scholarly journals PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR BATIK MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI METODE NETRALISASI DAN ELEKTROKOAGULASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Beauty Suestining Diyah Dewanti ◽  
Tafana Firdausi Prastiwi ◽  
Alexander Tunggul Sutan Haji
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Total Chromium ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
Dyeing Process ◽  
Process Waste Water

In the process of production, batik industry often used chemicals such as dye used in dyeing process. Waste water of batik industry containing high concentration of BOD, COD, suspended solid, and color relatively high. One of alternative processing for liquid waste batik is using the neutralization and electrocoagulation method. The purposes of this research were to find the influence of processing with the neutralization and electrocoagulation methode, to find the removal efficiency and to know optimal voltage in reducing the concentration of total chromium, COD, and TSS on liquid waste batik. At the neutralization methode using concentrated HCl. Electrode used in electrocoagulation methode was aluminium as plate electrodes. The observation parameter were total chromium, COD, and TSS at 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The process of neutralization and electrocoagulation of liquid waste batik most effective was reached on voltage 12 volts at 90 minutes that decrease total chromium concentration from 4,908 mg/L to 0,005 mg/L, COD concentration from 1890 mg/L to 68,55 mg/L, and TSS concentration from 296,7 mg/L to 41 mg/L. the voltage as able to produce electrical power equal to 0,036 KWH. A method of electrocoagulation most efficient to remove 99,90%, 96,37%, and 86,18% of total chromium, COD, and TSS respectively. Keywords : Total Chromium, COD, TSS, Liquid Waste Batik, Electrocoagulation

scholarly journals Remediation of High Concentration Chromium Contaminated Soil by Enhanced Electrodynamic Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Lin Guo ◽  
Xiaocun Zhang ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Electrokinetic Remediation ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Total Chromium ◽  
Remediation Technology ◽  
Repair Efficiency ◽  
Enhanced Remediation

High concentration of chromium salt has caused serious pollution to the environment since its production. The long-standing chromium residue has polluted the soil, and the total chromium concentration of some polluted soil has reached 30000 mg / kg. For the remediation of chromium contaminated soil, the enhanced electrodynamic method was proposed. In order to improve the efficiency of electrokinetic remediation of chromium contaminated soil, two enhanced electrokinetic remediation technologies were proposed: Electrokinetic oxidation enhanced remediation technology and electrokinetic enhanced remediation technology. (III) in soil was polluted by oxidant chromium oxide to increase the content of dissolved (VI),so as to improve the efficiency of electric repair, in order to find a suitable PRB medium as a breakthrough to improve the repair efficiency. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional electrodynamic technology, the enhanced electrodynamic method can effectively improve the removal rate of total chromium in the soil, and provide technical support for the enhanced electrodynamic remediation of chromium contaminated soil. The pH control system makes the pH of anode and cathode electrolyte always maintain acidic, and the H+ migration speed is faster than that of OH-, and the pH of soil near the anode is lower than that near the cathode.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID PINEAPPLE WASTE

REAKTOR ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Hanafi Mat
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Value Added Products

The pineapple waste is contain high concentration of biodegradable organic material and suspended solid. As a result it has a high BOD and extremes of pH conditions. The pineapple wastes juice contains mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose and other nutrients. The characterisation this waste is needed to reduce it by  recycling to get raw material or  for  conversion into useful product of higher value added products such as organic acid, methane , ethanol, SCP and enzyme. Analysis of sugar indicates that liquid waste contains mainly sucrose, glucose and fructose.  The dominant sugar was fructose, glucose and sucrose.  The fructose and glucose levels were similar to each other, with fructose usually slightly higher than glucose. The total sugar and citric acid content were 73.76 and 2.18 g/l. The sugar content in solid waste is glucose and fructose was 8.24 and 12.17 %, no sucrose on this waste

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN MODEL KINERJA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH COOLANT DENGAN PENDEKATAN SYSTEM DYNAMICS ( STUDI KASUS : SEKSI MACHINING –PLANT PEGANGSAAN PT ASTRA HONDA MOTOR )

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusman Kosasih
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Alternative Processing

