scholarly journals Determination of Listeria monocytogenes and Serotypes in Modified Atmosphere Packed Ground and Cubed Beef Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Adem Özkiraz ◽  
Ali Gücükoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Hlya Gene

This study was conducted to determine the Listeria monocytogenes’s presence, serotypes and resistance against various antibiotics in modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) ground and cubed beef samples. Five of ground (5/50-10%) and 3 of cubed beef samples (3/50-6%) were identified as L. monocytogenes positive in MAP samples. Eleven L. monocytogenes isolates that obtained from samples being investigated in term of hlyA gene by PCR method have verified that this gene (100%). In serotyping results, 3 of 8 isolate that obtained from MAP ground beef samples were 1/2a, the other 3 isolate was 1/2b and the remaining 2 isolate was 4b. Also, 1 of 3 isolate that obtained from MAP cubed beef samples were 1/2b, the other one isolate was 1/2c and the last one was 4b. One isolate against (9%) ampicillin, 2 isolate against (18.2%) chloramphenicol, 3 isolate against (27.2%) erythromycin, 4 isolate against (36.3%) oxytetracycline and 4 isolate against (36.3%) penicillin G, 6 isolate against (54.5%) tetracycline and 3 isolate against (27.2%) vancomycin was resistant in 11 L. monocytogenes isolates that confirmed by PCR. The L. monocytogenes isolates were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics in antibiotic-resistance test results. In conclusion, applying of national residue monitoring program by official authority for prevention of intensive antibiotic use in order to prevent the development of resistant strains to antibiotics has great importance.

Enterotoxigenic and Antibiotic Resistance Determination of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Food Handlers in Gaborone, Botswana

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2764-2768 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL LOETO ◽  
M. I. MATSHEKA ◽  
B. A. GASHE
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Standards

The prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and enterotoxigenic potential of Staphylococcus aureus strains from different anatomical sites on food handlers in Gaborone, Botswana, were determined. Of a total of 200 food handlers tested, 115 (57.5%) were positive for S. aureus. Of the 204 S. aureus isolates, 63 (30.9%), 91 (44.6%), and 50 (24.5%) were isolated from the hand, nasal cavity, and face, respectively, and 43 (21%) of the isolates were enterotoxigenic. The most prevalent enterotoxin was type A, which accounted for 34.9% of all the enterotoxigenic strains, and enterotoxin D was produced by the fewest number of strains (9.3%). Resistance to methicillin was encountered in 33 (22.4%) of the penicillin G–resistant isolates, and 9 (27.3%) of these methicillin-resistant isolates also were resistant to vancomycin. Nineteen antibiotic resistance profiles were determined, and the nasal cavity had the highest diversity of resistance profiles. The nasal cavity also had the highest number of resistant strains, 77 (53%), whereas the hand and face had 49 (32%) and 24 (16.0%) resistant strains, respectively. To reduce the Staphylococcus carriage rate among food handlers, training coupled with a commitment to high standards of personal and environmental hygiene is recommended.

scholarly journals LAY USE OF AMAZONIAN PLANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine STOREY ◽  
Júlia Ignez SALEM
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Spilanthes Acmella ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Resistant Strains

The Brazilian State of Amazonas has a high incidence of Tuberculosis, 91.4 in 10,000 habitants (SESAU, 1994) and resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are frequently being found in the region (SALEM et.al, 1990). These problems have been associated with side effects caused by the antibiotics used to treat Tuberculosis, which have in rum been associated with treatment non-compliance (PATTISAPU, 1984). To resolve this problem a cost effective alternative treatment for Tuberculosis with few or no side effects, needs to be found. Amazonas has an abundance of plants, many of which are used by the lay population for medicinal purposes. A survey was carried out in five towns of the region, interviewing patients receiving treatment for Tuberculosis, to find out whether and which plants have been used to treat Tuberculosis. Results showed that the majority of patients in the sample had used medicinal plants before or after diagnosis of Tuberculoses. Thirteen different plants were recorded for this purpose. Chenopodium ambrosioides L, popularly known as Mastruz, was the most commonly used, followed by Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. Jucá and Spilanthes acmella DC. Jambu. This study concentrates on Mastruz as it was used more frequently than the other medicinal plants. No significant effects on baciloscopy test results were found when Mastruz was used before diagnosis. ln-vitro laboratory tests have also not shown any tuberculocidal effects for Mastruz. Further tests are being carried out on the other medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Parallux™ β-Lactam: A Capillary-Based Fluorescent Immunoassay for the Determination of Penicillin-G, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Cloxacillin, Cephapirin, and Ceftiofur in Bovine Milk

