scholarly journals PRELIMINARY STUDIES OF SYNTHESIS POLYURETHANE MEMBRANE OF NYAMPLUNG SEED OIL (Calophyllum inophyllum) WITH HEXAMETHILENE-1,6-DIISOCYANATE (HMDI)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Mutia Farida ◽  
Mustanir Yahya ◽  
Marlina Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽  
Brown Colour ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Polyurethane Membrane

Nyamplung oil originated from Ujong Pancu, Aceh Besar is one of the vegetable oil sources which is not fully utilized yet. The extraction of nyamplung oil is done using soxhletation with n-hexane solvent; during this process, the oils produced is at the 55.55% levels. The product is in the form of yellowish green liquid with the density of 0.88gr/ml. The nyamplung oil extract has the iodine number of iod 83.53 mg iod/g and hydroxyl number of  64.292 mg KOH/gram which can be utilized as the raw material in making polyurethane membrane. Polyurethane membrane is synthesized by reacting fatty acids from nyamplung seed oil with hexamethylene-1.6-diisocyanate (HDMI). The ration of the oil towards HDMI is variated as, 5:1;5:3;5:5;5:7;5:9 v/w. The membrane has a composition of  5:7 v/w  with 90-100 oC polymerization temperatures and  160oC curring temperature for 8 hours is hard, homogenous and quite elastic with a transparent brown colour. 

scholarly journals MEMBRAN POLIURETAN DARI MINYAK BIJI KARET (RUBBER SEED OIL) DENGAN HEKSAMETILEN-1,6-DIISOSIANAT: SINTESIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Salfauqi Nurman ◽  
Marlina Marlina ◽  
Saiful Saiful
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Polyurethane Membrane

Polyurethane membrane made from Rubber Seed Oil has been produced within this research. Rubber seed oil has the hydroxyl number of  40,33 mg/g  and the iodine number of  154,05 g/g which can be used as resource clusters; -OH, in order to make polyurethane. Rubber seed oil can react with hexamethylene-1.6-diisocyanate (HDMI) as another resource cluster, which is -NCO. The production of polyurethane membrane is done by variating the composition of rubber seed oil and HDMI, with the variations of 5:1; 5:3; 5:4; 5:5 dan 5:7 (v/w) and the polymrization temperature of 90-100°C and the curring temperature of  165-170°C. The optimal polyurethane membrane is produced on the composition of 5:4 v/w  which is homogenous, dry, quite elastic and is yellowish brown in colour. The IR results showed that there were urethan bonds formed (N-H on  ν = 3300-3400 cm-1) and the TGA results from polyurethane membrane showed that there were two decompositions on 394,5oC dan 458,6oC.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Palado Seed Oil (Aglaia sp) Extracted Using Chloroform Solvent

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul RAHMAN ◽  
Salengke Salengke ◽  
Abu Bakar TAWALI ◽  
Meta MAHENDRADATTA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Ingredients

Palado (Aglaia sp) is a plant that grows wild in the forest around Mamuju regency of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. This plant is locally known as palado. Palado seeds (Aglaia sp) can be used as a source of vegetable oil because it contains approximately 14.75 % oil, and it has the potential to be used as food ingredients or as raw material for oil production. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical properties and the composition of fatty acids contained in palado seed oil (Aglaia sp). The employed method involved the use of palado fruit that had been processed to be palado seed and undergoing flouring process. Palado flour was produced by the extraction process by using chloroform solvent with the soxhlet method. The characteristics of the chemical properties in the oil produced were analyzed by using a standard method, including iodine, saponification, and acid values. The analysis of fatty acid composition was conducted by using gas chromatography. The results showed that palado oil extracted with hexane had an iodine value of 15.38 mg/g, saponification value of 190.01 mg KOH/g, and acids value of 1.961 mg KOH/g. The fatty acid composition of the palado seed oil consisted of saturated fatty acids (41.601 %), which included palmitic acid (41.062 %), myristic acid (0.539 %), and unsaturated fatty acids (45.949 %), which included mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as (22.929 %), oleic acid and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which was linoleic acid (23.020 %).

scholarly journals Assessment of Biodiesel Fuel Potentials of Seed Crude Oil Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaaca (L.) Del

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1467-1473
Author(s):  
M.S. Chomini ◽  
A.J. Daspan ◽  
C. Kambai ◽  
A.E. Chomini ◽  
E.A. Bassey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Oil Extract