<p>Indonesian manufacturing industries have to comply with good responsibilites of<br />management of the environtment. Strategically, the limitation standard for quality of industrial waste<br />water, the document of Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Management Effort -<br />Environmental Monitoring is some evidence of the Government's efforts to set a good environmental<br />management. Technically, the engineering processes to 6R (Refine - Reduce - Reuse - Recycle -<br />Recovery - Retrieve energy) into one of the flagship activities to help realize environmental<br />management in accordance with Government Regulation. PT Astra Honda Motor is a company<br />engaged in manufacturing Honda motorcycles. Motorcycle production increases seizing with the<br />growth of market needs. This results in increased production of liquid waste coolant from the<br />machining process, exceeding the capacity of Inplant Waste Water Treatment System. Machining<br />section develop Recycle Instalation to process waste coolant to be used again in the machining<br />process. This research aims to design Recycle installation processing performance models with system<br />dynamics approach. Desired processing performance indicators are indicators of quality and<br />productivity of coolant Recycle process. The research method carried out by conducting a preliminary<br />study, design of Causal Loop Diagram, Model design based on system dynamics approach.<br />Verification of the model is done by determining whether the interaction variable models can reflect<br />real events. Model validation is done by comparing the results of model performance indicator with<br />the results performance indicator of actual processing. Several alternative processing strategies and<br />policies expected to be made to anticipate fluctuations in production in the future while maintaining<br />the performance indicators of quality standards of coolant recycle and productivity of Recycle<br />process.</p>

scholarly journals Vitrification of HLW Produced by Uranium/Molybdenum Fuel Reprocessing in COGEMA’s Cold Crucible Melter

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Do Quang ◽  
V. Petitjean ◽  
F. Hollebecque ◽  
O. Pinet ◽  
T. Flament ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Glass Layer ◽  
Cold Crucible ◽  
High Level Liquid Waste ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Glass Formulation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fuel Reprocessing ◽  
High Frequency Induction

The performance of the vitrification process currently used in the La Hague commercial reprocessing plants has been continuously improved during more than ten years of operation. In parallel COGEMA (industrial Operator), the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) and SGN (respectively COGEMA’s R&D provider and Engineering) have developed the cold crucible melter vitrification technology to obtain greater operating flexibility, increased plant availability and further reduction of secondary waste generated during operations. The cold crucible is a compact water-cooled melter in which the radioactive waste and the glass additives are melted by direct high frequency induction. The cooling of the melter produces a soldified glass layer that protects the melter’s inner wall from corrosion. Because the heat is transferred directly to the melt, high operating temperatures can be achieved with no impact on the melter itself. COGEMA plans to implement the cold crucible technology to vitrify high level liquid waste from reprocessed spent U-Mo-Sn-Al fuel (used in gas cooled reactor). The cold crucible was selected for the vitrification of this particularly hard-to-process waste stream because it could not be reasonably processed in the standard hot induction melters currently used at the La Hague vitrification facilities: the waste has a high molybdenum content which makes it very corrosive and also requires a special high temperature glass formulation to obtain sufficiently high waste loading factors (12% in molybednum). A special glass formulation has been developed by the CEA and has been qualified through lab and pilot testing to meet standard waste acceptance criteria for final disposal of the U-Mo waste. The process and the associated technologies have been also being qualified on a full-scale prototype at the CEA pilot facility in Marcoule. Engineering study has been integrated in parallel in order to take into account that the Cold Crucible should be installed remotely in one of the R7 vitrification cell. This paper will present the results obtained in the framework of these qualification programs.

A generalized settling approach in the numerical modeling of sedimentation tanks

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mazzolani ◽  
F. Pirozzi ◽  
G. d'Antonoi
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hindered Settling ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Solid Distribution

Numerical models for the prediction of turbulent flow field and suspended solid distribution in sedimentation tanks are characterized by refined modeling of hydrodynamics, but apparently weak modeling of settling properties of suspensions. It is known that sedimentation tanks typically treat highly heterodisperse suspensions, whose concentrations range from relatively high to low values. However, settling is modeled either by considering one or more particle classes of different settling velocity, without accounting for hindered settling conditions, or by treating the suspension as monodisperse, even in regions of low concentration. A new generalized settling model is proposed to account for both discrete settling conditions in low concentration regions of the tanks and hindered settling conditions in high concentration regions. Settling velocities of heterodisperse suspensions are then determined as a function of particle velocities in isolation and their total concentration. The settling model is used in the framework of a transport model for the simulation of hydrodynamics and solid distribution in a rectangular sedimentation tank. Results show that solid distribution is mainly affected by particle interactions in the inlet region and by settling properties of individual particles in the outlet region. Comparison of the proposed settling model with other settling models suggests that a generalized approach of the modeling of settling properties of suspensions is a primary concern to obtain reliable predictions of the removal rate.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY FROM INDUSTRIAL AND RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF SANGO OTA, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Oguntade ◽  
V.I. I Fesiokwu ◽  
O. S. Sule
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
High Concentration