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey P Huth ◽  
Polly S Warholic ◽  
Jane M Devou ◽  
Larry K Chaney ◽  
Genevieve H Clark
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Glass Capillaries ◽  
Minimum Sensitivity ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Analytical System

Abstract An analytical system was developed for detection of antibiotic residues in bovine milk. The method is based on competitive fluorescent immunoassays in glass capillary tubes (U.S. Patent No. 5,624,850). The system consists of an assay cartridge containing 4 glass capillaries, a reagent tray with 4 wells of dried reagents, and a Parallux™ processor, which processes the assay, reads fluorescent output, and reports test results. Minimum sensitivity for detection of 6 β-lactam antibiotics in bovine milk was determined to be penicillin-G, 3.2 ppb; ampicillin, 2.9 ppb; amoxicillin, 3.6 ppb; cloxacillin, 7.4 ppb; cephapirin, 16.3 ppb; and ceftiofur, 33.7 ppb. The assay system was also specific and sensitive for detection of incurred residues at U.S. Food and Drug Administration tolerance levels: penicillin-G, 5 ppb; ampicillin, 10 ppb; amoxicillin, 10 ppb; cloxacillin, 10 ppb; cephapirin, 20 ppb; and ceftiofur, 50 ppb. There was no interference in detection of minimum sensitivity levels of antibiotic by the presence of somatic cells at approximately 1 × 106 cells/mL. Milk containing 3 × 106 cells/mL bacteria commonly found in mastitic milk also showed no interference when tolerance levels of antibiotic were present. There was no detectable interference on results by a wide variety of non-β-lactam drugs.

Noncompromised penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia CBA/J mouse model and comparative efficacies of antibiotics in this model.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1520-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Tateda ◽  
K Takashima ◽  
H Miyazaki ◽  
T Matsumoto ◽  
T Hatori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
The Other ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Calculated Dose ◽  
Resistant Strains

The present study confirms that CBA/J mice are susceptible to several clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including four of five penicillin-susceptible and all five penicillin-resistant strains tested, thus providing the first noncompromised animal model for penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae pneumonia. In this model, doses of penicillin G of 0.6 mg/kg of body weight given six times at 1-h intervals produced effective pulmonary clearance of a penicillin-susceptible strain (penicillin G MIC, 0.015 microgram/ml), while doses of 40 mg/kg given six times at 1-h intervals were required to clear a penicillin-resistant strain (penicillin G MIC, 1 microgram/ml). Imipenem (MIC, 0.25 microgram/ml) was the most active antibiotic tested against the penicillin-resistant strain, with a calculated dose of 0.42 mg/kg given six times at 1-h intervals, resulting in a 2-log decrease in the number of pulmonary bacteria. Comparable effects were seen with vancomycin (MIC, 0.5 microgram/ml), cefotaxime (MIC, 0.5 microgram/ml), and penicillin G at doses of 3.3, 5.5, and 31.0 mg/kg given six times at 1-h intervals, respectively. The pharmacokinetic profile of vancomycin in infected lungs was superior to those of the other antibiotics, especially in regard to the elimination half-life (215.4 min for vancomycin versus 15.0, 14.5, and 14.5 min for penicillin G, cefotaxime, and imipenem, respectively). Both imipenem and vancomycin allowed 90% survival when 40-mg/kg doses were administered twice a day beginning 5 days after infection. Survival rates with penicillin G (160-mg/kg doses) and cefotaxime (40-mg/kg doses) were 40 and 30%, respectively, while no saline-treated mice survived. The present study shows that the CBA/J mouse pneumonia model may be useful for evaluating antibiotic efficacies against penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia in immunocompetent individuals. Our data suggest that imipenem and vancomycin may be the most active agents against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae pneumonia.

