scholarly journals CHARACTERISATION OF SOLID AND LIQUID PINEAPPLE WASTE

REAKTOR ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Hanafi Mat
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Value Added Products

The pineapple waste is contain high concentration of biodegradable organic material and suspended solid. As a result it has a high BOD and extremes of pH conditions. The pineapple wastes juice contains mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose and other nutrients. The characterisation this waste is needed to reduce it by  recycling to get raw material or  for  conversion into useful product of higher value added products such as organic acid, methane , ethanol, SCP and enzyme. Analysis of sugar indicates that liquid waste contains mainly sucrose, glucose and fructose.  The dominant sugar was fructose, glucose and sucrose.  The fructose and glucose levels were similar to each other, with fructose usually slightly higher than glucose. The total sugar and citric acid content were 73.76 and 2.18 g/l. The sugar content in solid waste is glucose and fructose was 8.24 and 12.17 %, no sucrose on this waste

scholarly journals Recent Updates on the Conversion of Pineapple Waste (Ananas comosus) to Value-Added Products, Future Perspectives and Challenges

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2221
Author(s):  
Adila Fazliyana Aili Hamzah ◽  
Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah ◽  
Hasfalina Che Man ◽  
Nur Syakina Jamali ◽  
Shamsul Izhar Siajam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Protease Enzyme

Pineapple waste accounts for a significant part of waste accumulated in landfill which will further contribute to the release of greenhouse gases. With the rising pineapple demands worldwide, the abundance of pineapple waste and its disposal techniques are a major concern. Exploiting the pineapple waste into valuable products could be the most sustainable way of managing these residues due to their useful properties and compositions. In this review, we concentrated on producing useful products from on-farm pineapple waste and processing waste. Bioenergy is the most suitable option for green energy to encounter the increasing demand for renewable energy and promotes sustainable development for agricultural waste. The presence of protease enzyme in pineapple waste makes it a suitable raw material for bromelain production. The high cellulose content present in pineapple waste has a potential for the production of cellulose nanocrystals, biodegradable packaging and bio-adsorbent, and can potentially be applied in the polymer, food and textile industries. Other than that, it is also a suitable substrate for the production of wine, vinegar and organic acid due to its high sugar content, especially from the peel wastes. The potentials of bioenergy production through biofuels (bioethanol, biobutanol and biodiesel) and biogas (biomethane and biohydrogen) were also assessed. The commercial use of pineapples is also highlighted. Despite the opportunities, future perspectives and challenges concerning pineapple waste utilisation to value-added goods were also addressed. Pineapple waste conversions have shown to reduce waste generation, and the products derived from the conversion would support the waste-to-wealth concept.

Characterization of Liquid Pineapple Waste as Carbon Source for Production of Succinic Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norela Jusoh ◽  
Norasikin Othman ◽  
Ani Idris ◽  
Alina Nasruddin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Succinic Acid Production ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Pineapple cannery produces large amount of solid and liquid waste. The disposal of waste without an appropriate treatment can cause a great environmental pollution. Since pineapple waste contains some valuable components such as glucose, fructose and sucrose, the ability to convert this waste into higher value added product such as succinic acid would be advantageous. Therefore, in this study, liquid pineapple waste was characterized in order to investigate the possibility of succinic acid production via fermentation using liquid pineapple waste as a carbon source. The physical and chemical composition in the liquid pineapple waste such as cation, anion, pH, sugar content and soluble protein were determined. The dominant sugar in the liquid pineapple waste were glucose, fructose and sucrose and the total sugar content was more than 100 g/l. Result from the fermentation process proved that liquid pineapple waste can successfully produce succinic acid with almost the same amount as using glucose as carbon source, with the concentration of 6.26 g/l.

scholarly journals β-Galactosidases from a Sequence-Based Metagenome: Cloning, Expression, Purification and Characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
María Florencia Eberhardt ◽  
José Matías Irazoqui ◽  
Ariel Fernando Amadio
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Catalytic Domains ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Cazy Database ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Value Added Products

