scholarly journals Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of Ocimum sanctum L. against certain bacterial species and phytochemical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
Aparajita Gupta ◽  
Mandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Minimum Value

In the present study antibacterial efficacy of  aqueous and methanol extract obtained from leaves and stem of Ocimum sanctum L. was evaluated against certain test bacterial species viz. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. It is a traditional medicinal herb, commonly used for the treatment of various human health disorders.  The antibacterial activity was determined by using agar well diffusion method. Among the solvent extracts tested, aqueous extract of leaves exhibited higher antibacterial activity as compared to methanolic extract of leaves. Maximum antibacterial activity was recorded 17.6 mm against Bacillus cereus and minimum value was recorded 14 mm against S. aureus. Maximum antibacterial efficacy of O. sanctum leaves was found 7.3mm against P. aeruginosa and minimum value was 5mm against B. cereus in methanolic extract. Similar trend has been observed in extract of stem of O. sanctum in aqueous and methanolic solvent. The antibacterial efficacy has been found nil in methanolic extract. However in aqueous extract moderate activity has been recorded i.e. 9.3 mm against E.coli and minimum 7.3 mm against K. pneumoniae. The trend of phytochemicals revealed non significant variation. Phytochemical analysis of leaves and stem extracts of O. sanctum revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tanins, glycosides.

Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity Screening of StemExtracts of Tinospora cordifolia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (29) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Pooja Bhat Niki Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Qualitative Estimation

Abstract-Tinosporacordifoliaisapopularmedicinal plant which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases. The common names are Amrita and Guduchi, belonging to the family of Menispermaceae. The aim of the study was to study the stem extract of traditional medicinal plant, T. cordifolia for qualitative estimation of phytoconsituents and subsequently to determine its antibacterialactivityagainsttwotestmicroorganisms Escherichia coliand Pseudomonas aeruginosato authenticate its use in traditional medicines. Stems were air-dried and coarsely powdered samples were subjectedto Soxhlet extractionusingdiversesolvents(Hexane,chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol and water). Freshly prepared extracts were exposed to standard phytochemical analysis for qualitative estimation of phytoconsituents. The antibacterial activity of the stem extract of T. cordifolia was determined by agar well diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several phytochemicals viz., alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, phenol, tannins, steroid, terpenoids, saponins and sugars. The methanolic extract displayed the presence of highest number of phytochemical compounds. It may be due to the higher solubility of active components in this solvent as compared to other solvents. The results revealed that the methanolic extract exhibit the effective antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial species . The studies justify the use of T. cordifolia in traditional medicines. The investigation further proposed that the metabolites present in leaf tissue of T. cordifolia can be potential source of novel natural antibacterial and antioxidant agents and can be prospective applications in food industry as an antioxidant

scholarly journals Biological and chemical assessment of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (mart.) Solms.) of Phewa Lake, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Baral ◽  
Geeta Shrestha Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Weed

Experiments relating to bioassay, phytochemical screening and bio-control of obnoxious aquatic weed i.e., water hyacinth were conducted in Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) laboratory. Bioassay was performed from the methanolic and aqueous extracts obtained by hot and cold percolation method that. The antibacterial and antifungal effects were performed against 11 clinical bacteria (2 gram positive and 9 gram negative) and 7 phytopathogenic fungi using agar well diffusion method. The pattern of inhibition varied with different extracts and the micro-organism tested. The soxhlet methanolic extract showed activity against 54.45% of bacteria and 57.14% fungi while cold methanolic extract showed activity against 45.45 % bacteria and 42.85% fungi employed. Similarly, hot aqueous extract showed activity against 18.18% bacteria and 42.85% fungi while in cold aqueous extraction, the activity was null and 57.14% against bacteria and fungi respectively. The methanolic fraction proved more effective than cold aqueous extract showing more antibacterial activity while cold aqueous extract showed comparably better result in different fungi employed. The most susceptible organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium moniliforme. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of different extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, reducing compounds, polyoses and saponins. The GC-MS analysis shows the presence of Phenols and Carotenoids as the bio-active compounds in the test plant. In regards to bio-control, the propagation of this weed was found to be totally checked within 21 days after the application of aqueous lechate of Lantana camara (1-3%), while that was checked within a month by the supplementation of young twigs powder of Ageratina adenophorum (7%). Key-words: Antimicrobial activity; Plant extract; ZOI; Phytochemicals; Biocontrol; GC-MS. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v9i9.5520 SW 2011; 9(9): 57-62

