scholarly journals Intensitas Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang Pada Tanaman Lada (Piper nigrum L) Di Desa Batuah Kecamatan Loa Janan Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ni'matuljannah Akhsan ◽  
Albert Patangke
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
The Village ◽  
Pepper Plants

The Malonan-1 variety is a pepper plant originating from East Kalimantan which has become a national superior pepper. This pepper contains around 2,35% essential oil, oleoserin 11,23% and piperine 3,82% and tolerance to stem rot disease. Preliminary survey results in the village of Batuah, Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan, it was found that the stem rot disease in Malonan-1 pepper, therefore it is necessary to conduct research to find out how much the intensity of the stem rot disease at this time and identify fungi that cause stem rot rot disease in pepper plants. This research was conducted for 5 months starting from January to May 2019. The research location was in Batuah Village, Loa Janan Subdistrict, Kutai Kartanegara District and in the Plant Disease Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University. Research includes activities in the field and in the laboratory. The activity in the field is a direct survey of eight pepper farmer groups and calculating the intensity of the disease. Also carried out samples of symptomatic stem rot disease to be brought to the laboratory. Activities in the laboratory are the preparation of tools and materials to isolate samples of pepper plants. The isolated fungal colonies were purified and then idenfied and continued with Koch's postulate. The average intensity of stem rot disease at the current Lada plant in Batuah village is 14,58% (mild), the highest intensity in the Young Lada farmer group is 26,52% and the lowest intensity in the Beringin Jaya Farmer group is 4.3%. Based on the results of isolation, the root disease of the pepper plant (Piper nigrum L) in Batuah Village, Loa Janan District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency is Phytophthora capsici L. 

scholarly journals Identification of the Pathogen Causing Stem Blight Disease on Chili in Sindangjaya Village, Cipanas, Cianjur, West Java Based on Morphological and Molecular Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Wartono Wartono
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
West Java ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

<p>Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable commodity with high economic value which is widely cultivated by farmers in Indonesia. One of the obstacles faced in chili cultivation is stem rot disease. This study aimed to identify the pathogens that caused stem rot in chili plants obtained from one location in Sindangjaya Village, Cipanas District, Cianjur Regency, West Java Province based on morphological and molecular analyses. Pathogen identification was performed with morphological and molecular approaches. The morphological characters observed included colony shape, sporangium diameter, and mating type. The pathogenicity of the isolates was assayed by inoculating chili stems aged 40 days. Molecular identification was carried out using two pairs of primers for ITS regions and TEF-1 gene. Based on the results of morphological and molecular identification, as well as pathogenicity tests, it was confirmed that Phytophthora capsici pathogen was the causal agent of stem rot in chili plants collected from Sindangjaya Village. Further study is needed to determine the spread of the disease, damage, and yield loss caused by stem rot disease, as well as how to prevent and control the disease.</p>

scholarly journals PENYEBAB DAN SERANGGA VEKTOR PENYAKIT KERITING PADA TANAMAN LADA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
RODIAH BALFAS ◽  
SUPRIADI SUPRIADI ◽  
T. L. MARDININGSIH ◽  
ENDANG SUGANDI
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
Toxoptera Aurantii ◽  
Pepper Plants

