scholarly journals Influence of Bacteria Isolated from Different Ecological Zone of Turkey on Maize Growth and Nutrient Uptake

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Amer Abdulhadi Jawad ◽  
Ali Coşkan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Total N ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrients Uptake ◽  
Plant Nutrient Concentrations

The aim of this study was to find potential PGPR from sub-forest soil located different region soils of Turkey. Previous research indicated that the existing bacteria in arable soil are not capable to represent their individual performance most probably due to the competition. To overcome this phenomenon, soils are collected from sub-forest soil of Adana (Ad), Antalya (An), Hatay (Ha), Isparta (Is), Ordu (Or) and Sivas (Si) provinces. Experiment was carried out on the soil existing in Isparta in a greenhouse condition. Four fast growing bacteria colonies in tryptic soy (CASO) agar medium from each province were isolated and then, each isolate cultivated at liquid CASO broth until they reach 106 cfu ml-1. Experiments were carried out with a total of 24 bacteria including 6 province and 4 bacteria cultures from each region. The effects of those bacteria on biomass development and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays) were investigated. Sterile broth was applied treatment defined as control. The results revealed that 23 isolates out of 24 stimulated plants shoot dry weight. The highest value observed in the Or1 and Is4 isolates as 12.8 and 12.7 g plant-1 which around 77% higher than control whereas the lowest was in Or2 as 6.45 g plant-1. Plant nutrient concentrations were also influenced from inoculates where An1, Ad1, Or1, Is1 and Is3 significantly increased macro nutrients uptake where total N, available P, K, Ca and Mg were higher by 19%, 14%, 14%, 59% and 41% over the control, respectively. The Fe concentration was found 48% higher in Ad3 isolate. The Cu, Mn and Zn were the highest in Si3 as 43%, 30% and 31%, respectively. In general 4 out of 24 isolates were selected as promising PGPR for both plant development and nutrient uptake of maize.

Adaptation of Lupinus angustifolius L. and L. pilosus Murr. to calcareous soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Brand ◽  
C. Tang ◽  
A. J. Rathjen
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Caco3 Content

Current varieties of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupin angustifolius L.) are poorly adapted to alkaline and calcareous soils found commonly throughout the south-estern Australian cropping zone. Apot experiment compared the growth of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Gungurru with L. pilosus P20954 in a range of soils collected throughout South Australia. The soils displayed a range of texture (clay, 3–82%), pH (1:5 soil:H2O, 7·0–9·6), and calcium carbonate content (CaCO3, 0–47%). Potting mix (pH 5·8) was used as the control. The plants were grown for 7 weeks with weekly measurements of chlorosis score and leaf number. At harvest, dry weights were recorded and the youngest fully expanded leaves were analysed for nutrient concentrations. The line P20954 grew much better in all the soils than Gungurru in terms of plant dry weight relative to the control soil, this being particularly evident in the calcareous soils. Chlorosis score correlated highly with shoot dry weight for Gungurru, but not for P20954. The main soil factor contributing to the chlorosis score of Gungurru was CaCO3 content, whereas none of the soil factors significantly affected P20954, although in Weeks 2 and 3 chlorosis score correlated with CaCO3 content. The dry weight of Gungurru was affected by a combination of factors including clay content, pH, and CaCO3 content, whereas the dry weight of P20954 was affected by most of the soil factors measured. The dry weight of P20954 was positively correlated with aluminium and magnesium concentrations. Concentrations of all nutrients were above critical levels for both genotypes grown in all soils. The results indicate that L. pilosus has the potential to be grown in areas where current varieties of L. angustifolius are poorly adapted.

scholarly journals The Impact of Nickel Mining on Soil Properties and Growth of Two Fast-Growing Tropical Trees Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ricksy Prematuri ◽  
Maman Turjaman ◽  
Takumi Sato ◽  
Keitaro Tawaraya
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nickel Mining ◽  
The Impact