Stabilization ponds are a common treatment technology for wastewater generated by dairy industries. Large proportions of cheese whey are thrown into these ponds, creating an environmental problem because of the large volume produced and the high biological and chemical oxygen demands. Due to its composition, mainly lactose and proteins, it can be considered as a raw material for value-added products, through physicochemical or enzymatic treatments. β-Galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.23) are lactose modifying enzymes that can transform lactose in free monomers, glucose and galactose, or galactooligosacharides. Here, the identification of novel genes encoding β-galactosidases, identified via whole-genome shotgun sequencing of the metagenome of dairy industries stabilization ponds is reported. The genes were selected based on the conservation of catalytic domains, comparing against the CAZy database, and focusing on families with β-galactosidases activity (GH1, GH2 and GH42). A total of 394 candidate genes were found, all belonging to bacterial species. From these candidates, 12 were selected to be cloned and expressed. A total of six enzymes were expressed, and five cleaved efficiently ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside and lactose. The activity levels of one of these novel β-galactosidase was higher than other enzymes reported from functional metagenomics screening and higher than the only enzyme reported from sequence-based metagenomics. A group of novel mesophilic β-galactosidases from diary stabilization ponds’ metagenomes was successfully identified, cloned and expressed. These novel enzymes provide alternatives for the production of value-added products from dairy industries’ by-products.

scholarly journals Extraction of sugarcane bagasse arabinoxylan, integrated with enzymatic production of xylo-oligosaccharides and separation of cellulose

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Khaleghipour ◽  
Javier A. Linares-Pastén ◽  
Hamid Rashedi ◽  
Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat ◽  
Andrius Jasilionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Bacillus Halodurans ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Successful Separation ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractSugarcane processing roughly generates 54 million tonnes sugarcane bagasse (SCB)/year, making SCB an important material for upgrading to value-added molecules. In this study, an integrated scheme was developed for separating xylan, lignin and cellulose, followed by production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from SCB. Xylan extraction conditions were screened in: (1) single extractions in NaOH (0.25, 0.5, or 1 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min; (2) 3 × repeated extraction cycles in NaOH (1 or 2 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min or (3) pressurized liquid extractions (PLE), 100 bar, at low alkalinity (0–0.1 M NaOH) in the time and temperature range 10–30 min and 50–150 °C. Higher concentration of alkali (2 M NaOH) increased the xylan yield and resulted in higher apparent molecular weight of the xylan polymer (212 kDa using 1 and 2 M NaOH, vs 47 kDa using 0.5 M NaOH), but decreased the substituent sugar content. Repeated extraction at 2 M NaOH, 121 °C, 60 min solubilized both xylan (85.6% of the SCB xylan), and lignin (84.1% of the lignin), and left cellulose of high purity (95.8%) in the residuals. Solubilized xylan was separated from lignin by precipitation, and a polymer with β-1,4-linked xylose backbone substituted by arabinose and glucuronic acids was confirmed by FT-IR and monosaccharide analysis. XOS yield in subsequent hydrolysis by endo-xylanases (from glycoside hydrolase family 10 or 11) was dependent on extraction conditions, and was highest using xylan extracted by 0.5 M NaOH, (42.3%, using Xyn10A from Bacillus halodurans), with xylobiose and xylotriose as main products. The present study shows successful separation of SCB xylan, lignin, and cellulose. High concentration of alkali, resulted in xylan with lower degree of substitution (especially reduced arabinosylation), while high pressure (using PLE), released more lignin than xylan. Enzymatic hydrolysis was more efficient using xylan extracted at lower alkaline strength and less efficient using xylan obtained by PLE and 2 M NaOH, which may be a consequence of polymer aggregation, via remaining lignin interactions.

scholarly journals Optimization of a pretreatment and hydrolysis process for the efficient recovery of recycled sugars and unknown compounds from agricultural sweet sorghum bagasse stem pith solid waste

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ting Jiang ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
Zi-Wei Shi ◽  
Zhi-Jun Xin
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Sweet Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Amorphous Cellulose ◽  
Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Value Added Products