The cause of stunting disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum) in Indonesia has not yet been confirmed cither due o a virus or mycoplaam. However, similar disease found on black pepper plants in the Southeast Asia is caused by Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMV) which is transmitted by Planococcus citri. This expeiments was aimed o examine the cause of the stunting disease and its insect vectors. The expeiment were conducted from October 1998 to May 2001. Diseased vegetative materials of black pepper plants showing stunting disease were collected from Sukamulya, Sukabumi. The potential insect vectors were collected from black pepper plants in Bogor, IP Sukamulya (Sukabumi), Lampung and Bangka. The insects were fed on the diseased plants obtained from Lampung, Bogor and IP Sukamulya, then transferred o the healthy plants. The healthy plants were produced rom true seeds and cutings oiginated rom Bogor and IP Sukamulya. The tested plants were incubated at the green house and examined for disease development. Diseased leaf samples collected rom black pepper plant rom IP. Sukamulya and the transmitted plants were sent to the University of Minnesota, USA for Ihe virus (PYMV) by using ISEM (immunosorbent electron microscope). The result snowed that the leaves samples rom IP. Sukamulya were infected by PYMV. The morphology and size of the virus were similar to those caused stunting disease in the South East Asia. Potential insects vectors found on the diseased black <br /><br />pepper plants were two mealybugs, P. minor and Ferrisia virgata (Hemiptera; Coccoidca: PaaidbcoccidaeX aa well as an aphid Toxoptera aurantii (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Aphididae). The first tial on disease transmission by using P. minor, previously reared on the potato tubers, showed one out of ten tested plants produced disease sympom. The subsequent trial using P minor, bred on healthy black pepper seedlings, showed thee out often tested plants developed disease symptoms. None of the aphid transmitted plants developed Ihe disease. This study confirmed thai PYMV b the cause of stunting disease on black pepper in IP Sukamulya and Lampung and P. minor as the insect vecor of the disease.<br /><br />

Virulence of Phytophthora isolates from Piper nigrum L. and their sensitivity to metalaxyl-mancozeb

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.B. Vinitha, M. Anandaraj and R. Suseela Bhai
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Highly Virulent

<p>Foot rot disease caused by <em>Phytophthora capsici</em> in black pepper is the most destructive disease. A total of 82 isolates from the National Repository of <em>Phytophthora</em> at ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research were evaluated for their sensitivity to metalaxylmancozeb and also tested for their virulence. Of the 82 isolates studied, 19 (23.2%) were highly sensitive to metalaxyl-mancozeb and six (7.3%) were comparatively insensitive (EC<sub>90</sub> value &gt;40 ppm; range 41.3 to 68.5 ppm). The isolates also varied in the degree of virulence, viz., 34 (41.5%) were highly virulent, 39 (47.6%) moderately virulent, 4 (3.7%) mildly virulent, and 5 (6.1%) non-virulent. There was neither any significant correlation between sensitivity to metalaxyl-mancozeb and virulence nor with the geographical location<strong>. </strong></p>

scholarly journals Aphrodisiac Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from the Fruits of Three Pepper Plants from Piperaceae Family

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Idha Kusumawati ◽  
Syailendra Mahatmaputra ◽  
Rohman Hadi ◽  
Rohmania Rohmania ◽  
Subhan Rullyansyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Entire Duration ◽  
The Family ◽  
Piper Retrofractum ◽  
Pepper Plants

Background: Pepper plants belong to the Piperaceae family with many pharmacological activities. The fruits of these plants have been widely used traditionally for various therapies, one of which is an aphrodisiac. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the aphrodisiac activity of the fruits of three pepper plants, Piper nigrum, Piper retrofractum, and Piper cubeba to prove their traditional use. Methods: The level of piperin, the active compound of plants from the family Piperaceae, was also determined in the ethanolic extract of those three fruits of the pepper plant. The aphrodisiac activity was determined by counting the number of introducing and mounting mice. The acute toxicity test of the extract was carried out according to the OECD-423 guidelines. Results: The ethanolic extract of Piper nigrum fruits had the highest piperin concentration, while the ethanolic extract of Piper retrofractum fruits had the highest aphrodisiac activity, according to the findings. During the entire duration of the acute toxicity study, no signs of toxicity or mortality were discovered.Conclusion: This study proves that all fruits of three species of pepper plants exhibit aphrodisiac activity. Furthermore, this study also shows that not only piperin is responsible for the aphrodisiac effect.

scholarly journals Potensi Cendawan Endofit sebagai Pengendali Hayati Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang (Phytophthora capsici) pada Bibit Cabai