Opencast nickel mining is common in natural forests of Indonesia. However, rehabilitation of postmining degraded land is difficult. We investigated the effect of opencast nickel mining on soil chemical properties and the growth of two fast-growing tropical tree species, Falcataria moluccana and Albizia saman. Soil was collected from post-nickel mining land and a nearby natural forest. Soil pH, available phosphorus (P) concentration, total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration, C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Ni concentrations were determined. Falcataria moluccana and A. saman were then grown in the collected soils for 15 weeks in a greenhouse. Shoot height and shoot and root dry weights of the seedlings were measured. The post--nickel mining soils TN, TC, available P, CEC, and exchangeable Ca and Na concentrations decreased by 98%, 93%, 11%, 62%, 85%, and 74%, respectively, in comparison with the natural forest soils. The pH of postmining soil was higher than natural forest soil. Shoot dry weight of F. moluccana seedlings grown in postmining soil was significantly ( P < 0.05 ) lower than that of seedlings grown in natural forest soil. However, there was no difference in shoot dry weight between A. saman seedlings grown in natural forest soil and postmining soil, as well as root dry weights of both species. The results indicate that opencast nickel mining decreased soil fertility, which subsequently inhibited the growth of F. moluccana and A. saman seedlings.

scholarly journals Compost Feedstock and Compost Acidification Affect Growth and Mineral Nutrition in Northern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Costello ◽  
Dan M. Sullivan ◽  
David R. Bryla ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
James S. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Northern Highbush Blueberry

New markets for organic northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have stimulated interest in using composts specifically tailored to the plant’s edaphic requirements. Because composts are typically neutral to alkaline in pH (pH 7 to 8), and blueberry requires acidic soil (pH 4.2 to 5.5), we investigated elemental sulfur (S0) addition as a methodology for reducing compost pH. The objectives were to 1) characterize initial compost chemistry, including the pH buffering capacity of compost (acidity required to reduce pH to 5.0), 2) measure changes in compost chemistry accompanying acidification, and 3) evaluate plant growth and mineral nutrition of blueberry in soil amended with an untreated or acidified compost. Ten composts prepared from diverse feedstocks were obtained from municipalities and farms. Addition of finely ground S0 reduced compost pH from 7.2 to 5.3, on average, after 70 d at 22 °C, and increased the solubility of nutrients, including K (from 22 to 36 mmol(+)/L), Ca (from 5 to 19 mmol(+)/L), Mg (from 5 to 20 mmol(+)/L), and Na (from 6 to 9 mmol(+)/L). Sulfate-S, a product of S0 oxidation, also increased from 5 to 45 mmol(−)/L. The composts were incorporated into soil at a high rate (30% v/v) in a greenhouse trial to evaluate their suitability for use in blueberry production. Shoot and root growth were strongly affected by compost chemical characteristics, including pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Potassium in compost was highly variable (2–32 g·kg−1). Concentration of K in the leaves increased positively in response to compost K, whereas shoot dry weight and root growth declined. Leaf Mg also declined in response to compost K, suggesting that elevated K concentrations in compost may cause Mg deficiency. Composts with the highest K were also high in total N, pH, and EC. Compost acidification to pH ≤ 6 improved growth and increased leaf Mg concentration. On the basis of these results, composts derived from animal manures or young plant tissues (e.g., green leaves) appear to be unsuitable for high-rate applications to blueberry because they usually require high amounts of S0 for acidification and are often high in EC and K, whereas those derived from woody materials, such as local yard debris, appear promising based on their C:N ratio, compost acidification requirement, and EC.

scholarly journals 407 Nitrogen Retention and Release by Paper Pellets in the Bottom of Nursery Containers

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 463B-463
Author(s):  
J.O. Glenn ◽  
C.H. Gilliam ◽  
J.H. Edwards ◽  
G.J. Keever ◽  
J. Olive ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Total N ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrate N