scholarly journals Antipneumococcal Activity of Ertapenem (MK-0826) Compared to Those of Other Agents

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn A. Pankuch ◽  
Todd A. Davies ◽  
Michael R. Jacobs ◽  
Peter C. Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT The activities of ertapenem (MK-0826) and eight other agents against a range of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci were tested by determination of MICs by the microdilution method and by the time-kill methodology. For 125 penicillin-susceptible, 74 penicillin-intermediate, and 86 penicillin-resistant pneumococci, the MICs at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC50s) and MIC90s, as determined by the microdilution method, were as follows: for ertapenem, 0.016 and 0.03, 0.125 and 0.5, and 0.5 and 1.0 μg/ml for penicillin-susceptible, penicillin-intermediate, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci, respectively; for amoxicillin, ≤0.016 and 0.03, 0.25 and 1.0, and 2.0 and 2.0 μg/ml for penicillin-susceptible, penicillin-intermediate, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci, respectively; for cefprozil, 0.125 and 0.25, 1.0 and 8.0, and 16.0 and 16.0 μg/ml for penicillin-susceptible, penicillin-intermediate, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci, respectively; for cefepime, ≤0.016 and 0.06, 0.5 and 1.0, and 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml for penicillin-susceptible, penicillin-intermediate, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci, respectively; for ceftriaxone, ≤0.016 and 0.06, 0.25 and 1.0, and 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml for penicillin-susceptible, penicillin-intermediate, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci, respectively; for imipenem, ≤0.008 and ≤0.008, 0.03 and 0.25, and 0.25 and 0.25 μg/ml for penicillin-susceptible, penicillin-intermediate, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci, respectively; for meropenem, ≤0.008 and 0.016, 0.125 and 0.5, and 0.5 and 1.0 μg/ml for penicillin-susceptible, penicillin-intermediate, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci, respectively; and for clarithromycin, 1.0 and >32.0, 1.0 and >32.0, and >32.0 and >32.0 μg/ml for penicillin-susceptible, penicillin-intermediate, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci, respectively. For 64 strains for which quinolone MICs were increased (ciprofloxacin MICs, ≥4.0 μg/ml), the MIC90 of ertapenem was 1.0 μg/ml and the MIC90s of the other β-lactams tested and clarithromycin were >32.0 μg/ml. Against four penicillin-susceptible, four penicillin-intermediate, and four penicillin-resistant strains, testing by the time-kill methodology showed that ertapenem at two times the MIC was bacteriostatic (99% killing) after 12 h and bactericidal (99.9% killing) against all strains by 24 h, with 90% killing of all strains at two times the MIC after 6 h. At the MIC, ertapenem was bacteriostatic against all strains tested after 24 h. Although the bactericidal activity of imipenem at the MIC after 24 h was significantly greater than that of ertapenem, the kinetics of the two drugs at two times the MIC were similar after 24 h. The killing kinetics of clarithromycin were slower than those of ertapenem and other agents, with clarithromycin at two times the MIC having bactericidal activity against seven of eight macrolide-susceptible strains after 24 h.

scholarly journals Study of transgene expression in Triticum aestivum L. after Agrobacterium-mediated in planta transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
N. A. Zhalii ◽  
M. O. Bannikova ◽  
M. O. Plugatar ◽  
L. H. Velikozhon ◽  
A. M. Taranenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Genetic Construct ◽  
Pcr Method