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Evan Purnama Ramdan ◽  
Efi Toding Tondok ◽  
Suryo Wiyono ◽  
Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat ◽  
Widodo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Penicillium Strain

Stem rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is an important disease on chilli. Eight endophytic fungi that had been isolated and screened based on pathogenecity test were further tested for their potential as the biological control agent of the stem rot disease of chilli. The endophytic fungi suspension was applied twice during the trial. The first application was on 100 seed lot, by soaking them in 100 mL of suspension. The second application was on the 3 weeks-old chili seedlings by drenching them with 10 mL suspension per plant. The concentration of endophytic fungi  in the suspension was 2.8 × 106 cfu mL-1. The disease intensity and AUDPC value were measured for 4 weeks after the pathogen inoculation. The growth inhibition test of P. capsici  was performed in vitro and the colonization abilities of endophytic fungi were observed at 4 weeks-old chilli seedlings. Eight endophytic fungi  inhibited the growth of the P. capsici, and two of those isolates namely Penicillium strain MAG1 and Penicillium strain PAB2 showed antibiosis mechanism. Endophytic fungi has the ability more to colonize at the root (26–60%) than in the stem (20–40%). Fusarium strain MAGR1 has the highest level of endophytic colonization i.e. 60% compared to others.  Based on in vivo assay, six endophytic fungi isolates, i.e. Fusarium strain MAGR1, Penicillium strain MAG1, Penicillium strain PAB2, sterile hyphae HAJ1, sterile hyphae HAJ2, and  sterile hyphae PBG7, showed the potency to control stem rot disease with inhibition level of 25.5–35.5%

scholarly journals Karakteristik morfologi dan sebaran tipe kawin Phytophthora capsici asal lada di Pulau Jawa

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Bahru Rohmah ◽  
Bambang Hadisutrisno ◽  
Dyah Manohara ◽  
Achmadi Priyatmojo
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Special Region

Morphology characters and mating types distribution of Phytophthora capsici from black pepper in Java IslandPepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the most important spice crops in Indonesia.  Recently its production declining due to infection of foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici. This pathogen has two different mating types, namely A1 and A2, in which the presence of opposite two mating types is important for sexual reproduction and formation of oospores. The movement of pepper seedling from one area to another is highly facilitated alteration of  mating type distribution map of P. capsici. The objectives of this research were to determine the morphological characteristics and the spread of mating types of P. capsici in Java. Morphology characters of P. capsici isolates were indicated by variation in sporangial size and shape, as well as types of colony appearance. The length (l) and width (w) of sporangium were in the range of 15.1–76.2 µm and 9.8–44.8 µm, respectively; while the l/w ratio was 1.12–2.27. Mating type assay showed that A2 type was more dominantly found than A1 type. This study found two different mating types present in the same area, i.e. Regency of Pacitan (East Java) and Regency of Sleman (Special Region of Yogyakarta). The findings of this research suggested that it is required more strict control strategy on the mobilization of black pepper seedling particularly in the area where the certain mating type is not found yet so that the emergence of new more virulent genotype of pathogen can be prevented.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of photosynthesis in black pepper plants under different shade levels promoted by intercropping with rubber trees

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Góes Oliveira ◽  
Gleison Oliosi ◽  
Fábio Luiz Partelli ◽  
José Cochicho Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchanges ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Pepper Plants

ABSTRACT Plants of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) may display changes in their photosynthetic activity as a result of environmental seasonal changes. Intercropping with tree species may represent an alternative to mitigate the impacts of climatic changes on crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological responses of photosynthesis in black pepper plants under different shade levels promoted by intercropping with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg. The photosynthetic performance in black pepper along the day was evaluated under full sun and five shade levels. The resulted showed that variations positives in leaf gas exchanges were not exclusively dependent on the shade promoted by the distance in relation with the line of rubber trees in the field, but also fluctuate depending on the period of the day, the orientation (Northern or Southern), relating the line of trees and the season of the year. This study showed that shaded intercropped plants displayed some advantage in a few cases (black pepper plants located at 2 m, and 5 m between rubber trees, southern side) as regards the photosynthetic rate at midday and afternoon, and especially in summer, when compared to pepper plants cultivated in full sunlight condition, That would be likely related to the to the maintenance of somewhat lower temperature and higher relative humidity in the atmosphere close to the black pepper plant implying some advantage for such consortium system to mitigate the possible effects of future climate changes, like warming.