Recycled paper pellets in the bottom of containers were evaluated for retention of N from container leachate. `Formosa' azalea were transplanted on 15 Apr. in 2.8-L containers in a pine bark/peat substrate (3:1; v/v). Treatments included paper (0 or 2.5 cm depth) in the bottom of containers and two rates of Osmocote 18–6–12 (0.68 kg or 1.36 kg N/yd3). Immediately after transplanting, plants were topdressed with 3.2 g of 12–4–6 fertilizer. Data collected included leachate samples every 2 weeks for NO3-N and NH4-N levels and destructive sampling every 4 weeks for shoot dry weight, foliar N, and total paper N. Nitrate-N and NH4-N leachate concentrations were reduced with the 0.68 kg N/yd3 fertilizer rate and with paper. For example, 28 days after planting (DAP) NO3-N leachate concentrations were reduced 36% with the 0.68 kg N/yd3 fertilizer rate and 46% with paper in the bottom of containers. NH4-N in the leachates was reduced 53% with the 0.68 kg N/yd3 fertilizer rate and 59% with paper. Azalea shoot dry weight was not affected by paper or fertilizer rate up to 112 DAP; however, as the study progressed, plants with paper in the bottom of containers grew larger than plants in no paper treatments (29% at 168 DAP, 31% at 196 DAP). Total N absorbed by paper was not affected by fertilizer rate, and peaked at 168 DAP [980 (0.68 kg N/yd3) to 1066 (1.36 kg N/yd3) mg per container, or 41% – 28% of applied N], after which it began to decline. This decline in paper N was associated with greater growth of azalea with paper.

scholarly journals Fertilizer, Irrigation, and Natural Ericaceous Root and Soil Inoculum (NERS): Effects on Container-grown Ericaceous Nursery Crop Biomass, Tissue Nutrient Concentration, and Leachate Nutrient Quality

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladis M. Zinati ◽  
John Dighton ◽  
Arend-Jan Both
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Substrate Medium

We tested the effects of using an inoculum containing natural ericoid roots and soil (NERS) with two fertilizer and irrigation rates on plant growth, shoot (stems and leaves) nutrient concentration, leachate quality, and mycorrhizal colonization of container-grown Coast Leucothoe [Leucothoe axillaris (Lam.) D. Don] and Japanese Pieris [Pieris japonica (Thunb.) D. Don ex G. Don]. Uniform rooted liners were grown in 10.8-L containers in a pine bark, peatmoss, and sand (8:1:1 by volume) substrate medium in a randomized complete block design with four replications. A controlled-release fertilizer, Polyon® Plus 14-16-8 (14N–7P–6.6K), was incorporated in the substrate medium at the 100% manufacturer's recommended fertilizer rate [representing high fertilizer rate (HF)] (56 g per container) to supply 7.84 g nitrogen (N) and at 50% the manufacturer's recommended rate [representing low fertilizer rate (LF)]. Plants were irrigated using a cyclic drip irrigation system at high (HI) and low (LI) irrigation rates calibrated to supply 25.2 L of water and 16.8 L per week, respectively. On average, NERS inoculation increased shoot growth of Leucothoe and Pieris by 56% and 60%, respectively. Shoots of Leucothoe inoculated with NERS had higher N, phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) concentrations than non-inoculated plants. At LF, nitrous-N (NOx-N) and orthophosphorus (PO4-P) concentrations in the leachate were reduced by 53% from Leucothoe and 62% from Pieris compared with HF-treated plants. A reduction of 37% and 36% in PO4-P concentration in leachates from Leucothoe and Pieris, respectively, were achieved at the reduced irrigation (LI) rate. The NERS inoculation reduced PO4-P concentrations in leachate from Leucothoe by 26% and NOx-N concentration by 33% in leachates from Pieris compared with non-inoculated plants. Compared with plants grown in the HI–HF treatment, the combination of LI–LF treatment reduced NOx-N concentrations in leachates from Leucothoe by 60% (P = 0.016) and reduced PO4-P leachate concentrations from Pieris by 72% (P = 0.0096). Decreasing the fertilizer rate to 50% of the recommended rate and the irrigation rate to 67% of the recommended rate in conjunction with the incorporation of NERS reduced leachate nutrient concentrations of two main water pollutants (NOx-N and PO4-P). Adopting the practice of adding NERS containing fungi and bacteria can be an effective system to increase shoot dry weight, allow reduction in fertilizer application, conserve water for irrigation, and minimize subsequent nutrient runoff in nursery operations.

