scholarly journals A Study on Phyto-Chemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Spices on Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Commercially Important Edible Marine Fishes, Euthynnus Affinis (Cantor), Katsuwonus Pelamis L. and Auxis Thazard (Lacepede) (Family Scombridae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-72
Author(s):  
Swathi Patrata ◽  
Jacob Solomon Raju Aluri
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Euthynnus Affinis ◽  
Common Spices ◽  
Monthly Variations

Abstract Ten bacterial species were isolated and monthly variations in their count were recorded from three edible tuna fishes. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of hexane, chloroform, methanol, and distilled water extracts of twelve common spices, against the isolated bacteria were evaluated. The study indicates that these pathogenic bacteria in all three tuna fish species cause various human health problems upon consumption.

scholarly journals Targeted-Antibacterial-Plasmids (TAPs) combining conjugation and CRISPR/Cas systems achieve strain-specific antibacterial activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Reuter ◽  
Cécile Hilpert ◽  
Annick Dedieu-Berne ◽  
Sophie Lematre ◽  
Erwan Gueguen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

AbstractThe global emergence of drug-resistant bacteria leads to the loss of efficacy of our antibiotics arsenal and severely limits the success of currently available treatments. Here, we developed an innovative strategy based on Targeted-Antibacterial-Plasmids (TAPs) that use bacterial conjugation to deliver CRISPR/Cas systems exerting a strain-specific antibacterial activity. TAPs are highly versatile as they can be directed against any specific genomic or plasmid DNA using the custom algorithm (CSTB) that identifies appropriate targeting spacer sequences. We demonstrate the ability of TAPs to induce strain-selective killing by introducing lethal double strand breaks (DSBs) into the targeted genomes. TAPs directed against a plasmid-born carbapenem resistance gene efficiently resensitise the strain to the drug. This work represents an essential step towards the development of an alternative to antibiotic treatments, which could be used for in situ microbiota modification to eradicate targeted resistant and/or pathogenic bacteria without affecting other non-targeted bacterial species.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Vernonia anthelmentica (Kattu Seeragam) on Bovine Mastitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhiya G ◽  
Ahmed Fauzia
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Quality Of Milk

Bovine mastitis is the common disease of mammary glands of dairy cows, caused by pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococccus faecium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus etc. The disease severely impacts the quality of milk and associated milk products. Three different bacterial species Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Klebsiella were isolated, identified and later treated with the seed extract of Vernonia anthelmentica. Well diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial effect of ethanol seed extract of Vernonia anthelmentica. Results showed that Vernonia anthelmentica was most effective against Staphylococcus compared to other two bacterial species. Phytochemical analysis of Vernonia anthelmentica revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids etc. Present study suggests that seeds of Vernonia anthelmentica can be an effective antibacterial against bovine mastitis, which might be due to thepresence of tannins, and terpenoids in the extract.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Some Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu P. Marasini ◽  
Pankaj Baral ◽  
Pratibha Aryal ◽  
Kashi R. Ghimire ◽  
Sanjiv Neupane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

The worldwide increase of multidrug resistance in both community- and health-care associated bacterial infections has impaired the current antimicrobial therapy, warranting the search for other alternatives. We aimed to find thein vitroantibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of 16 different traditionally used medicinal plants of Nepal against 13 clinical and 2 reference bacterial species using microbroth dilution method. The evaluated plants species were found to exert a range ofin vitrogrowth inhibitory action against the tested bacterial species, andCynodon dactylonwas found to exhibit moderate inhibitory action against 13 bacterial species including methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus, imipenem-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa, multidrug-resistantSalmonella typhi, andS. typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of tested ethanolic extracts were found from 31 to >25,000 μg/mL. Notably, ethanolic extracts ofCinnamomum camphora, Curculigo orchioides, andCurcuma longaexhibited the highest antibacterial activity againstS. pyogeneswith a MIC of 49, 49, and 195 μg/mL, respectively; whereas chloroform fraction ofCynodon dactylonexhibited best antibacterial activity againstS. aureuswith a MIC of 31 μg/mL. Among all,C. dactylon, C. camphora, C. orchioides, andC. longaplant extracts displayed a potential antibacterial activity of MIC < 100 μg/mL.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METAL NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM HIBISCUS ROSA SINESIS AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY ESTIMATION AGAINST NINE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Shruti Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Objective: This study demonstates  a simple, cost effective protocol  for biosynthesis of stable silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles from Hibiscus Rosa sinesis and their comparison by applying antibacterial activities against nine pathogenic bacterial species.Methods: Silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles were biosynthesized from Hibiscus Rosa sinesis were characterized by UV–VIS spectroscopy, FTIR and TEM. The antibacterial activities  of AgNPs  and AuNPs were evaluated against  9 pathogenic bacterial species  Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus subtilis Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter aerogens, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Aeromonas hydrophila by the agar disc diffusion method.Results: Synthesized AgNPs  were obtained in 13.01 to 28.14 nm size range, while AuNPs were in  6.32 to 18.19 nm size range. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra indicates  that the AuNPs are bound to amine groups and the AgNPs to carboxylate ion groups. The antibacterial activities  of AgNPs,  the zone of inhibition significantly increased with the  increases of concentrations of AgNPs in all pathogenic bacterial species  except  in the case of S. epidermidis at 50%, S. aerogenes and A. hydrophila at 70%, while in case of AuNPs antibacterial activity  was displayed  only against B. subtilis at 20% and 100% concentration.Conclusion: This study suggests that AgNPs exhibits outstanding antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria as compared to AuNPs synthesized from Hibiscus Rosa sinensis leaf extract and insights to their potential applicability as an alternative antibacterial  agent in microbial and human health system to reduce the resistance ability of pathogenic bacteria. Keywords: silver nanoparticles; gold  nanoparticles; UV–VIS spectroscopy; FTIR; TEM; antibacterial activities.  

