scholarly journals Using Heinrich’s (Bird’s) Pyramid of Adverse Events to Assess the Level of Safety in an Airline

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juris Maklakovs ◽  
Aleksandrs Bitins ◽  
Ruta Bogdane ◽  
Vladimir Shestakov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Risk Matrices

Abstract One of the key concepts in matters of flight safety is that of special (abnormal) situations, with airworthiness regulation and certification of aviation equipment being based on this concept. At the same time, one is forced to admit that today there is no explicit interpretation of the standardized traits of special situations, nor are they not fully elucidated in the scientific literature. In this article we propose a pyramid-based approach to interpreting special (abnormal) in-flight situations, which allows for risk assessment not using risk matrices, but instead relying only on the probabilistic characteristics of the occurrence of events. Using the presence of a causal relationship between the layers of the pyramid, we propose an algorithm for the transition of varying degrees of danger of special situations. This algorithm can be used to develop an on-board device that informs the pilot about the dynamics of transitions from one situation to another, representing each emergency situation in a certain color.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of the Adverse Events in Air Transportation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juris Maklakovs ◽  
Jevgēnijs Tereščenko ◽  
Vladimirs Šestakovs
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Aviation Security ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
Tree Methods

Abstract In the field of security in transport distinguish risks related to flight safety and aviation security. Safety of flights is ensured through the reliability of aviation equipment and the qualification of the personnel who services and operates it, aviation security is a condition of protection from illegal interference in its activity. Risk management in civil aviation in the field of security is a relatively new direction of activity. Deep research in this area began only at the beginning of the XXI century. It is quite difficult to use the existing experience of risk management, accumulated in other spheres, as civil aviation has significant features. Various methods and schemes can be used to assess risks. The article discusses various options for predicting risks using the “event tree” and “risk factor tree” methods.

scholarly journals Safe and Effective Use of Ozone as Air and Surface Disinfectant in the Conjuncture of Covid-19

Gases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Elena Grignani ◽  
Antonella Mansi ◽  
Renato Cabella ◽  
Paola Castellano ◽  
Angelo Tirabasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Effective Use

The present paper extrapolates quantitative data for ozone virucidal activity on the basis of the available scientific literature data for a safe and effective use of ozone in the appropriate cases and to explore the safety measures developed under the stimulus of the current emergency situation. Ozone is a powerful oxidant reacting with organic molecules, and therefore has bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal actions. At the same time, it is a toxic substance, having adverse effects on health and safety. Its use is being proposed for the disinfection of workplaces’ and public places’ atmosphere, and for disposable masks and personal protective equipment disinfection for reuse, with particular reference to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Ozone can be generated in situ by means of small, compact ozone generators, using dried ambient air as a precursor. It should be injected into the room that is to be disinfected until the desired ozone concentration is reached; after the time needed for the disinfection, its concentrations must be reduced to the levels required for the workers’ safety. The optimal use of ozone is for air and surface disinfection without human presence, using a concentration that is effective for the destruction of viruses, but not high enough to deteriorate materials.

scholarly journals Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing Carfilzomib: Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Cardiovascular Adverse Events Prediction

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Anna Astarita ◽  
Giulia Mingrone ◽  
Lorenzo Airale ◽  
Fabrizio Vallelonga ◽  
Michele Covella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) are linked to Carfilzomib (CFZ) therapy in multiple myeloma (MM); however, no validated protocols on cardiovascular risk assessment are available. In this prospective study, the effectiveness of the European Myeloma Network protocol (EMN) in cardiovascular risk assessment was investigated, identifying major predictors of CVAEs. From January 2015 to March 2020, 116 MM patients who had indication for CFZ therapy underwent a baseline evaluation (including blood pressure measurements, echocardiography and arterial stiffness estimation) and were prospectively followed. The median age was 64.53 ± 8.42 years old, 56% male. Five baseline independent predictors of CVAEs were identified: office systolic blood pressure, 24-h blood pressure variability, left ventricular hypertrophy, pulse wave velocity value and global longitudinal strain. The resulting ‘CVAEs risk score’ distinguished a low- and a high-risk group, obtaining a negative predicting value for the high-risk group of 90%. 52 patients (44.9%) experienced one or more CVAEs: 17 (14.7%) had major and 45 (38.7%) had hypertension-related events. In conclusion, CVAEs are frequent and a specific management protocol is crucial. The EMN protocol and the risk score proved to be useful to estimate the baseline risk for CVAEs during CFZ therapy, allowing the identification of higher-risk patients.

scholarly journals Estimating the system efficiency to ensure aircraft flight safety

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Mariusz Zieja ◽  
Henryk Smoliński ◽  
Paweł Gołda
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
Aircraft Flight ◽  
Assurance System ◽  
Random Nature