scholarly journals Steel Slag Raises pH of Greenhouse Substrates

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Altland ◽  
James C. Locke ◽  
Wendy L. Zellner ◽  
Jennifer K. Boldt
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Ph Response ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Foliar Concentration ◽  
Substrate Ph

Dolomitic lime (DL) is the primary liming agent used for increasing pH in peatmoss-based substrates. Steel slag (SS) is a byproduct of the steel manufacturing industry that has been used to elevate field soil pH. The objective of this research was to determine the pH response of a peatmoss-based greenhouse substrate to varying rates of DL or SS. Two experiments were conducted with an 85 peatmoss : 15 perlite substrate. In the first experiment, the substrate was amended with 0, 2.4, 4.8, or 7.1 kg·m−3 of either DL or SS. Half of the containers remained fallow and the other half were potted with a single sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ‘Pacino Gold’). In the second experiment, fallow containers were only used with the substrate amended with 0, 2.4, 4.8, 9.5, or 14.2 kg·m−3 DL or SS. Sunflower were measured for relative foliar chlorophyll content, shoot mass, root ratings, and foliar nutrient concentrations. Substrate electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were measured weekly using the pour-through procedure. All sunflower plants grew vigorously, although nonamended controls had less shoot dry weight than those amended with DL or SS. There were minor differences in foliar concentration of N, Ca, Mg, and Mn; however, these differences did not adversely affect plant growth. Summarizing across both experiments, EC was affected by treatment and time, although all substrates had EC readings within the range recommended for floriculture crop production (1.0–4.6 mS⋅cm−1). Substrate pH differed slightly in Expt. 1 between fallow and planted containers. Substrate pH increased exponentially with increasing rates of either DL or SS. Maximum pH in fallow DL and SS amended substrates was 6.57 and 6.93, respectively, in Expt. 1 and 6.85 and 7.67, respectively, in Expt. 2. The SS used in this experiment resulted in a greater pH response than DL with higher application rates. SS is a viable material for raising pH of soilless substrates.

scholarly journals Effects of Cyclic Micro-irrigation and Substrate in Pot-in-pot Production

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Ken M. Tilt ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Harry G. Ponder ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Total N ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Application Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Micro Irrigation ◽  
Large Container

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate production techniques for increasing irrigation application efficiency [(water volume applied − water volume leached) / water volume applied] for large container trees. Three irrigation treatments (single, three cycle and six cycle) and three substrate treatments [pinebark, pinebark:coir (4:1 by vol), and pinebark:peat (4:1 by vol)] were evaluated for effects on irrigation application efficiency and growth of Acer rubrum ‘Franksred’ in a pot-in-pot production system in Auburn, AL. Substrate pH, electrical conductivity and leachate total inorganic nitrogen (N) content were measured. Cyclic irrigation reduced total N lost by a minimum of 89% when compared to a single irrigation application. Irrigation application efficiency increased with cyclic irrigation compared to a single irrigation application and for the pinebark: coir substrate compared to the pinebark. Growth was greater when irrigation was applied in six cycles than in a single irrigation application. Trees grown in pinebark: peat substrate had greater shoot dry weight than those grown in the pinebark substrate.

scholarly journals Influence of fungicide seed treatment on soybean nodulation and grain yield

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerri Édson Zilli ◽  
Karen Gonçalves Ribeiro ◽  
Rubens José Campo ◽  
Mariangela Hungria
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Biological N2 Fixation ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Soybean Nodulation