Study on assessmentof biodiesel fuel potentials of seed crude oil extracts of Balanites aegyptiaaca (L.) Del was carriedout. Standard methods of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were adopted to evaluate the proximate, physico-chemical properties and fatty acid  compositions of crude seed oil extracts of the test plant. The proximate constituents of the crude seed oil extract gave crude protein (22.09%), crude fat (56.75%), moisturecontent (1.35%), ash (4.70%), crudefiber (12.75%) and carbohydrate (2.36%). The crude oil physicochemical properties included saponification value(216.439mgKOH/g), peroxide value(4.84meq/kg), acid value(2.18mgKOH/g), iodine value(77.08g/100g), viscosity  value(150.3@30°C) and cetane number(54.08), refractive index(1.487 @30°C), relative density (0.949g/cm3) while calorific value was 39.03(MJ/kg). The fatty acids composition of crude kernel oil extract of B. aegyptiaca indicated the presence of four (4) fatty acids, with relative percentage abundance (RPA) in the order of 67.17% (9,12-Octadecanoic acid (C19 H3402)) > 16.22% (Pentadecanoic acid (C17H3402)) > 11.8kg% (Heptacosanoic acid (C28H5602)) > 4.72% (Oleic acid(C18H3402)). These properties conferred relative prospects on the crude oil of the test plant as a suitable  potential biodiesel substrate and consequently, large scale aforestation efforts be renewed, to guarantee ready availability of the raw materials. Keywords: Balanites aegyptiaca, Biodiesel, proximate, physicochemical, crude seed oil extracts

scholarly journals Extraction, Charaterization and Preparation of Soap from Legenaria siceraria Seed Oil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Williams Nashuka Kaigama ◽  
Abu Emmanuel Benjamin ◽  
Ibrahim Usman ◽  
Thankgod Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Foam Height ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Physico Chemical

Due to the high demand for vegetable oil by soap industries, the quest for alternative raw material is on the increase. In this study, vegetable oil was extracted from the underutilise seeds of Lagenaria siceraria using n-hexane; The Physico-chemical properties of the oil were analysed: iodine value 65 Ig/100 g, acid value 2.50 mg/KOH/g, saponification value 256 mgKOH/g, pH 6.20, specific gravity 0.902, the refractive index of 1.47 and oil yield 52%. The properties of the oil were compared with oil extracted from other sources. The properties of the oil suggest it can use for both commercial and industrial purposes. The extracted oil was then used to prepared soap and its properties were compared with the properties of soaps prepared from other oils. The physicochemical parameters of the prepared soaps which include foam height, hardness, pH and cleansing power were evaluated. The soap made from Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil has foam height of 2.0 cm lower than palm kernel oil (2.1 cm) and higher than soya beans (0.55 cm). Soap made from Lagenaria siceraria seed oil has an appreciable degree of hardness and good cleansing power compared to soaps prepared from other oils. The pH of all the soaps prepared is within the standard of the regulating agency in Nigeria. From the result obtained, it shows the underutilised Lagenaria siceraria seed oil can use as an alternative raw material in the commercial production of soap.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical and Fatty Acids Composition of Crude Seed Oil Extract of Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. for its potential in Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
M.S Chomini ◽  
V.I Joshua ◽  
A.R John ◽  
M.P Ishaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Oil Extract

This study investigates the physico-chemical and fatty acids composition of crude seed oil extracts of Azadirachta indica . The main objective was to evaluate some biodiesel characteristics of the crude seed oil extract of Azadirachta indica. The procedures of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were used for assessment of some physical, biochemical, and fatty acids constituents of the test seed oil extract. The physical properties assayed for indicate that the oil is liquid at room temperature, non-drying, with specific gravity, with flash and melting points of 0.910±0.08 g/cm3, 80±2.10°C and 76±1.60°C respectively. The chemical properties included 66.77±2.55 g/100g (iodine value), 1.465±0.07 (refractive index@ 30°C), 212.96±1.16 mgKOH/g (saponification value), 0.39±0.16 meq/Kg (peroxide value), 4.24±0.12 mgKOH/g (acid value), 2.20±0.12 mm2/s (viscosity value), 56.91±2.19 (cetane number), 39.21±1.11 MJ/kg (calorific value) and 2.13±0.05% w/w (free fatty acids). Fatty acids composition of the crude seed oil of A. indica obtained were linoleic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic and alpha linolenic acids, with retention time and % composition of 18.2 min and 10.8±0.50%, 22.2 min and 30.01±1.79%, 18.2 min and 59.10±2.22%, and 20.2 min and 0.09±0.02% respectively. The crude seed oil extract clearly presents a potential as a biodiesel substrate for incorporation as a proximate blend in auto-engines. This therefore would necessitate intensive afforestation efforts of the plant species for sustainable utilization. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Biodiesel, physico-chemical, fatty acids, crude seed oil, extracts