scholarly journals Combined activity of Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscose leaves extract on some selected pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. I Isah ◽  
A.I. Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials

The study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial activity both individually and in combination of two Nigerian plants (Azadirachta indica and Dodonea viscosa) against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Five bacterial species namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected for the assays. The powdered plant materials of the two plants were extracted using sohxlet extraction technique with methanol water and petroleum ether as solvents. The crude extracts of the two plants were subjected to phytochemical screening for qualitative detection of plant secondary metabolites. The extracts were further tested for antibacterial activity against the selected pathogens singly and then combined using agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of the two plants singly indicates that the methanolic extract possess the highest antibacterial activity at a concentration of 50mg/ml with an inhibition zone of 23.3±0.5mm compared to aqueous extract with 21.7±0.5mm inhibition zone at a concentration of 50mg/ml. The least activity was observed with the petroleum ether extract with an inhibition zone of 7.3±0.5mm at a concentration of 12.5mg/ml. Combination of the plants extracts exhibited lower antibacterial activity on the test isolates compared to single plants as evidenced by the production of lower inhibition zones. Key words: Azadirachta indica, Dodonea viscosa, pathogens, antimicrobial activity, synergistic effect

scholarly journals Efektivitas penggunaan rumpon sebagai daerah penangkapan ikan di Perairan Pusong Kota Lhokseumawe

DEPIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Makwiyah A. Chaliluddin ◽  
Ratna M. Aprilla ◽  
Junaidi M. Affan ◽  
Abdullah A. Muhammadar ◽  
Heri Rahmadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purse Seine ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Skipjack Tuna ◽  
Tuna Fish ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Direct Sampling ◽  
Euthynnus Affinis ◽  
Fish Aggregating Devices

The existence of fish aggregating devices (FADs) in a waters is able to establish a new fishing ground that potential waters. FADs are able to attract the attention of the gathering of fishes and other aquayic organisms around it, increasing the density of fish around FADs can increase the chances of successful catching operation, and therefore the FADs has benefited significantly to increase the capture fishery production significantly. The purposes of the research were to evaluate the catching composition of purse seine production  using FADs and non FADs, and to examine the fectiveness of FADs. This research was conducted on February 1 - 28, 2018 located at Pusong Waters, Lhokseumawe City. The survey  method was used in this study. The direct sampling by following the fisherman in fishing activities was performed both the purse seine with FADs and no FADs. Total purse seine catches during the research were 4,320 kg consisting of Long Jawed Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) 1,280 kg (29.63%), Decapterus Fish ( Decapterus sp.) 350 kg (8,107%), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) 845 kg (19.56 %), tuna fish (Euthynnus affinis) 720 kg (16.67%), Torpedo scad (Megalaspis cordyla) 300 kg (6.94%), Queenfish 140 kg (3.24%), and starry triggerfish (Abalistes stellaris) 685 kg (15.86%). It was concluded that the purse seine used FADs is more effective  compared to the a purse seine that does not use FADs.Keberadaan rumpon di suatu perairan mampu menarik perhatian berkumpulnya ikan dan organisme lain disekitarnya, sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil tangkapan ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi hasil tangkapan purse seine yang menggunakan rumpon dan purse seine yang tidak menggunakan rumpon, dan menilai efektivitas rumpon dalam mengumpulkan ikan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada 01 - 28 Februari 2018 bertempat di Perairan Pusong, Kota Lhokseumawe. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei, yaitu dengan mengikuti nelayan dalam kegiatan penangkapan ikan, baik nelayan purse seine yang menggunakan rumpon dan nelayan purse seine yang tidak menggunakan rumpon. Data ikan hasil tangkapan yang diperoleh dihitung jumlah ikan hasil tangkapan dan diidentifikasi spesies ikan dan selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan hasil tangkapan nelayan yang menggunakan rumpon dan ikan hasil tangkapan nelayan yang tidak menggunakan rumpon. Total hasil tangkapan purse seine selama penelitian sebanyak 4.320 kg terdiri dari kembung (Rastrelliger sp.) 1.280 kg (29,63%), layang (Decapterus sp.) 350 kg (8,107%), cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) 845 kg (19,56%), tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) 720 kg (16,67 %), tegang ekor/tetengkek (Megalaspis cordyla) 300 kg (6,94 %), talang/daun bamboo (Scomberoides lysan) 140 kg (3,24%), dan ayam-ayam (Abalistes stellaris) 685 kg (15,86 %).  Dari kedua jenis kegiatan penangkapan ikan tersebut, maka purse seine menggunakan rumpon lebih efektif dibandingkan purse seine yang tidak menggunakan rumpon sebagai daerah penangkapan ikan.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TOKAR SHA AGAINST ENTERIC BACTERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 436-444
Author(s):  
Sabiu Shitu ◽  
M. Attahiru ◽  
F. A. Iliya
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteric Infections