Aim. Detection of sequences of target transgenes nptII and bar in the genome of probable transformants of bread winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. cultivars Zymoiarka and Podolianka obtained as a result of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in planta and determination of their expression level. Methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used independently and in combination with reverse transcription (RT-PCR), electrophoresis of DNA in agarose gel. Tolerance to the herbicide was evaluated in the physiological test. Results Through PCR analysis, the sequence of nptII transgene was detected in 30 samples of 145 analyzed, the frequency of transformation was 20.7 %. The sequence of the gene bar was observed in 85 experimental plants, and the frequency of transformation was 15.6 %. mRNAs of both transgenes were detected, indicating their transcriptional activity and stable expression. Conclusions PCR analysis allowed to detect nptII transgenic signal in 20.7 % of plants, while the presence of the bar gene was detected in 15.6 % of cases, indicating a higher efficiency of this genetic construct. The transcription is shown in all the specimens studied for both transgene. According to the results of the physiological test, 25 % of plants containing the gene bar showed resistance to the Basta® herbicide.Keywords: genetically modified organisms, transgenic plants, biotechnological cultures, bread winter wheat, genetic engineering.

scholarly journals Determination of sensitivity to antibiotics of Campilobacter jejuni and Campilobacter coli isolated from human feces

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Tambur ◽  
Biljana Miljkovic-Selimovic ◽  
Dubravko Bokonjic
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽  
Campylobacter Lari ◽  
Campylobacter Upsaliensis ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Background/Aim. One of the most important bacterial zoonosis is campylobacteriosis. Human disease is mostly caused by thermophilic Campylobacter spp: Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), Campylobacter coli (C. coli), Campylobacter lari (C. lari) and Campylobacter upsaliensis (C. upsaliensis). Campylobacteriosis is a mild and self-healing disorder. In patients with more severe and prolonged forms, an antibiotic treatment is recommended. Recommended drugs are erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracyclin, chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Lately, an increase of Campylobacter genus resistance to antibiotics mostly used in therapy is an annoying evidence. The rise coincided with the beginning of antibiotic use, especially quinolones, in veterinary medicine. The aim of the study was to isolate and identify thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from human feces and to determine their sensitivity to antibiotics and hemotherapeutics mostly used in campylobacteriosis treatment. Methods. Sensitivity to erythromycin, tetracyclin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin of 24 strains of Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans was investigated by E-test. Results. Seventeen C. jejuni and seven C. coli strains were investigated. Six (25%) out of 24 C. jejuni and C. coli investigated strains were resistant to ampicillin and seven (29.2%) were resistant to tetracycline. Twelve (50%) C. jejuni and C. coli investigated strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin. C. jejuni was more resistant (52.9%). Four (23.5%) C. jejuni strains were resistant to erythromycin and 11.7% to choramphenicol. None of C. coli strains were resistant to both chloramphenicol and erytromycin. Conclusons. Testing sensitivity to erythromycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin demonstrated a rather high resistance frequency of C. jejuni and C. coli strains isolated from humans. C. jejuni strains were more resistant than those of C. coli.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN INSENTIF TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA INDUSTRI KERAJINAN KULIT "KARYA PAHALA GROUP" DI MAGETAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrika Arliani
Keyword(s):  
Employee Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Performance Incentives ◽  
A Value ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Craft Industry ◽  
Positive Effect