Biological N2 fixation is a major factor contributing to the increased competitiveness of Brazilian soybeans on the international market. However, the contribution of this process may be limited by adverse conditions to symbiotic bacteria, such as fungicide seed treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the fungicides carbendazim + thiram and carboxin + thiram on soybean nodulation, plant growth and grain yield. Two field experiments were carried out in the Cerrado region of the State of Roraima, in a soil with a low organic matter content and no soybean bradyrhizobia. In 2005, seeds were treated with fungicide carbendazim + thiram and commercial inoculants containing the Bradyrhizobium elkanii strains SEMIA 5019 and SEMIA 587 and B. japonicum strains SEMIA 5079 and SEMIA 5080. In 2006, soybean seeds were treated with the fungicides carbendazim + thiram or carboxin + thiram and inoculated separately with each one of the four strains. The plants were evaluated for number of nodules and dry weight, shoot dry weight and total N accumulated in shoots 35 days after plant emergence, while grain yield and N grain content were determined at harvest. Both fungicides reduced soybean nodulation, especially in the presence of B. elkanii strains. The fungicide carbendazim + thiram reduced nodulation by about 50 % and grain yield by more than 20 % (about 700 kg ha-1), in the treatment inoculated with of strain SEMIA 587.

Short-term effects of soil compaction on growth of Pinuscontorta seedlings

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S.S. Conlin ◽  
R. van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Compaction Rate ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance ◽  
Water Tables

A growth chamber experiment was conducted with Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm. seedlings grown in soil compacted at 0.1, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 MPa pressure. Three moisture regimes were applied factorially to compaction levels by watering from above or by maintaining 2- or 10-cm water tables at the base of the 40-cm soil columns. All treatments were grown at either 22:14 °C or 26:18 °C (light:dark) for 13 weeks. Soil compaction increased bulk density, penetrometer resistance, and soil CO2 and ethylene. The presence of water tables resulted in elevated soil gravimetric water content, which rose with increased compaction and resulted in reduced penetrometer resistance and soil O2. Increased compaction was associated with decreased needle lengths, root dry weights, and net photosynthesis and increased rates of shoot respiration. Compaction had a small effect on height growth, with the tallest seedlings occurring at the greatest compaction rate. Shoot concentrations of mineral nutrients also decreased as soil compaction increased. Within the water table treatments, increased gravimetric soil water content was generally paralleled by a rise in the negative effects of compaction on growth, root/shoot dry weight ratios, and shoot mineral nutrient concentrations.

scholarly journals Effects of boron and vermicompost on growth, yield and nutrient content of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
KS Nawrin ◽  
MJ Uddin ◽  
AHMZ Ali ◽  
MK Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Total P

The effects of boron (B) and vermicompost (VC) on growth and yield of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) and nutrient accumulation in its fruits was examined. The highest plant height (22 cm), leaf number per plant (73), leaf area (502.53 cm2/plant), dry weight (22.27g/plant), fruit length (8.97cm), fruit number per plant (6), fruit yield (11.76 g/plant) were recorded in B0.5 kg/ha + VC5 ton/ha at harvest. The results of growth and yield of Chilli varied significantly (p<0.05) and increased with time. The total nutrient concentrations in the fruits were measured and varied significantly (p<0.05). The highest concentration of total P (0.028 %), K (2.50%), S (0.20 %), Cu (8.0 mg/kg), Fe (410 mg/kg) and Mn (0.80 mg/kg) in the fruit were observed in B0.5 kg/ha +VC5 ton/ha treatment and total N (0.41 %) and Zn (3.50 mg/kg) were found in B1.5 kg/ha + VC5 ton/ha treatment. The overall best growth, yield and nutrient accumulation in the fruits of Chilli was achieved in B0.5 kg/ha + VC5 t/ha treatment. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2020, 6(1): 31-36

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