High concentration of contaminants in drinking water can affect human health. This study assessed quality of groundwater at industrial and residential areas of Sango Ota, Ogun State. Water samples were collected in triplicates from 8 wells at industrial and residential areas and analyzed for its physicochemical properties. The pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrate, sulphate, total suspended solid (TSS), total hardness (TH), iron, zinc, copper, lead, nickel, chromium and cadmium concentrations in the water samples were determined following American Public Health Association (APHA) procedure. Results showed that pH of 50 % of the wells were lower than minimum limit of 6.5 recommended by WHO. Sulphate, TH and iron in the water were significantly (p < 0.05) higher at residential area than industrial area. Electrical conductivity exhibited significant (p < 0.01) correlation with TDS (r = 0.701**) and NO32- (r = 0.922**) at residential area. At the industrial area however, concentration of salts in water samples was highly associated with SO42- (r = 0.864**) and Cd (r = 0.587**). Across locations of groundwater, iron and lead were above allowable WHO limits in drinking water. Cadmium was also above drinking limit at location T4 of the residential area. Consumers of groundwater in the study area are prone to health related challenges of heavy metal toxicity.

Cleaning process waste water with pressure centrifuges

Refractories ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 9 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 415-421
Author(s):  
F. S. Goncharov ◽  
A. M. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Process Waste Water

Flame stabilization by plasma jets

1971 ◽  
Vol 321 (1544) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Plasma Jets ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Carrier Gas ◽  
Carrier Stream

The possibility of increasing flame reaction rates, stability and hence the throughput of chemical energy achievable by the addition of a small proportion of electrical power is stuided. The power is added to a subsidiary stream of different gases by a magnetically rotated plasma jet. Rates of rotation of the order 10 5 rev/min contribute to uniform heating and mixing with the very much larger main stream flow (up to blow-out) of methane + air mixtures. The products are sampled by a traversing micro-probe and analysed. Quite small additions of electrical power (e. g. 10% of the chemical energy flux—equivalent to an increase of approx. 116 °C in final temperature) produce large increases in throughput— almost 700 % with N 2 plus argon as the carrier gas. This compares with about 50 % predicted for a perfectly stirred system on the basis of measured global kinetics. Even the effect of argon alone, as the carrier gas, cannot be accounted for by such predictions. Radicals known to be important in flame propagation, such as OH, H and O were deliberately produced by including H 2 O, O 2 and CH 4 in the carrier stream . These were an improvement over argon alone but none appreciably exceeded N 2 in effectiveness. The conclusion is that a limited amount of electrical power used to stabilize a large throughput of flame reactants is most effective if employed to generate energetic and long-lived molecular fragments by imparting it in high concentration to a species of large dissociation energy which is capable of producing, subsequently, radicals important in flame propagation. The practical implications may be important, e. g. for stabilizing large throughputs in jet propulsion.

Pore Solution Chemistry of Simulated Low Level Liquid Waste Incorporated Cement Grouts

1995 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadananda Sahu ◽  
Sidney Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Pore Solution ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Gas Condensates ◽  
Cement Grouts

AbstractExpressed pore solutions from simulated low level liquid waste cement grouts cured at room temperature, 50°C and 90°C for various duration were analyzed by standard chemical methods and ion chromatography. The solid portions of the grouts were formulated with portland cement, fly ash, slag, and attapulgite clay in the ratios of 3:3:3:1. Two different solutions simulating off-gas condensates expected from vitrification of Hanford low level tank wastes were made. One is highly alkaline and contains the species Na+, PO43-, NO2-, NO3- and OH-. The other is carbonated and contains the species Na+, PO43-, NO2- NO3- and CO32- In both cases phosphate rapidly disappeared from the pore solution, leaving behind sodium in the form of hydroxide. The carbonates were also removed from the pore solution to form calcium carbonate and possibly calcium monocarboaluminate. These reactions resulted in the increase of hydroxide ion concentration in the early period. Subsequently there was a significant reduction OH- and Na+ ion concentrations. In contrast high concentration of NO2- and NO3- were retained in the pore solution indefinitely.

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