Overview of the Semiconductor Industry in the World and in Russia: Production and Equipment

The world’s leading manufacturers of semiconductor products are currently the United States, South Korea, Japan, the EU, and China. Russia’s share in world production is insignificant (0.06 %). The main volume of global production of specialized equipment for the semiconductor industry is concentrated in five leading companies: Applied Materials, Tokyo Electron, ASML, Lam Research and KLA Corporation. This kind of equipment is not produced in Russia, which leads to dependence on the import of such equipment. In this work, the current situation in the global and Russian markets of semiconductor products, as well as the markets of processing equipment and industrial robots used in the semiconductor industry, are described. The authors consider the solution to the problem of providing the semiconductor industry with processing equipment and industrial robots in the leading countries of the world and the possibility of solving this problem in Russia. As the analysis of foreign trade and equipment consumption in the world has shown, the main factor in determining the country’s position in the world market is the foreign policy environment while ensuring its technological security. In the case of China and Russia, it is necessary to create domestic machine-building production of equipment for the semiconductor industry.

THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF THE STRENGTH CALCULATION OF NOVIKOV GEARING WITH STANDARD BASIC RACK PROFILE

The article shows the expediency of using Novikov gearing with standard basic rack profile and with hardened teeth for general purpose gearboxes, also with thermally improved teeth for special purpose gearboxes. It sets out the principled approach for solving the problem definition of basic parameters of the strength calculation of these gears, consisting of two stages: a) definitions of both basic bending, contact stresses and tooth rigidity, and phase taking into account the coefficients of influence of the gear face; b) modeling the process of real multipoint engagement with finding the criterial stress in dangerous sections of the teeth, which determine the load-bearing capacity and service life of the gearbox. Implementing this approach, we obtained generalizing results of solving a spatial problem of the stress-strain state of teeth at any position of the contact area along their length and the way of obtaining partial efforts at the contact area and criterion stresses is indicated. The dependencies, convenient for embedding in the developed computing programs, tables, approximating the power polynomials for determining the basic parameters of the contact were obtained. The completed studies are supposed to be issued in the form allows to offer the method of strength calculation of Novikov gearing with standard basic rack profile domestic machine-building enterprises, producing drives for general engineering and special purpose.

MAIN STAGES OF AUTOMATED SYSTEM OF PROCESSES FOR DETERMINING AND ENSURING FUNCTIONAL AND PARAMETRIC COMPATIBILITY OF PRODUCTION AND TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

This article presents the main stages of the development of an automated system of processes for determining and ensuring functional and parametric compatibility (FPC) of components of production and technological systems (PTS), in particular production and technological modules (PTM) of machine-building production, respectively, based on the analysis and systematization of technological zones of loading of the main technological equipment (MTE) and the construction of coating surfaces, the main parameters of industrial robots and storage systems (SS), determination and mathematical formalization of coating surfaces and guiding planes of MTE loading zones, formation of types of analytical dependences of FPC PTM functions, development of a mathematical model for automating the processes of determining and providing FPC of PTM components. The present developed automated system can be used in the processes of restructuring and modernization of domestic machine-building production systems by automating the processes of building optimal production and technological structures of various hierarchical levels for the purpose of information, technological and functional-parametric integration of domestic and foreign production structures of mechanical engineering.

Current trends in industry and features of marketing activities

The main purpose of marketing activities in the field of mechanical engineering is to generate marketing information in order to make decisions in the field of interaction of the subjects of the marketing system, as well as to support management decisions. Also, marketing activities in the field of mechanical engineering helps to reduce the impact of elements of uncertainty and risk in the production and marketing activities of the enterprise. The practice of foreign machine-building enterprises indicates that the achievement of significant results in the activity is possible only with a thorough study of the machine-building market, as well as competitors operating in it, their careful assessment and consideration of their experience in their own activities. Taking into account the above features of the marketing activities of machine-building enterprises can be one of the ways to increase the competitiveness of domestic machine-building enterprises in international markets. Systematizing and analyzing objective information about the state of the market of machine-building products, the company is able to independently develop recommendations for making specific management decisions and methods of their implementation, to achieve the end results of efficiency in the activities of its machine-building enterprise. Marketing analysis of the external environment of domestic machine-building enterprises indicates that there is a complex and complex problem of competitiveness of the machine-building complex of Ukraine in world markets. In general, we can say about the domestic engineering industry: it is technologically backward, institutionally underdeveloped, too vulnerable to public policy and market fluctuations in the world market. Ukrainian machine building requires a comprehensive formation and gradual implementation of the national strategy for the development of the machine building industry and ensuring the appropriate level of its competitiveness in international markets. This necessitates the search for ways and means that can facilitate the transition of domestic machine-building enterprises to a better condition. Consideration of practice, analysis of development trends of machine-building enterprises allows to improve the quality of strategic management decisions, which will in the long run increase the level of competitiveness and enter new markets for domestic machine-building enterprises.