scholarly journals KORELASI ANTARA AGRESIVITAS INOKULUM SPORANGIA DENGAN TOKSISITAS FILTRAT Phytophthora capsici ASAL TANAMAN LADA (Piper nigrum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
CHAERANI CHAERANI ◽  
DYAH MANOHARA
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Moderately Resistant

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Penggunaan varietas lada tahan penyakit paling praktis dan efektif<br />untuk menekan serangan Phytophthora capsici, penyebab penyakit busuk<br />pangkal batang (BPB) lada, tetapi varietas lada tersebut belum tersedia.<br />Seleksi dini ketahanan lada dapat dilakukan di laboratorium menggunakan<br />inokulum sporangia atau filtrat biakan P. capsici. Tujuan penelitian ini<br />ialah membandingkan agresivitas inokulum sporangia dengan toksisitas<br />filtrat biakan (FB) P. capsici. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Juni sampai<br />September 2009 di laboratorium Biokimia BB Biogen dan Hama dan<br />Penyakit Balittro. Penelitian menggunakan 50 isolat P. capsici dari<br />berbagai daerah pertanaman lada yang diisolasi tahun 1982 sampai 2009.<br />Daun-daun lada yang diambil dari varietas Natar-1 (agak tahan terhadap P.<br />capsici) dan Petaling-1 (rentan terhadap P. capsici) diinokulasi dengan<br />potongan agar mengandung sporangia atau 20 µl FB P. capsici. Percobaan<br />dilakukan secara faktorial (2 varietas × 50 isolat) dengan rancangan acak<br />kelompok dan tiga ulangan. Derajat agresivitas isolat dan toksisitas FB<br />diukur berdasarkan luas bercak nekrotik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan<br />bahwa agresivitas inokulum sporangia dan toksisitas FB bervariasi antar<br />isolat P. capsici. Bercak nekrotik yang disebabkan oleh inokulum<br />sporangia lebih luas (0,0–2.535,2 mm 2 ) dibandingkan dengan FB (0,7–<br />233,0 mm 2 ). Derajat agresivitas isolat dan toksisitas FB sangat dipengaruhi<br />oleh asal isolat (P&lt;0,0001), tetapi tidak dipengaruhi oleh varietas dan<br />interaksi isolat×varietas (P&gt;0,05). Derajat ketahanan pada varietas tahan<br />Natar-1 diduga tidak berbasis genetik dan tidak berbeda nyata dari varietas<br />rentan Petaling-1 sehingga kedua metode seleksi ketahanan tidak dapat<br />dibedakan keefektifannya. Luas bercak nekrotik yang diinduksi oleh FB<br />tidak berkorelasi nyata dengan yang ditimbulkan oleh inokulum sporangia<br />(R 2 =0,002; P&gt;0,05), sehingga secara umum FB P. capsici tidak dapat<br />digunakan sebagai standar pengujian ketahanan lada. Oleh karena itu<br />masih perlu dikembangkan metode inokulasi yang konsisten untuk seleksi<br />dini ketahanan lada.<br />Kata kunci: lada, penyakit busuk pangkal batang, Phytophthora capsici,<br />agresivitas, filtrat biakan, seleksi dini</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Resistant varieties are the most practical and effective means to<br />control Phytophthora capsici, the pathogen of foot rot disease of black<br />pepper. However, no resistant cultivars are available. Early selection of<br />black pepper resistance can be performed in laboratory using P. capsici<br />inocula or culture filtrate. The objective of this study was to compare P.<br />capsici isolate aggressiveness with culture filtrate (CF) toxicity. The study<br />was conducted from June until September 2009 at the Biochemistry<br />Laboratory of the Indonesian Center for Agriculutral Biotechnology and<br />Genetic Resources Research and Development and the Plant Pest and<br />Disease Laboratory of the Indonesian Research Institute of Spice and<br />Medicinal Crops. The study used 50 P. capsici isolates collected from<br />various black pepper plantations during 1982 until 2009. Detached leaves<br />of two black pepper cultivars, i.e. moderately resistant cv. Natar-1 and<br />susceptible cv. Petaling-1, were inoculated with agar blocks containing<br />sporangia or 20 µl CF of P. capsici. The experiments were designed as<br />factorial experiments (2 cultivars × 50 isolates) under a randomized<br />completely block design. Isolate aggressiveness and CF toxicity were<br />measured based on the necrotic area of the inoculated leaves. The results<br />from the two inoculation methods showed varying levels of aggressiveness<br />and CF toxicity among isolates. Necrotic lesions incited by sporangial<br />inoculum were more extensive (0.0-2,535.2 mm 2 ) than those induced by<br />CF (0.7-233.0 mm 2 ). Degree of isolate aggressiveness and CF toxicity<br />were significantly affected by origins of isolate (P&lt;0.0001), but not by<br />cultivar and isolate×cultivar interaction (P&gt;0.05). Resistance degree in the<br />moderately resistant cv. Natar-1 was presumably not genetically based and<br />was not different to that in the susceptible cv. Petaling-1, and hence both<br />selecting agents were unable to discriminate resistance level between the<br />two cultivars. Necrotic sizes induced by CF did not well correlate with<br />those incited by sporangial inocula (R 2 =0.002; P&gt;0.05), indicating that CF<br />is generally not suitable to be used as early selection agent of resistant<br />plants. Therefore, further study is justified to find more reliable inoculation<br />method for early detection of resistant black pepper.<br />Key words: black pepper, foot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici,<br />aggressiveness, culture filtrate, early selection in laboratory</p>