Background Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB), comprising both a dermal layer and pith, is a solid waste generated by agricultural activities. Open burning was previously used to treat agricultural solid waste but is harmful to the environment and human health. Recent reports showed that certain techniques can convert this agricultural waste into valuable products. While SSB has been considered an attractive raw material for sugar extraction and the production of value-added products, the pith root in the SSB can be difficult to process. Therefore, it is necessary to pretreat bagasse before conventional hydrolysis. Methods A thorough analysis and comparison of various pretreatment methods were conducted based on physicochemical and microscopic approaches. The responses of agricultural SSB stem pith with different particle sizes to pretreatment temperature, acid and alkali concentration and enzyme dosage were investigated to determine the optimal pretreatment. The integrated methods are beneficial to the utilization of carbohydrate-based and unknown compounds in agricultural solid waste. Results Acid (1.5−4.5%, v/v) and alkali (5−8%, w/v) reagents were used to collect cellulose from different meshes of pith at 25–100 °C. The results showed that the use of 100 mesh pith soaked in 8% (w/v) NaOH solution at 100 °C resulted in 32.47% ± 0.01% solid recovery. Follow-up fermentation with 3% (v/v) acid and 6.5% (w/v) alkali at 50 °C for enzymolysis was performed with the optimal enzyme ratio. An analysis of the surface topography and porosity before and after pretreatment showed that both the pore size of the pith and the amount of exposed cellulose increased as the mesh size increased. Interestingly, various compounds, including 42 compounds previously known to be present and 13 compounds not previously known to be present, were detected in the pretreatment liquid, while 10 types of monosaccharides, including D-glucose, D-xylose and D-arabinose, were found in the enzymatic solution. The total monosaccharide content of the pith was 149.48 ± 0.3 mg/g dry matter. Discussion An integrated technique for obtaining value-added products from sweet sorghum pith is presented in this work. Based on this technique, lignin and hemicellulose were effectively broken down, amorphous cellulose was obtained and all sugars in the sweet sorghum pith were hydrolysed into monosaccharides. A total of 42 compounds previously found in these materials, including alcohol, ester, acid, alkene, aldehyde ketone, alkene, phenolic and benzene ring compounds, were detected in the pretreatment pith. In addition, several compounds that had not been previously observed in these materials were found in the pretreatment solution. These findings will improve the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into sugar to create a high-value-added coproduct during the integrated process and to maximize the potential utilization of agricultural waste in current biorefinery processing.

Whey Utilization: Sustainable Uses and Environmental Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeta Zandona ◽  
Marijana Blažić ◽  
Anet Režek Jambrak
Keyword(s):  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Value Added Products

The dairy industry produces large amounts of whey as a by- product or co-product, which has led to considerable environmental problems due to its high organic matter content. Over the past decades, possibilities of more environmentally and economically efficient whey utilisation have been studied, primarily to convert unwanted end products into a valuable raw material. Sustainable whey management is mostly oriented to biotechnological and food applications for the development of value-added products such as whey powders, whey proteins, functional food and beverages, edible films and coatings, lactic acid and other biochemicals, bioplastic, biofuels and similar valuable bioproducts. This paper provides an overview of the sustainable utilization of whey and its constituents, considering new refining approaches and integrated processes to covert whey, or lactose and whey proteins to high value-added whey-based products.

scholarly journals Exploiting xylan as sugar donor for the synthesis of an antiproliferative xyloside using an enzyme cascade

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Nieto-Domínguez ◽  
José Alberto Martínez-Fernández ◽  
Beatriz Fernández de Toro ◽  
Juan A. Méndez-Líter ◽  
Francisco Javier Cañada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Birchwood Xylan ◽  
Enzyme Cascade ◽  
Antiproliferative Agent ◽  
Xylanolytic Enzymes ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract Background Currently, industrial societies are seeking for green alternatives to conventional chemical synthesis. This demand has merged with the efforts to convert lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products. In this context, xylan, as one of main components of lignocellulose, has emerged as a raw material with high potential for advancing towards a sustainable economy. Results In this study, the recombinant endoxylanase rXynM from the ascomycete Talaromyces amestolkiae has been heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris and used as one of the catalysts of an enzyme cascade developed to synthesize the antiproliferative 2-(6-hydroxynaphthyl) β-d-xylopyranoside, by transglycosylation of 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene. The approach combines the use of two fungal xylanolytic enzymes, rXynM and the β-xylosidase rBxTW1 from the same fungus, with the cost-effective substrate xylan. The reaction conditions for the cascade were optimized by a Central Composite Design. Maximal productions of 0.59 and 0.38 g/L were reached using beechwood xylan and birchwood xylan, respectively. For comparison, xylans from other sources were tested in the same reaction, suggesting that a specific optimization is required for each xylan variety. The results obtained using this enzyme cascade and xylan were similar or better to those previously reported for a single catalyst and xylobiose, an expensive sugar donor. Conclusions Beechwood and birchwood xylan, two polysaccharides easily available from biomass, were used in a novel enzyme cascade to synthetize an antiproliferative agent. The approach represents a green alternative to the conventional chemical synthesis of 2-(6-hydroxynaphthyl) β-d-xylopyranoside using a cost-effective substrate. The work highlights the role of xylan as a raw material for producing value-added products and the potential of fungal xylanolytic enzymes in the biomass conversion.