Effect of Water pH on Domestic Machine Washing Performance of Delicate Textiles

In order to investigate the effect of washing water pH on textile damage for delicate garments, the study was conducted such that a customer survey was first applied to randomly selected users to analyze domestic washing machine using habits of Turkish consumers. Based on the findings of the survey, the experimental study was designed in two successive phases to investigate the dimensional and mechanical behavior of certain types of delicate textiles against varying washing conditions by taking in particular, water properties, namely pH, hardness, and temperature into account, and accordingly to determine the optimized washing conditions for such textiles. Firstly, tergotometer was employed as a washing machine simulator. Within the light of the results obtained, the experimental work of the second phase of the study was conducted, which involved a domestic washing machine as a real-life scenario. All of the results, including the correlation between the data sets obtained from the tergotometer and domestic washing machine trials, were statistically analyzed using Minitab 17. The study produced some important findings regarding the effect of washing water pH on delicate textiles, in addition to an algorithm for improving the present washing program, minimizing textile damage for mainly wool and silk garments.

ORIENTATION OF PRIORITIES OF INNOVATIVE MODERNIZATION OF RUSSIAN MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES

The focus of the priorities of innovative modernization of domestic machine-building enterprises is re-vealed. It is shown that innovative work at machine-building enterprises should set the goal of achieving a higher technological degree and obtaining products with optimized properties; machine-building production should be integrated into transnational value chains and become more profitable.

Research of prospects of application of software environments of simulation modeling in the development and optimization of mechanical engineering production

The article presents the results of the market research of applied simulation programs from the point of view of the possibility and expediency of using the latter in the development or optimization of technological processes at domestic machine-building enterprises. The features of technological processes of mechanical engineering and aircraft construction at domestic enterprises are analyzed. The features of the production of metal-intensive products and semi-finished products are studied from the point of view of the feasibility of simulation modeling of these processes. The expediency of conducting simulation modeling of machine-building industries is determined, which provides adequate analysis results at minimal cost compared to other modeling methods. The main criteria for selecting a specific simulation software are defined.

Change Management is the Study of Investment Activities in Modern Engineering Enterprises

The article is devoted to the current topic of managing the investment activities of enterprises in a constantly changing market environment. The analysis of the economic conditions in which the domestic machine-building companies operate today is carried out, the influence of the main macroeconomic factors on their investment activity is determined. The main methodological approaches to the analysis of the effectiveness of the investment strategy of organizations have been investigated. Based on the calculation of the investment performance indicators of PrJSC "NKMZ" and PrJSC "KZVV", the main features of the behavior of companies using the strategy of the "leader" and the strategy of "follower" in the formation of the investment policy were determined.

TO THE HISTORY OF RENEWING THE PARK OF FREIGHT CARS OF THE STATE RAILWAYS OF UKRAINE (1918 – 1919)

The article attempts to investigate the historical circumstances of technological renewal of the fleet of freight cars of the state railways of Ukraine in 1918-1919. It is found that in conditions of political instability and deep economic crisis its sustainable operation. The need for coherence in the operation of railway transport was due to the aggravation of the final act of the First World War, which also affected the technical task of rolling stock in the context of its equipment with means of transporting troops. It is determined that against the background of limited available resources, domestic machine-building enterprises presented conceptual samples of biaxial covered freight cars of the NTV type, developed on the basis of all the requirements of the time, taking into account possible technical replacements of individual components. The reasons for the slowdown in the process of renewal of the rolling stock of state railways, as well as the general restoration of the transport industry of Hetman Ukraine in 1918-1919 are clarified. the latest examples of legendary monuments of domestic car building should be a priority for the revitalization of the technological heritage of railway transport of Ukraine. Further study of the topic requires clarification of a wide range of issues concerning the impact of these events on the restoration of the Soviet railway industry in the first half of the 1920s. The practical significance of the proposed study can be introduced into the development of the concept of restoration of historical rolling stock for the branch museum collection of Ukrainian railways. Key words: freight car, rolling stock, railways of Ukraine, industry, transport.