Abstract In the article was presented approach logical - probabilistic to assess the efficiency of the flight safety assurance system of aircraft considering that it is justified by the random nature of the process, which describe the indicators and logic is necessary during qualifying the threats and prevent such threats. Was proposed a method of quantitative estimation of system efficiency based on data and information collected in the information systems exploited in the Air Force. Was presented an analytical method for determining the probability of counteracting by the pilot emergency situation in-flight in cases where we have relevant data on the risks of flight safety. The probability of counteracting by the pilot emergency situation in-flight is even greater the higher the expected value and the lower the variance.

scholarly journals Genetic testing for choroideremia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (s1) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Andi Abeshi ◽  
Alessandra Zulian ◽  
Tommaso Beccari ◽  
Munis Dundar ◽  
Francesco Viola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination

Abstract We studied the scientific literature and disease guidelines in order to summarize the clinical utility of the genetic test for choroideremia (CHM). CHM is an inherited X-linked recessive disorder associated with variations in the CHM gene. The overall prevalence of CHM varies from 1 in 50 000 to 1 in 100 000. Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical findings, ophthalmological examination, visual field, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography and electroretinography. The genetic test is useful for confirming diagnosis and for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials.

scholarly journals Genetic testing for color vision deficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (s1) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Andi Abeshi ◽  
Alice Bruson ◽  
Tommaso Beccari ◽  
Munis Dundar ◽  
Leonardo Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Dark Adaptometry

Abstract We studied the scientific literature and disease guidelines in order to summarize the clinical utility of genetic testing for color vision deficiency (CVD). Deuteranopia affects 1 in 12 males and is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner. It is associated with variations in the OPN1LW (OMIM gene: 300822; OMIM disease: 303900) and OPN1MW (OMIM gene: 300821; OMIM disease: 303800) genes. Tritanopia has a prevalence of 1 in 10 000, is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, and is related to variations in the OPN1SW (OMIM gene: 613522; OMIM disease: 190900) gene. Blue cone monochromatism has a prevalence of 1 in 100 000, is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner and is related to mutations in the OPN1LW (OMIM gene: 300822; OMIM disease: 303700) and OPN1MW (OMIM gene: 300821; OMIM disease: 303700) genes. Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical findings, ophthalmogical examination, family history, electroretingraphy, color vision testing and dark adaptometry. The genetic test is useful for confirming diagnosis, and for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials.

Stochastic Methods for Estimation and Problem Solving in Engineering

2018 ◽  
pp. 139-160
Author(s):  
Tetiana Shmelova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Professional Activities

In this chapter, the author presents stochastic methods in aviation. The stochastic methods are presented as methods of decision making (DM) of operators of air navigation systems (ANS) in risk and uncertainly. The ANS is presented as a socio-technical system (STS). Analysis influences the factors of professional and non-professional activities on DM of STS's operators. The author made an analysis of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) documents on risk assessment. To determine the quantitative characteristics of risk levels, models for DM by the operator of the aviation system under risk and uncertainty have been developed. The author demonstrates some interesting advantages offered by the new methodology of DM in STS and forecasting the behavior of the operator in an emergency situation (ES) for using models of DM in risk and uncertainty.

Characterizing Conflict, Defining the Media

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-48
Author(s):  
Herman Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Western Democracies

This chapter clarifies key concepts and theoretical frameworks and explains how they will be used to build the book’s central arguments. The chapter asks questions such as: What is meant by “the media”? How is conflict defined? What are the links between media and conflict? Is there a causal relationship between the mediatization of conflict and its outcomes? The chapter also introduces the question of the applicability of normative frameworks inherited from established Western democracies to African societies going through transitions from authoritarianism to democracy. The relationship between media, conflict, and democratization is a complex one that can be approached from different angles. This chapter considers three of these angles—the critical perspective, the contestation perspective, and the cultural perspective.

scholarly journals Genetic testing for Mendelian myopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (s1) ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
Andi Abeshi ◽  
Pamela Coppola ◽  
Tommaso Beccari ◽  
Munis Dundar ◽  
Leonardo Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Recessive Transmission

Abstract We studied the scientific literature and disease guidelines in order to summarize the clinical utility of genetic testing for Mendelian myopia (MM), a large and heterogeneous group of inherited refraction disorders. Variations in the SLC39A5, SCO2 and COL2A1 genes have an autosomal dominant transmission, whereas those in the LRPAP1, P3H2, LRP2 and SLITRK6 genes have autosomal recessive transmission. The prevalence of MM is currently unknown. Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical findings, family history, ophthalmological examination and other tests depending on complications. The genetic test is useful for confirming diagnosis, and for differential diagnosis, couple risk assessment and access to clinical trials.

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