scholarly journals Uji Pengaruh Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) Air Kelapa Dan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Urin Kambing Terhadap Pertumbuhan Setek Bibit Tanaman Lada (Piper Nigrum L) Varietas Malonan 1

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Kusriyanto Kusriyanto ◽  
Mahdalena Mahdalena ◽  
Hamidah Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pepper Plants

The aim of this study was to determine the best concentration of plant growth regulator (PGR) of coconut water and liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) of goat urine for the growth of cuttings of pepper plants, and to find out the interaction of PGR concentration of coconut water and liquid organic fertilizer of goat urine which is appropriate for the growth of cuttings of pepper plants. The study was conducted for 3 months, from September to November 2017. The study was conducted in Sungai Tempurung Village, Anggana District, Kutai Kertanegara Regency,                 East Kalimantan Province. The research design used was a 4 x 4 factorial randomized block design with                    3 replications. The first factor is the concentration of PGR of coconut water (a) consisting of 4 levels: a0 (control), a1 (150 ml / liter of water), a2 (250 ml / liter of water) and a3 (350 ml / liter of water). The second factor is the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer of goat urine (u) consists of 4 levels: u₀ ((control), u1 (100 ml / liter of water), u2 (200 ml / liter of water) and u3 (300 ml / liter of water). The concentration treatment of PGR of coconut water showed the results significantly affected the growth of cuttings of pepper plants. a3 treatment produced the highest average growth compared to treatments a0, a1 and a2. The treatment of liquid organic fertilizer of goat urine showed the results significantly affected the growth of cuttings of pepper plants. The u3 treatment produces the highest growth rate compared to treatments u0, u1 and u2. The interaction between concentration treatment of PGR of coconut water and liquid organic fertilizer of goat urine showed the results no significant effect on the growth of cuttings of pepper plants.  

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