Digitalization and domestic machine building: Prospects and risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-694
Author(s):  
G.V. Kuznetsova ◽  
V.V. Korovkin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Building ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Free Development ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Domestic Machine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transformation Processes

Subject. The article discusses the current and future development of domestic machine building as digital transformation processes are under way worldwide. Objectives. The study explores how a new wave of S&T progress influences the coming future of the industry by predicting and analyzing domestic machine building as is. We also substantiate that, as the most critical part of the Russian economy, the machine building sector should be redesigned in terms of its structure and management so as to adapt to challenges brought by digitalization. Methods. The study employs the logic systems analysis of statistical data and expert assessments, techniques for generalization and grouping, abstraction-logic method. Results. The domestic machine building crisis was proved to still linger. Those meager achievements are not viable without the State aid. What describes the industry is that the Russian enterprises and products are hardly integrated into global chain values, resulting from their low competitiveness globally. Most of them are designated for the domestic market or even narrower regional markets. Conclusions and Relevance. There is still no definite conclusion on the impact of digitalization on the future of domestic machine building. However, the industry is not very prepared for innovation, with the governmental domination of the economy impeding the innovative transformation, which requires the freedom of business. As a preliminary requirement for Russia to join a group of global leaders, it should create conditions for the free development of businesses by integrating into global value chains and become more competitive. The findings can underlie practical measures to formulate the industrial policy from macro- and microeconomic perspectives.

ORIENTATION OF PRIORITIES OF INNOVATIVE MODERNIZATION OF RUSSIAN MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
N. A. LEBEDEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Building ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
Domestic Machine ◽  
Building Enterprises

The focus of the priorities of innovative modernization of domestic machine-building enterprises is re-vealed. It is shown that innovative work at machine-building enterprises should set the goal of achieving a higher technological degree and obtaining products with optimized properties; machine-building production should be integrated into transnational value chains and become more profitable.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic: The reaction of Russian enterprises and challenges for the post-crisis development

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Simachev ◽  
◽  
T.G. Dolgopyatova ◽  
А.А. Yakovlev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

The paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic crisis caused by it on the activities of firms in six sectors of the Russian economy. On the basis of a series of 45 in-depth interviews with the heads of companies and business associations and Russian and international industrial statistics, we show the reaction of enterprises to the crisis and changes in their models of behavior, as well as differences in the forms of communication between government and business in different sectors of Russian economy. Paper shows that key problems faced by firms in 2020 were emerged before the pandemic. During the crisis better performance was demonstrated by firms which before made significant investment in technological development and used digital technologies. Broad application of distant employment model in 2020 led to aggressive HR policy of large firms from Moscow and St.Petersburg in regional markets and increased competition for high-qualified workers. Sectoral associations played important role as representative of collective interests of business in negotiations with authorities. In the conclusion paper discusses the challenges for business and state in the post-crisis development.

scholarly journals Innovation potential of region’s economics tranformation on the basis of partnership and interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Budnikevich ◽  
Nadiia Romanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economics ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Satisfaction Of Needs ◽  
Transformation Processes ◽  
Regional Problems

The article regards the essence of region’s economics transformation on the basis of partnership and interaction. It points out that region’s economics transformation is connected with the concept of partnership and interaction which presupposes maximal satisfaction of needs of regional economics on the basis of organic mutually beneficial long-term interaction of main “actors” of regional markets and partnership interrelations among them; that in its turn will foster implementation of interests of region, each participants and solution of common regional problems. Innovation potential is determined by capacity of regional economics subjects to implement and disseminate the achievements of science and technology in social and economic spheres, develop organizational forms of innovative activity, manage the activity of subjects involved in creative, inventive, rationalization, licensing, educational activity. It also determines the impact of innovation potential to transformation processes in the region.

scholarly journals American Tariffs and their Impact in the EU and Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fátima El Khatabi ◽  
Carlos Llano ◽  
Federico Steinberg ◽  
Julián Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade Wars ◽  
The Eu

Donald Trump´s so called trade wars and the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have a substantial impact on international trade flows and would probably reshape globalization. As trade is restricted by tariffs, global value chains are shortened and international cooperation becomes more difficult, there is a chance that environmental sustainability will increase due to lower and shorter trade flows. This paper tackles this issue by exploring the impact that recent American tariffs have had on the EU with a special focus in Spain. Using the SMART simulation model developed by the World Bank and the UNCTAD, we estimate the impact of the new tariffs applied to iron, steel and aluminum, the products included in the list of products affected by the Airbus dispute, as well as the potential new tariffs to the automotive sector. We end with a discussion on the effects of this new wave of protectionism on sustainability.

scholarly journals Impact of Economic Sanctions on the Volume and Structure of Russia's Foreign Trade Turnover

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3904-3919
Author(s):  
Natalya N. Shchebarova ◽  
Nadezhda L. Tropnikova ◽  
Andrey R. Gafurov ◽  
Mariia A. Utkova ◽  
Anna Yu. Fofanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Foreign Trade Turnover ◽  
The Impact