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Parameters of Emulsifiers and Their Effect on the Process of Food Emulsion Formation

2022 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-929
Author(s):  
Lyubov Tereshchuk ◽  
Konstantin Zagorodnikov ◽  
Kseniya Starovoitova ◽  
Pavel Viushinskij
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Food Emulsions ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Introduction. Modern food science needs new research of food emulsifiers, their composition, properties and effect on the structural characteristics of emulsions. It looks for modern technological solutions on how to select proper emulsifiers and their mixes to produce emulsions with different mass fractions of fat. The research objective was to study the effect of physical and chemical indicators of surfactants on the properties of food emulsions, as well as to develop practical recommendations for the selection of surfactants for various types of products. Study objects and methods. The research featured model dairy fat emulsions and laboratory-made vegetable oil, as well as hard and soft mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids and lecithins. The emulsifiers were used to determine the melting point, fatty acid composition, iodine number, and solid triglyceride content at various temperatures. The melting point of emulsifiers was determined by fixing the melting temperature in a capillary oven. To identify the fatty acid composition, the methyl esters of fatty acids were subjected to the chromatogram method. After that, the separated components and their quantity were determined by the area of the peaks. The content of solid triglycerides in the emulsifiers was determined by the method of nuclear magnetic resonance. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance was obtained from the manufacturer's specifications. Results and discussion. The solid mono- and diglycerides appeared to have a high content of stearic and palmitic acids. Oleic acid predominated in soft monoglycerides; unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic and oleic) also predominated in the monoglycerides/lecithin complex emulsifier. Solid monoglycerides had a high content of solid triglycerides at 35°C (82.93%), which correlated with the high melting point (80°C) and the lowest iodine number (3 mg I2/100 g) of all the samples. The optimal ratio of vegetable oil and the emulsifier was defined empirically. The emulsifiers were dissolved in refined deodorized vegetable oil at 5–7°C above the melting point of the emulsifier. The resulting ratios were between 6:1 and 10:1. The samples of creamy vegetable spreads were obtained using the studied emulsifiers and their compositions in different doses and ratios. The crystallization temperature and phase transition time were determined when studying the process of emulsion overcooling. The article introduces a list of technological and physicochemical indicators of emulsifiers: the fatty acid composition, the degree of saturation, the melting point, and the content of solid triglycerides. By finding out the physicochemical parameters of emulsifiers, producers can vary the ratio of the components of emulsifying compositions to achieve the desired properties of food emulsions. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance also proved to be an important index since the proportion of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in surfactants affects the type of emulsions and makes it possible to adjust the fat content of the finished product. Conclusion. The research results can expand the theoretical foundations of food emulsions. The article contains scientifically grounded recommendations on how to select optimal surfactants. The research opens up prospects for further studies of emulsifiers and their effect on the quality of finished products.

Separation and Purification of Wax from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) Seed Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Safrina Hapsari ◽  
David Febrilliant Susanto ◽  
Hakun Wirawasista Aparamarta ◽  
Arief Widjaja ◽  
Setiyo Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Polar Lipid Fraction ◽  
Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽  
Solvent Crystallization

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) is a multi-functional plant which is spread widely over the coast of Indonesia. Its seed produces a high content of oil, but its utilization is still limited. It is because C. inophyllum seed oil contains toxic compounds. Therefore, C. inophyllum seed oil has been used as a biodiesel raw material for many years. It was reported that C. inophyllum seed oil contains wax, but its percentage remains unknown. Wax has been used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, foods, and coatings industries as oil binder, water repellent, scratch resistance, and dispersion medium. In this work, wax was separated from C. inophyllum seed oil by solvent crystallization with and without separating non-polar lipid fraction (NPLF) from crude oil. Non-polar lipid fraction was separated by batch-wise solvent extraction using petroleum ether to methanol mass ratio of 3:1 (w/w) for eight stages. After eight stages, non-polar lipid fraction was collected for further separation by solvent crystallization method. The ratios of non-polar lipid fraction to acetone were 1:10, 1:20, and 1:40 (w/v). Then, the isolated wax was analyzed by gas chromatography. It was found that wax (purity of 40% and yield of 0.35%) was successfully isolated by separating non-polar lipid fraction from crude oil (batch wise solvent extraction for eight stages) and followed by solvent crystallization (non-polar lipid fraction to acetone ratio of 1:40 (w/v)).

scholarly journals Acute Hypoglycaemic Activities and Fatty Acid Profile of Seed Oil of Moringa oleifera Lam