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Cola nitida seed on selected bacterial isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 001-007
Author(s):  
Dantani Dauda Odonye͙͙͙͙͙ ◽  
Peter Uteh Upla ◽  
Adegbe Lucy Ladi ◽  
Enoch Peter Odonye ◽  
Abisabo Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Cola Nitida

Kola nut (Cola nitida) is chewed in many West African cultures and it is used ceremonially, industrially, medicinally and economically. The aim of this study was to assess the phytochemical properties and antibacterial activity of Cola nitida seeds. The seeds were purchased, dried and then powdered for phytochemical screening and extraction. Ethanol and aqueous (hot water) extracts were used for this study. The antibacterial activity of each extract at 30 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml was tested on four bacterial isolates; Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. The results revealed the presence of various potent phytochemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids and glycosides. The zones of inhibition ranged from 0.0 mm to 28.0 mm for both concentrations of the ethanol extract and from 0.0 mm to 31.0 mm for both concentrations of the aqueous extract. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranged from 7.5 mg/ml to 30.0 mg/ml for the ethanol extract and 3.75 mg/ml to 30.0 mg/ml for the aqueous extract. No minimum bactericidal concentration was recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed on the data showed that there were significant differences in the zones of inhibition for each concentration of the extracts (P<0.05). The purified extract of Cola nitida seeds can be used to treat infections caused by these selected bacterial species.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract from Echinops robustus on typical food-borne pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 849-852
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Typical Food

This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract from Echinops robustus on typical food-borne pathogens. Chemical composition of the extract analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis of the extract revealed 54 compounds in which Butanal (2.222%), 4-Heptanone (1.717%) and Palmitic acid (4.799%) were the major constituents. The agar disk diffusion method was used to study the antibacterial activity of Echinops robustus methanolic extract against 5 bacterial strains. The extract of Echinops robustus showed moderate antibacterial activity against two gram-positive and three gram negative microorganisms tested with higher sensitivity for gram positive ones (Clear zone= 10mm for Bacillus cereus and 12mm for Staphylococcus aureus). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were quantified by micro-dilution method. The MIC was 25 mg/ml for Bacillus cereus and 58 mg/ml for Escherichia coli and the MBC values were 400 and >400 mg/ml respectively for the mentioned species. Overall, results presented here suggest that the methanolic extract of Echinops robustus possesses antibacterial properties, and is, therefore, a potential source of active ingredients for food and pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Phyto-constituents and the Antibacterial Activity of Burkea africana against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
S. Zengeni ◽  
J. Chifamba ◽  
I. Mutingwende ◽  
T. Manyarara
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli

Bacterial skin infections are common in the tropics and the emergence of resistant bacterial strains has complicated treatment outcomes especially in immune compromised patients. This study focused on determining the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant, Burkea Africana, which has been used for decades to treat various ailments in Southern Africa. Phyto-constituent determination and antibacterial assay was carried out on the hydro-ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Burkea Africana. The Agar well diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of both extracts. Activity was measured against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and E. faecalis using ciprofloxacin as the standard. For both extracts, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of steroids, tannins, saponins and carbohydrates. The 70% hydro-ethanolic extract however revealed more phyto-constituents including flavonoids and alkaloids. For both extracts antibacterial activity was comparable to the standard. The highest zone of inhibition recorded for the water extract was 22±0.4 mm at 500 mg/ml for E. coli while the standard, Ciprofloxacin had a zone of inhibition of 25±0.33 mm. The ethanolic extract showed higher antibacterial efficacy when compared to ciprofloxacin against S. aureus. The zone of inhibition for the 70% ethanolic extract was 25.4±0.50 mm and that of the standard was 27±0.48 mm. Antibacterial activity was generally higher in the ethanolic extract than the water extract. It is therefore concluded that B. africana exhibits antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Effect of methanolic extract for (leaves and roots) of Bacopa monniera L. aerial plant parts on the growth of some bacteria and fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Bushra M.Jaber Alwash ◽  
Safaa Al-deen Ahmed Alqysi ◽  
Mushtaq faraj Karomee
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacopa Monniera ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