The antibacterial activity of Tokar sha; a local traditional medication widely used by many people in North-west zone of Nigeria especially Sokoto, Kebbi and Zamfara against enteric infections were examined against some clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi) using agar well diffusion method. The pattern of inhibition varied with the tokar sha concentrations and the organisms tested. The tokar sha was more effective on E. coli with a maximum zone of growth inhibition of 25mm at 35mg/ml followed by B. cereus (20mm). However, S. aureus and S. typhi were resistant to tokar sha at all concentrations tested. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were found to be 35mg/ml for both E. coli and B. cereus. The antibacterial activities exhibited by tokar sha in this study could be attributed to the presence of its constituents which signifies the potential of the tokar sha as a therapeutic agent. These findings may justify the ethnomedicinal use of tokar sha as an antibacterial agent against enterobacteria

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of Ocimum sanctum L. against certain bacterial species and phytochemical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
Aparajita Gupta ◽  
Mandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Minimum Value

In the present study antibacterial efficacy of  aqueous and methanol extract obtained from leaves and stem of Ocimum sanctum L. was evaluated against certain test bacterial species viz. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. It is a traditional medicinal herb, commonly used for the treatment of various human health disorders.  The antibacterial activity was determined by using agar well diffusion method. Among the solvent extracts tested, aqueous extract of leaves exhibited higher antibacterial activity as compared to methanolic extract of leaves. Maximum antibacterial activity was recorded 17.6 mm against Bacillus cereus and minimum value was recorded 14 mm against S. aureus. Maximum antibacterial efficacy of O. sanctum leaves was found 7.3mm against P. aeruginosa and minimum value was 5mm against B. cereus in methanolic extract. Similar trend has been observed in extract of stem of O. sanctum in aqueous and methanolic solvent. The antibacterial efficacy has been found nil in methanolic extract. However in aqueous extract moderate activity has been recorded i.e. 9.3 mm against E.coli and minimum 7.3 mm against K. pneumoniae. The trend of phytochemicals revealed non significant variation. Phytochemical analysis of leaves and stem extracts of O. sanctum revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tanins, glycosides.

In-vitro evaluation of cisplatin nanoparticles encompass natural polymer

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bhavani J ◽  
Sunil Kumar Prajapati ◽  
Ravichandran S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Synthetic Drugs

Opportunistic bacterial infections are common in the various parts of human body. In recent years bacterial species have shown resistance against a number of synthetic drugs. This study measured the antibacterial activity of bacterial strains against five common pathogenic bacteria related strains. Cup plate method and two fold serial dilution method were used to evaluated by antibacterial activity by the help of different bacterial related strains. The results revealed that Cisplatin (CIP) using natural as a polymer showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 250 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml of the broth against all bacterial strains. CIP using natural as a polymer was prepared different doses1000 μg/ml and 2000 μg/ ml and measured zone of inhibition dose dementedly reduced when compared to standard. The CIP using natural as a polymer exhibited strong anti-bacterial activity against five different species of bacteria and this may be attributed to various active components. Our research work has been indicated Nanoparticles containing CIP using natural as a polymer formulated for the enhanced anti-cancer activity through antimicrobial mechanism. 

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of Cassia auriculata Linn

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devados Kumarasamy Raja ◽  
Nattanmai Sundararaman Jeganathan ◽  
Rajappan Manavalan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Cassia Auriculata

This study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of aerial parts of chloroform extract of Cassia auriculata L. The chloroform extract of C. auriculata were shown to possess an antimicrobial activity against two gram positive and two gram negative human pathogenic bacteria and fungi, viz. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and fungus cultures Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by using disc diffusion method. The extract showed antibacterial activity at all concentrations selected, but only the extract with the concentration of 300µg/ml showed maximum antibacterial activity against all the organisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa which are comparable with the standard control, amikacin. The anti fungal activity of chloroform extract of C. auriculata revealed significant effect against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger with the net inhibition zone of 14 and 14 mm, respectively at 300µg/ml concentration, which is almost comparable with standard control, ketokonazole used as an antifungal agent. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, fixed oils, fats, tannins, gum & mucilage, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, lignin and sterols. It is concluded that the antimicrobial activity showed by the plant was due to the presence of these phytochemicals. Further studies are highly needed for future drug development.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i6.14869 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, May 2013, 2(6): 105-108

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