ◽

Carmen Emilia Chașovschi ◽

Mihaela State ◽

Adrian-Liviu Scutariu

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Management System ◽

Management Practices ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Household Waste ◽

Recycling Rate ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Waste Management System ◽

Use Of Resources ◽

The Eu

The European waste policy is focused on reducing the negative impact of waste, eliminating the unhealthy use of resources, and on better waste management. The aim of this paper is to analyse Romania’s waste management practices in the EU context. The research methodology is based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis. The descriptive data analysis reveals significant differences among EU countries in terms of the municipal waste generated and the recycling rate. The municipal waste generated registers decrease, whereas there are significant increases in terms of the recycling rates in the EU countries. The qualitative research is based on the analysis of structured interviews among stakeholders, relevant for the waste management in Romania. The information obtained based on interviews was processed using NVivo and the main findings are focused on recommendations for improving the waste management system. We have identified a lack of adequate public support in the waste field due to insufficient awareness programs, lack of operator’s obligation for separate waste sanitation, people's discouragement to separate their household waste, and lack of bins to separate collection. The correction of identified weaknesses could lead to an improved waste management system, feasible only through an active involvement of stakeholders

Download Full-text

Assessment of the Fragility of the Municipal Waste Sector in Serbia Using System Dynamics Modelling

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14020862 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 862

Author(s):

Miloš Jovičić ◽

Goran B. Bošković ◽

Nebojša Jovičić ◽

Marija Savković ◽

Ivan Mačužić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

System Dynamics ◽

Informal Sector ◽

Discrete Event ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Recycling Rate ◽

Current Form ◽

System Dynamics Modelling ◽

Dynamics Modelling ◽

Waste Sector

This research develops a novel methodology for municipal waste management in Serbia, based on system dynamics modelling. The methodology shows how a country and relevant institutions should address complexities in the waste management sector. Waste management is a critical issue globally, which heavily impacts the economic development of a country, including the general quality of life within a society. The designed simulation generates different scenarios of the Serbian municipal waste system for reaching the 2035 recycling rate targets. Methodologies such as the theory of constraints, fragility analysis, and systems dynamics were implemented in the model. The scenarios and fragility modelling were conducted with the system dynamics modelling methodology in the Ventity simulation environment. The designed model has elements of discrete event simulations, system dynamics, and agent-based modelling. Importantly, real-world data for the period of five years (from the year 2016 to 2020) was used in the case study. This research undoubtedly reveals that the informal sector is the key source of fragility to the dynamic system considered. During the considered period, the informal sector contributed 62.3% of all separated waste to the system. Consequently, this research concludes that for the waste sector in Serbia to reach the 2035 EU goals, the existing practice in waste management has to be changed significantly and will benefit from the modelling approach used here. The whole system is highly dependent on the informal sector, which, in its current form, is volatile, unregulated, and fragile to aggressive regulative policies.

Download Full-text

The mechanism of stimulating the rational management of municipal waste: international experience

Economy and ecology of territorial educations ◽

10.23947/2413-1474-2020-4-4-47-56 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

Y. A. Chernookiy ◽

◽

A. D. Murzin ◽

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Economic Incentives ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Rational Management

Municipal solid waste management is a critical factor in sustainable development. This task is the most important priority of state policy at the present time. The purpose of the study is to review the experience of leading countries in the field of economic incentives for the rational management of municipal waste. The study examines the experience of Germany and Croatia in the implementation of a depository-pledge system for handling containers and food packaging. As a result, the study examines the prospects and ad-vantages of using this system in the Russian context.

Download Full-text

Challenges in the management of data on extractive waste—the Polish case

Mineral Economics ◽

10.1007/s13563-019-00203-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 341-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joanna Kulczycka ◽

Ewa Dziobek ◽

Anita Szmiłyk

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Extractive Industries ◽

Industrial Symbiosis ◽

Individual Group ◽

Mining Company ◽

The Public ◽

Central Statistical ◽

Central Statistical Office ◽

Detailed Assessment

Abstract The study analysed the waste statistics of European Union (EU) countries with particular emphasis on waste from extractive industries. Assessment of the data available at EU level (Eurostat) and presented by individual countries showed that even with a number of EU regulations and guidance, there are no complete, consistent and integrated reports that monitor the implementation of measures and support for waste management. Based on the example of Poland, a detailed analysis of the environmental reports from each mining company (to the regional database) and a grouping of the data according to EU waste codes were conducted for the 2017 data. The results were then compared with the data provided by the Central Statistical Office. It has been shown that there is a need for the reporting to be improved in order to avoid inconsistencies and to be able to undertake a detailed assessment of the approach and activities carried out with regard to their impact on the environment and society. Based on the example of Poland, the collection of data based on the waste code at the level of each mining company can be recommended, and this should be made available to the public by individual group of wastes on one platform (e.g. Eurostat) which would be helpful for proper waste management and the creation of industrial symbiosis and a quicker transformation towards a circular economy.

