scholarly journals Metabolomics - Useful Tool for Study of Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Kráľová ◽  
Josef Jampílek ◽  
Ivan Ostrovský
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Metabolomic Approach ◽  
Biological Organisms

Metabolomics - Useful Tool for Study of Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses Abiotic stresses are produced by inappropriate levels of physical components of the environment and cause plant injury through unique mechanisms that result in specific responses. Metabolomics is a relatively new approach aimed at improved understanding of metabolic networks and the subsequent biochemical composition of plants and other biological organisms. The paper is focused on the use of metabolomics, metabolic profiling and metabolic fingerprinting to study plant responses to some environmental stresses (eg elevated temperature, chilling and freezing, drought, high salinity, UV radiation, high ozone levels, nutrient deficiency, oxidative stress, herbicides and heavy metals). Attention is also devoted to the effects of some environmental factors on plants such as high or low levels of CO2 or different levels of irradiance. Alterations of plants metabolites due to multiple abiotic stresses (drought-heat, drought-salinity, elevated CO2-salinity) are analysed as well. In addition, metabolomic approach to study plant responses to some artificial abiotic stresses, mechanical stress or pulsed electric field-induced stress is discussed. The most important analytical methods applied in metabolomics are presented and perspectives of metabolomics exploitation in the future are outlined, too.

scholarly journals Comparing and Contrasting the Multiple Roles of Butenolide Plant Growth Regulators: Strigolactones and Karrikins in Plant Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yang ◽  
Yuke Lian ◽  
Chongying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Matter

Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) are both butenolide molecules that play essential roles in plant growth and development. SLs are phytohormones, with SLs having known functions within the plant they are produced in, while KARs are found in smoke emitted from burning plant matter and affect seeds and seedlings in areas of wildfire. It has been suggested that SL and KAR signaling may share similar mechanisms. The α/β hydrolases DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2), which act as receptors of SL and KAR, respectively, both interact with the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) in order to target SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-LIKE/D53 family members for degradation via the 26S proteasome. Recent reports suggest that SLs and/or KARs are also involved in regulating plant responses and adaptation to various abiotic stresses, particularly nutrient deficiency, drought, salinity, and chilling. There is also crosstalk with other hormone signaling pathways, including auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CK), and ethylene (ET), under normal and abiotic stress conditions. This review briefly covers the biosynthetic and signaling pathways of SLs and KARs, compares their functions in plant growth and development, and reviews the effects of any crosstalk between SLs or KARs and other plant hormones at various stages of plant development. We also focus on the distinct responses, adaptations, and regulatory mechanisms related to SLs and/or KARs in response to various abiotic stresses. The review closes with discussion on ways to gain additional insights into the SL and KAR pathways and the crosstalk between these related phytohormones.

scholarly journals Metabolomics-Guided Elucidation of Plant Abiotic Stress Responses in the 4IR Era: An Overview

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Morena M. Tinte ◽  
Kekeletso H. Chele ◽  
Justin J. J. van der Hooft ◽  
Fidele Tugizimana
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Computational Tools

Plants are constantly challenged by changing environmental conditions that include abiotic stresses. These are limiting their development and productivity and are subsequently threatening our food security, especially when considering the pressure of the increasing global population. Thus, there is an urgent need for the next generation of crops with high productivity and resilience to climate change. The dawn of a new era characterized by the emergence of fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies has redefined the ideological boundaries of research and applications in plant sciences. Recent technological advances and machine learning (ML)-based computational tools and omics data analysis approaches are allowing scientists to derive comprehensive metabolic descriptions and models for the target plant species under specific conditions. Such accurate metabolic descriptions are imperatively essential for devising a roadmap for the next generation of crops that are resilient to environmental deterioration. By synthesizing the recent literature and collating data on metabolomics studies on plant responses to abiotic stresses, in the context of the 4IR era, we point out the opportunities and challenges offered by omics science, analytical intelligence, computational tools and big data analytics. Specifically, we highlight technological advancements in (plant) metabolomics workflows and the use of machine learning and computational tools to decipher the dynamics in the chemical space that define plant responses to abiotic stress conditions.