scholarly journals A Review on Bioconversion of Agro-Industrial Wastes to Industrially Important Enzymes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Ravindran ◽  
Shady Hassan ◽  
Gwilym Williams ◽  
Amit Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Phase Culture ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Value Added Products

Agro-industrial waste is highly nutritious in nature and facilitates microbial growth. Most agricultural wastes are lignocellulosic in nature; a large fraction of it is composed of carbohydrates. Agricultural residues can thus be used for the production of various value-added products, such as industrially important enzymes. Agro-industrial wastes, such as sugar cane bagasse, corn cob and rice bran, have been widely investigated via different fermentation strategies for the production of enzymes. Solid-state fermentation holds much potential compared with submerged fermentation methods for the utilization of agro-based wastes for enzyme production. This is because the physical–chemical nature of many lignocellulosic substrates naturally lends itself to solid phase culture, and thereby represents a means to reap the acknowledged potential of this fermentation method. Recent studies have shown that pretreatment technologies can greatly enhance enzyme yields by several fold. This article gives an overview of how agricultural waste can be productively harnessed as a raw material for fermentation. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of studies conducted in the production of different commercially important enzymes using lignocellulosic food waste has been provided.

scholarly journals PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI TERHADAP PERSENTASE PENYISIHAN PADATAN TERSUSPENSI TOTAL (TSS) CAMPURAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAPIOKA DENGAN AIR

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Wan Rizki Ansari ◽  
Umayi Belladiana ◽  
Setiaty Pandia
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
System Research ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Optimal Value

The waste water of tapioca is the waste produced from the washing process raw materials, screening cassava porridge (extraction) and starch sediment containing organic compounds which are still important, especially starch and other compounds that can be used as raw material for the manufacture of bio gas. This study aimed to determine the effect of  fermentation time on the elimination percentage of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) using batch anaerobic digester system. Research was carried out by mixing the liquid waste of tapioca industry with water in the ratio 100:0; 85:15; 65:35; 50:50;35:65, and 15:85 (v/v) with starterin an anaerobic digester system batch in which neutral pH of the mixture was set. Parameter observed was the content of Total Suspended Solid. Percentage of elimination of Total Suspended Solid was reached at the rasio of liquid waste to water 100:0 (v/v) with the optimal value of 89.851% on the 21th day.

scholarly journals Current Status of Microalgae to Produce Biogas through Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Waste in the Era of 21-Century

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Raza Ishaq ◽  
Faiza Jabeen ◽  
Maleeha Manzoor ◽  
Tahira Younis ◽  
Ayesha Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks ◽  
Value Added Products

Modern day civilization is dependent on energy generation by fossil fuels. But the major drawback of using fossil fuels is environmental pollution. Microalgae are potential candidate for production of various products of interest, such as proteins, mini food, pigments and triglycerides that can be converted into biofuels. Lignocellulosic feedstocks are the most abundantly available raw material of plants that can serve as a promising feedstock for cultivating bacteria, fungi, yeasts and microalgae to produce biofuels and other value-added products. Owing to the abundant availability of these low/no cost substrates, can be utilized as feedstocks for cultivating microalgae to generate biogas/biodiesel. Likewise, there is much room to exploit defatted algal biomass to be used as animal/fish feed and oil producing/accumulating genes knowledge in future to produce high and good quality biodiesel and biogas.

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