Download Full-text

GEOECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SOLID MUNICIPAL WASTE STORAGE FACILITIES PLACEMENT IN VORONEZH REGION

Geopolitics and Ecogeodynamics of regions ◽

10.37279/2309-7663-2020-6-2-254-264 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6(16) (2) ◽

pp. 254-264

Author(s):

T. V. Ashikhmina ◽

T. V. Ovchinnikova ◽

P. S. Kuprienko ◽

A. M. Ashikhmin

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Waste Storage ◽

Environmental Threat ◽

Voronezh Region ◽

Solid Municipal Waste ◽

Made In

The article discusses the geo-environmental conditions of Voronezh region, which have a significant impact on potential environmental threat of solid municipal waste (MSW) facilities. Zoning of the region was carried out according to the priority of potentially dangerous geoecological factors to be assessed when choosing the location of MSW landfills. Conclusions made in this work can serve as recommendations in formation of a resource-saving environmentally friendly waste management system in the territory of the Voronezh region.

Download Full-text

JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESOURCE APPROACH IN WASTE MANAGEMENT ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Economics Profession Business ◽

10.14258/epb201991 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 89-97

Author(s):

O. V. Usikova ◽

N. V. Petrova ◽

A. V. Fedorova

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Management Tool ◽

Disturbed Land ◽

Solid Municipal Waste ◽

Rational Management ◽

The Russian Federation

Justification of the rational management of solid municipal waste is an urgent problem for our country. This situation is due to the presence of a large amount of waste generated annually, which, as a rule, is stored uncontrolled in landfills, dumps and is less recyclable. In this regard, the study analyzes the current state of legislation in the field of solid municipal waste management in the Russian Federation, as well as the experience of waste management abroad and highlights its main features. The possibility of using the resource approach is estimated by the example of calculating the cost of waste disposal and recycling, energy utilization technologies. As a result, the propused structure of such on approach which is new and promising for the development of management processes and implementation of recycling need generated by municipal waste. Besides, as a practical management tool, the article offers indicators that should be used as a basis for a methodological approach to calculating the resource potential of solid municipal waste and calculating the tariff for reclamation of disturbed land, which will increase the socio-economic efficiency of waste management.

Download Full-text

National and subnational outcomes of waste management policies for 1718 municipalities in Japan: development of a bottom-up waste flow model and its application to a declining population through 2030

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management ◽

10.1007/s10163-021-01303-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rokuta Inaba ◽

Tomohiro Tasaki ◽

Kosuke Kawai ◽

Shotaro Nakanishi ◽

Yusuke Yokoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

National Level ◽

National Policy ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Recycling Rate ◽

Additional Measure ◽

Municipal Policies ◽

National Output ◽

Waste Flow ◽

Business As Usual

AbstractJapan has been promoting 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) policies for several decades, but the recycling rate of the whole country has leveled off, and more effective policies are needed. At the same time, municipalities have been implementing measures for municipal waste management considering their specific regional conditions, but the relationship between the municipalities’ policy inputs and national policy output is unclear, which causes difficulties in setting national targets and identifying effective policies. We, therefore, developed the Municipal Input and National Output Waste (MINOWA) model, which represents the municipal waste flows of all 1718 municipalities in Japan. The model enables users to establish various 3R measures at the municipal level and estimate their effects at the national level. Using the model, we estimated the flows under business-as-usual (BaU) and additional-measure scenarios that extended the use of conventional policies to 2030. The results revealed differences in the policy effects between areas with different populations. In addition, the results showed that the extension of conventional measures will be insufficient to achieve national goals. The developed model links municipal policies, regional characteristics, and national policy and goal-setting in an integrated framework, and supports ways to find more effective policies.

Download Full-text