scholarly journals Plant Metabolomics: A Characterisation of Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses

10.5772/23844 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Genga ◽  
Monica Mattana ◽  
Immacolata Coraggio ◽  
Franca Locatelli ◽  
Pietro Piffanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Metabolomics

scholarly journals The use of metabolomics to dissect plant responses to abiotic stresses

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (19) ◽  
pp. 3225-3243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Obata ◽  
Alisdair R. Fernie
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Responses

A chemical–mineralogical classification of common plutonic rocks and associations

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Debon ◽  
P. Le Fort
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Plutonic Rocks ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Criteria ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACTA classification is proposed, based mainly on major element analytical data plotted in a coherent set of three simple chemical-mineralogical diagrams. The procedure follows two complementary steps at two different levels. The first is concerned with the individual sample: the sample is given a name (e.g. granite, adamellite, granodiorite) and its chemical and mineralogical characteristics are determined. The second one is more important: it aims at defining the type of magmatic association (or series) to which the studied sample or group of samples belongs. Three main types of association are distinguished: cafemic (from source-material mainly or completely mantle-derived), aluminous (mainly or completely derived by anatexis of continental crust), and alumino-cafemic (intermediate between the other two types). Subtypes are then distinguished among the cafemic and alumino-cafemic associations: calc-alkaline (or granodioritic), subalkaline (or monzonitic), alkaline (and peralkaline), tholeiitic (or gabbroic-trondhjemitic), etc. In the same way, numerous subtypes and variants are also distinguished among the aluminous associations using a set of complementary criteria such as quartz content, colour index, alkali ratio, quartz–alkalies relationships and alumina index.Although involving a new approach using partly new criteria, this classification is consistent with most of the divisions used in previous typologies. The method may also be used in the classification of the volcanic equivalents of common plutonic rocks.

scholarly journals Graph Algorithms for Word Sense Disambiguation in Biomedicine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Goulart ◽  
Juliano De Carvalho ◽  
Vera De Lima
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Graph Algorithms ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Word Sense Disambiguation ◽  
The State ◽  
Word Sense ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Similar Performance ◽  
Sense Disambiguation ◽  
Different Levels

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is an important task for Biomedicine text-mining. Supervised WSD methods have the best results but they are complex and their cost for testing is too high. This work presents an experiment on WSD using graph-based approaches (unsupervised methods). Three algorithms were tested and compared to the state of the art. Results indicate that similar performance could be reached with different levels of complexity, what may point to a new approach to this problem.

Monovalent cation/proton antiporters (CPAs) in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis): genome-wide identification, molecular evolutionary and functional description

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wu ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Huanlong Liu ◽  
Yameng Gao ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Monovalent Cation ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
Ppi Prediction

Abstract Background: Plant monovalent cation/proton enantiomer (CPA) family is a type of transmembrane transporters that plays an important role in resistance to plant abiotic stresses such as salt, drought and osmotic stress. Results: In this study, 32 CPA family members were firstly identified from moso bamboo, and divided into two subfamilies, including 8 in CPA1 and 24 in CPA2. Members of the same group shared similar structures and subcellular localization predictions. Gene duplication analysis found that the expansion of the CPA genes in moso bamboo may depend on whole genome duplication (WGD) event approximately 11.18 million years ago (MYA). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that PheCPA proteins are ion transporter localized on the membrane, and the post-translational modifications (PTMs) prediction indicated there are many PTMs sites may be involved in regulating CPA protein functions. Promoter analysis revealed various cis-acting elements related to abiotic and biotic stresses, plant growth and development and phytohormone responses. The significant change of expression levels of eight PheNHXs, which belong to CPA1, under the treatment of ABA, NaCl and PEG, suggesting that they may have played an important role in moso bamboo response to these abiotic stresses. Additionally, PPI prediction reveals potential interaction proteins of PheNHX subfamily members. Conclusions: The results suggested that the CPA family may plays an important role in plant responses to stress conditions. The comprehensive identification and analysis of PheCPAs indicated that PheCPAs, particularly those genes encoding PheNHXs, might serve as valuable genetic resources for the improvement of moso bamboo growth and resistance to abiotic stress.