he project was conducted to study the inhibitory activity of methanolic extract for aerial parts (leaves and roots) of Bacopa monniera L. on some bacterial species represented by: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchie coli, Klebsellia sp. Shigella sp., by using the Agar-well diffusion method for estimating the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) as well as two type of fungi, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, the fungi used to study the antifungal activity of plant extract. The results showed a difference in the effect for the types of bacteria as the value of (MIC) for the types Bacillus cereus, Shigella sp. and Klebsellia sp. Is a (100, 200, 200) while there was no effect of the extract against other bacterial species under study.As for the fungi testing, the extract has a clear effect by measuring the mean of growth diameter for fungi, where the growth diameter of the fungus A. niger 1.03 cm at the concentration 50mg/ml while the diameter became 0.5 cm at the 300 mg/ml concentrate in the first day, and in the seventh day of the experiment, the growth diameter reached 7.03 cm at the 50 mg/ml concentrate but the concentration 300mg/ml were 6.4 cm compared with control, which amounted to 7.6 cm. As for the fungi A. flavus growth diameter (1.1 , 0.46) cm at concentrations (50, 300) mg/ml in the first day of the experiment, in the seventh day the diameter was (4.73,3.9) cm at concentrations (50, 300) mg/ml respectively, while the diameter of growth has been different at the other concentrations and within test days.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF IPOMOEA INDICA PLANT LEAF EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Seenu Yuvarani ◽  
Selvam .
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Leaf

Objective: The objective of this study was to phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of the Ipomoea indica plant leaves extracts.Methods: The crude powder of the plant leaf samples of I. indica was extracted using methanol and aqueous solvents and subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis. The antibacterial activity of the aqueous and methanol extracts was tested at different for concentrations. The extract was tested against bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli.Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycoside, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids and tannins in the solvent extract. The antibacterial activity was performed by using the disc diffusion method, where the largest zone of inhibition was obtained with aqueous extract 75µ concentration against Salmonella typhi (26 mm). The antibacterial activity was compared with the standard antibiotics like Streptomycin.Conclusion: This study suggests that the aqueous extract of the I. indica leaves possesses bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains, which can be used to formulate new antibacterial drugs for disease control.

scholarly journals Effect of Methanolic Extract of Securigera securidaca as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Ghassab M. Al- Mazaideh ◽  
Saleh A. Al- Quran
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Securigera Securidaca

In the present work, the phytochemical screening, polyphenolic content, antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity of Securigera securidaca seeds in methanol were carried out. Phytochemical analysis of seeds showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids and glycosides. Total phenolic content was estimated by Folin Ciocalteau method and the result showed the highest phenolic content of 62.28 mg/g. Methanolic extract was screened for antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method and it found to be potent. The MIC of methanol extract identified by broth dilution method showed a MIC value of 0.25 mg/ml for both E. coli and Kl. Oxytoca, and also 0.5 mg/ml for both S. aureus and S. epidermis. The antioxidant effect of the seeds was tested by DPPH scavenging activity as in vitro assay. The extract had potent inhibitory activity (IC50) value of 0.057 mg/ml. The finding experimental results showed that methanolic extract of Securigera securidaca is important as a source of antibacterial activity and polyphenolic antioxidants.

In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Shorea robusta Gaertn. F. Resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sushma Vashisht ◽  
Manish Pal Singh ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Resin Extract

The methanolic extract of the resin of Shorea robusta was subjected to investigate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties its utility in free radical mediated diseases including diabetic, cardiovascular, cancer etc. The methanol extract of the resin was tested for antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical method, reducing power by FeCl3 and antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. The phytochemical screening considered the presence of triterpenoids, tannins and flavoniods. Overall, the plant extract is a source of natural antioxidants which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases including aging. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of resin extract of Shorea robusta and ascorbic acid were 35.60 µg/ml and 31.91 µg/ml respectively. The resin extract exhibit a significant dose dependent inhibition of DPPH activity. Antibacterial activity was observed against gram positive and gram negative bacteria in dose dependent manner.Key Words: Shorea robusta, antioxidant, antibacterial, Disc-diffusion, DPPH.

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