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
M. B. Busari ◽  
H. L. Muhammad ◽  
E. O. Ogbadoyi ◽  
F. O. Badmos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Seed

The adverse effect of oral hypoglycaemic drugs necessitated the search for efficient and safer antidiabetic drugs from herbal formulation. As such, the fatty acids profile and acute antidia­betic activities of Moringa oleifera seed oil extract of petroleum ether (PEEMO) and Moringa oleifera seed oil extract of dichloromethane (DCMMO) were investigated. The 2.0 mL/kg body weight (kg.bw) of both oils, 500 μg/kg.bw of glibenclimide and 2.0 mL/kg.bw of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were given orally to rats in their respective groups after induction with 2 g/kg.bw of glucose solution orally. Unsaturated fatty acids contents were in high proportion in both oils when compared to saturated fatty acids content. Administration of glucose solution significantly elevated the blood glucose level to 24.71, 47.83, 44.05, 44.78 and 30.86% for normoglycaemic, control, glibenclimide, DCMMO and PEEMO respectively at 30 minutes from their respective basal blood glucose level. However, the blood glucose level of the glib­enclimide, PEEMO, DCMMO treated groups were significantly (p<0.05) reduced at 60 (24.57, 15.61 and 10.69%), 90 (43.87, 30.08 and 15.45%) and 120 (57.98, 19.82 and 41.33%) minutes respectively when compared with that of 30 minutes’ blood glucose levels. Therefore, Moringa oleifera seed oil extracts demonstrated acute hypoglycaemic effects in glucose fed rats. Keywords: Moringa oleifera, glibenclimide, antidiabetic, diabetes, unsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Antibacterial, Compositional and Physicochemical Properties of Guizotia Scabra (Vis.) Chiov. Seed Oil Found on Jos-Plateau-Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Gambo N. N.* ◽  
Ibejekwe, S. J. ◽  
Ayuba S. D.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The oil extract of G. scabra seeds was analyzed for its antibacterial, chemical and physical properties. Physical and chemical properties analyzed included moisture content (0.91%), acid value (13.65%), iodine value (132.27), peroxide value (18.58), saponification value (191.03), free fatty acids (6.86%) and density (0.87g/cm3). The oil was found to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Escherichia coli (EC) and Salmonella typhi (ST) at an MIC of 50%. However, there was no effect on Shigella sonnei (SS). The fatty acid composition of the extracted oil was revealed using the Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. A total of 18 components of the oil were identified. Oleic acid (27.07%), 10- undecenoic acid (19.99%), palmitic acid (10.56%) and stearic acid (6.22%) were detected as the dominant fatty acids in the G. scabra seed oil.

UJI KINERJA BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK BIJI KARET

EKUILIBIUM ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Ardiana Setyawardani ◽  
Sperisa Distantina
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Pre Treatment

<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Abstract: </strong><em>The increasing of national biodiesel-demand is not balanced with national production. Two of the reasons are using edible oil as feedstock and high production cost.</em> <em>Seventy percents of production cost comes from raw materials.</em> <em>Exploration of new crops and unexploited oil crops is needed to develop. We could use low-valued feed stocks such as unrefined vegetable oil, waste frying oil, or side product from vegetable oil hydrolysis, the fatty acids. Rubber seed is a potential feedstock for biodiesel in Indonesia, because it is one of the greatest producers in the world. Besides, rubber seed has high proportion of oil and has not been used optimally yet. By using a proper pre-treatment, we could produce high quality biodiesel.  The aim of this third-year research is to produce biodiesel in the optimum condition, and analysed it with Engine Test Bed. The optimum conditions are: acid pre-treatment (using H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on 2.5% v/v as catalyst on the ratio of  methanol to oil is 6:1, 60 <sup>o</sup>C), and the second step, alkaline (KOH) catalysed trans-esterification (which was processed in 1 hour, 2% catalyst, 50<sup>o</sup>C, on the ratio of methanol to oil is 6:1). Biodiesel was refined by settling, washing and adsorption. Based on previous research, we concluded that biodiesel from rubber seed oil with acid pre-treatment has lower carbon residue and higher flash point as the advantages. So, it was analyzed in an Engine Test Bed on this research. Biodiesel resulted better performance for B10 than petroleum diesel-fuel in lower rotation (&lt; 2000 rpm), lower fuel-consumption and lower waste-gas flow rate. </em><strong></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>acid pre-treatment, biodiesel, Engine Test Bed, fatty acids, rubber seed oil</em></p></div><strong><br clear="all" /></strong>

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