Solar Energy in Agro-Ecologic Micrometeorology Measurements

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Ildus Saetgalievich Nurgaliev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Material Point ◽  
Diffusion Reaction ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Number Of Components ◽  
Advection Diffusion ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Different Levels

New approach to the measurements in agro-ecologic micrometeorology is suggested on the bases of renewable solar panels for energy supply to instruments at the remote sites and new turbulent model of the flow of the gases. Analytical dynamic model of the turbulent multi-component flow in the three-layer boundary system is presented. Turbulence is simulated by the non-zero vorticity, but not only. Other mathematical aspects of the turbulence are an introducing new model of the material point and considering a torsion of their trajectories. The generalized advection-diffusion-reaction equation is derived for an arbitrary number of components in the flow. The flows in the layers are objects for matching requirements on the boundaries between the layers. Different types of transport mechanisms are dominant on the different levels of the layers and space scales. The same models of mass and energy transfer are instrumental in simulation rural electrification concepts in general on the bases renewable sources.

scholarly journals Variation in Human Disturbance Differentially Affects Predation Risk Assessment in Western Gulls

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolaas V. Webb ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Larus Occidentalis ◽  
Predation Risk Assessment ◽  
Santa Monica ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
A Site ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Flight Initiation

Abstract Many studies have demonstrated that birds behave differently in areas with different levels of human disturbance. Studies frequently characterize sites as having an overall level of human disturbance, and compare how birds respond at sites with high and low levels of disturbance. Doing so assumes that disturbance has a fairly constant effect on animals throughout a site. We measured the distance at which individual Western Gulls (Larus occidentalis) moved away from an approaching observer along a stretch of beach on both sides of the Santa Monica Pier, a heavily visited tourist attraction in southern California. We found that these flight initiation distances decreased in areas where more people visited the beach, and specifically in a small area near the pier. We found that flight initiation distance changed very rapidly within a short distance from the pier. Our results indicate that anthropogenic features may leave a “behavioral footprint.” Identifying the scale of such behavioral footprints should be an important goal of studies that seek to reduce anthropogenic impacts on birds. La Variación del Disturbio Humano Afecta Diferencialmente la Percepción del Riesgo de Depredación en Gaviotas Larus occidentalis Resumen. Muchos estudios han demostrado que las aves se comportan de modo diferente en áreas con distintos niveles de disturbio humano. Los estudios frecuentemente caracterizan sitios con base en su nivel general de disturbio y comparan las respuestas de las aves entre lugares con niveles altos y bajos de disturbio. Al hacer esto, se supone que el disturbio tiene un efecto aproximadamente constante sobre los animales a través de un sitio dado. En este estudio medimos la distancia a la cual gaviotas de la especie Larus occidentalis se desplazaron alejándose de un observador a lo largo de un tramo de playa en ambos lados del embarcadero de Santa Monica, una atracción turística muy visitada ubicada en el sur de California. Encontramos que las distancias al observador a las que las aves iniciaron el vuelo disminuyeron en áreas donde más personas visitaron la playa, y específicamente en un área cercana al embarcadero. Las distancias a las que las gaviotas iniciaron el vuelo cambiaron muy rá pidamente en una distancia muy corta desde el puerto, hasta alcanzar una distancia constante. Nuestros resultados indican que las estructuras antropogénicas podrian dejar una “huella comportamental”. Identificar la escala de dichas huellas debería ser un objetivo importante de estudios que tengan como fin reducir el impacto antrópico sobre las aves.

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