This result  aims to determine  employee  incentive  marketing  in Leather  Craft Industry  "Karya  Pahala  Group"  in Magetan,  to determine  employee  performance   mar- keting  industry Leather  Craft "Karya  Pahala  Group"  in Magetan  and to investigate  the influence of incentives on employee performance  marketing  industry Leather Craft "Karya Pahala  Group"  in Magetan.  Determination   of the sample in this study using a sample that is saturated  all the existing  employees   in the leather  industry  "Karya  Pahala  Group"  in Magetan   totaling  45 employees.   Data  colJection  using  questionnaires   and documenta- tion. In the statistical  methods  used to analyze  data product  moment correlation  with the independent  variables  and variable  incentives  tied to performance.   To test the validity  of the research  hypothesis  regression  test was used to analyze  the data using SPSS for Win- dows  16.0. The results showed  that incentives have a positive effect as well as the perfor- mance  of employees  in the leather  industry  "Karya  Pahala  Group"  in Magetan.  It is de- rived from the value of the F test, the value of39.583   while Fcount  Ftable value of 4.067. On the other hand Sighit known  value of 0.000 and a value of 0.05 Sigprob.  This means that  Fcount  > Ftable  (> 4.067  39.583)  < Sighit  Sigprob  (0.000  Sigprob  < 0.05).  This means that in case of refusal H, which indicates  that there is influence  between employee performance   incentives  on leather  industry  "Karya  Pahala  Group"  in Magetan.  Besides the regression  coefficient  obtained  (t test) with  a value of 6.291  while  the value  tcount ttable of 1.681. On the other hand Sighit value of 0.000 and a value of 0.05 Sigprob. This means tcount>  ttable (6.291 > 1.681) or<  Sighit Sigprob (0.000 < 0.05). This means that in case of refusal H, indicating that incentives have a different influence on employee performance. In addition the results obtained from testing the validity of the value of r 'Y > 0.295 rtabel. This means that all the questions in the questionnaire incentive is valid. Besides reliability test results obtained from the value of Cronbach's Alpha of 0.785 and 0.760> 0.6. This means that the data collected reliable (trustworthy).

Cytochemical Studies of Cell Wall Biosynthesis in Staphylococcus Aureus

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Masaatsu Koike ◽  
Koichi Nakashima ◽  
Kyoko Iida
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Early Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Septal Wall ◽  
Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Cross Linkage

Penicillin exerts the activity to inhibit the peptide cross linkage between each polysaccharide backbone at the final stage of wall-peptidoglycan biosynthesis of bacteria. Morphologically, alterations of the septal wall and mesosome in gram-positive bacteria, which were occurred in early time after treatment with penicillin, have been observed. In this experiment, these alterations were cytochemically investigated by means of silver-methenamine staining after periodate oxidation, which is applied for detection of localization of wall mucopolysaccharide.Staphylococcus aureus strain 209P treated with 100 u/ml of penicillin G was divided into two aliquotes. One was fixed by Kellenberger-Ryter's OSO4 fixative at 30, 60 and 120 min after addition of the antibiotic, dehydrated through alcohol series, and embedded in Epon 812 (Specimen A). The other was fixed by 21 glutaraldehyde, dehydrated through glycolmethacrylate series and embedded in glycolmethacrylate mixture, according to Bernhard's method (Specimen B).

Determination of the lattice translation across {110} APBs in GaAs

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
D.R. Rasmussen ◽  
N.-H. Cho ◽  
C.B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Antiphase Boundary ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boundary Structure ◽  
Interface Plane ◽  
Inversion Symmetry ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Equilibrium Distance

Domains in GaAs can exist which are related to one another by the inversion symmetry, i.e., the sites of gallium and arsenic in one domain are interchanged in the other domain. The boundary between these two different domains is known as an antiphase boundary [1], In the terminology used to describe grain boundaries, the grains on either side of this boundary can be regarded as being Σ=1-related. For the {110} interface plane, in particular, there are equal numbers of GaGa and As-As anti-site bonds across the interface. The equilibrium distance between two atoms of the same kind crossing the boundary is expected to be different from the length of normal GaAs bonds in the bulk. Therefore, the relative position of each grain on either side of an APB may be translated such that the boundary can have a lower energy situation. This translation does not affect the perfect Σ=1 coincidence site relationship. Such a lattice translation is expected for all high-angle grain boundaries as a way of relaxation of the boundary structure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document