The goal is to present a comparative analysis of statistical data on the indicators of the foreign trade turnover of the Russian Federation under the conditions of economic sanctions and anti-sanctions, as well as the results of expert assessments on the current import substitution policy. Design/methodology/approach – methods for comparing and grouping indicators that allow comprehensively and dynamically considering the state of Russia's foreign trade turnover, taking into account changes in the country and commodity aspects in the volume of exports and imports in the context of economic sanctions and a counter food embargo. Conclusions – the paper proves that the decline rate in foreign trade turnover in relation to the pre-sanctioned 2013 has slowed down, which indicates the relative adaptation of the Russian economy and the effectiveness of the anti-crisis measures taken. The main recommendations have been formulated that require the concentration of protective adaptation measures on the instruments of selective protectionism with free trade measures. Originality/significance – the paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of economic sanctions on the volume and structure of Russia's foreign trade in the context of growing pressure on foreign trade in a gradual increase in sanctions, and this trend should be timely detected.

scholarly journals Current trends in industry and features of marketing activities

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
С.О. Родіонов
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Domestic Machine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Building Enterprises

The main purpose of marketing activities in the field of mechanical engineering is to generate marketing information in order to make decisions in the field of interaction of the subjects of the marketing system, as well as to support management decisions. Also, marketing activities in the field of mechanical engineering helps to reduce the impact of elements of uncertainty and risk in the production and marketing activities of the enterprise. The practice of foreign machine-building enterprises indicates that the achievement of significant results in the activity is possible only with a thorough study of the machine-building market, as well as competitors operating in it, their careful assessment and consideration of their experience in their own activities. Taking into account the above features of the marketing activities of machine-building enterprises can be one of the ways to increase the competitiveness of domestic machine-building enterprises in international markets. Systematizing and analyzing objective information about the state of the market of machine-building products, the company is able to independently develop recommendations for making specific management decisions and methods of their implementation, to achieve the end results of efficiency in the activities of its machine-building enterprise. Marketing analysis of the external environment of domestic machine-building enterprises indicates that there is a complex and complex problem of competitiveness of the machine-building complex of Ukraine in world markets. In general, we can say about the domestic engineering industry: it is technologically backward, institutionally underdeveloped, too vulnerable to public policy and market fluctuations in the world market. Ukrainian machine building requires a comprehensive formation and gradual implementation of the national strategy for the development of the machine building industry and ensuring the appropriate level of its competitiveness in international markets. This necessitates the search for ways and means that can facilitate the transition of domestic machine-building enterprises to a better condition. Consideration of practice, analysis of development trends of machine-building enterprises allows to improve the quality of strategic management decisions, which will in the long run increase the level of competitiveness and enter new markets for domestic machine-building enterprises.

scholarly journals TO THE HISTORY OF RENEWING THE PARK OF FREIGHT CARS OF THE STATE RAILWAYS OF UKRAINE (1918 – 1919)

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
М. Yu. Ruban ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Sustainable Operation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Domestic Machine ◽  
The Impact

The article attempts to investigate the historical circumstances of technological renewal of the fleet of freight cars of the state railways of Ukraine in 1918-1919. It is found that in conditions of political instability and deep economic crisis its sustainable operation. The need for coherence in the operation of railway transport was due to the aggravation of the final act of the First World War, which also affected the technical task of rolling stock in the context of its equipment with means of transporting troops. It is determined that against the background of limited available resources, domestic machine-building enterprises presented conceptual samples of biaxial covered freight cars of the NTV type, developed on the basis of all the requirements of the time, taking into account possible technical replacements of individual components. The reasons for the slowdown in the process of renewal of the rolling stock of state railways, as well as the general restoration of the transport industry of Hetman Ukraine in 1918-1919 are clarified. the latest examples of legendary monuments of domestic car building should be a priority for the revitalization of the technological heritage of railway transport of Ukraine. Further study of the topic requires clarification of a wide range of issues concerning the impact of these events on the restoration of the Soviet railway industry in the first half of the 1920s. The practical significance of the proposed study can be introduced into the development of the concept of restoration of historical rolling stock for the branch museum collection of Ukrainian railways. Key words: freight car, rolling stock, railways of Ukraine, industry, transport.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic and its impact on the global labour market: an analysis of emerging trends (part two)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-227
Author(s):  
Yuri Odegov ◽  
Anton Razinov
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Rational Solutions ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Employment Elasticity ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact

In the context of the economic crisis caused by the spread of coronavirus infection, the global labour market has faced serious challenges, on the timeliness and effectiveness of the response to which the viability of the world economy today depends. The crisis is global in nature and has a significant impact on investment, global value chains, and international trade, with serious consequences not only for the economy but also for the working-age population in all countries of the world. The global economic turmoil caused by the coronavirus pandemic requires a thorough analysis of the scale of its consequences in order to determine the most rational solutions. A situation of uncertainty about the future, fear of devastating consequences, and pessimistic forecasts were the companions of the first days of the pandemic. This article provides the first estimates of the level of unemployment and employment in various countries of the world in 2020. The article is divided into two parts due to its large volume. The first part analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of employment in various countries of the world, its consequences for the global labour market in the context of changes in the income of employees, and the amount of time worked. The features of the adaptation of the labor markets of individual countries of the world, as well as the reasons for the differences in the dynamics of the unemployment rate in different regions of the world, are revealed. The calculations of the employment elasticity coefficient for GDP for a number of countries of the world are carried out, the analysis of the obtained values is carried out. The segments of the labour market that are most affected by the impact of the pandemic are identified. The second part of the article identifies the main trends inherent in the Russian labour market before the outbreak of the epidemic and the trends whose outlines became visible during its manifestation. The essence of the main changes that occurred due to the need to adapt to new conditions is revealed. The main differences from the mechanisms of selfregulation of the labour market, which appeared during the previous economic shocks, are revealed. The impact of the pandemic on informal employment in the Russian economy is considered

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