scholarly journals Using Swimming Speed as an Indicator of Malformation: A Practical Approach for Identification and Removal of Juvenile Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) with Skeletal Deformity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1480-1484
Author(s):  
Ali Yıldırım Korkut ◽  
Tolga Mustafa Tolon ◽  
Kutsal Gamsız ◽  
Aysun Kop
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Skeletal Deformity ◽  
Mechanical Removal

Skeletal abnormalities in farmed fish are one of the main problems that negatively affect the production enterprises in terms of economic, biological and animal health. Fish with skeletal deformities in hatcheries are considered as non-economic individuals and are therefore detected and removed manually from the production tanks, which is a time consuming and laborious work for the facilities. Since the formation of abnormalities in the skeletal structure of the fish during the early growth period cause reduced swimming ability or speed that prevent fish to compete during feeding. Further, since deformed fish has no market value, even the share of a small amount of feed among deformed fish will reduce the feed conversion for the market targeted individuals within the culture tank that in terms may increase the production cost per fish. Therefore, in culture conditions it is important to remove the deformed fish from the tank environment by quickly determining those fellows at the early stage of growth. The present study evaluates the effects of water velocity on swimming behavior of juvenile seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and provides a solution for a rapid identification -and mechanical removal of deformed fish from the culture environment by using swimming speed slowdown -and behavioral differences as an indicator of deformation.

scholarly journals Animal Protein Sources as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Aquaculture Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3854
Author(s):  
Rendani Luthada-Raswiswi ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa ◽  
Gordon O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
By Products

Fishmeal is the main source of dietary protein for most commercially farmed fish species. However, fishmeal prices have been raised even further because of competition with domestic animals, shortage in world fishmeal supply, and increased demand. Increased fishmeal prices have contributed to the quest for alternatives necessary to replace fishmeal as a global research priority. A literature search was conducted using these terms on Google Scholar and EBSCOhost; fishmeal replacement in fish feeds, fishmeal alternatives in fish feeds, animal protein sources in aquaculture, insects in fish feeds, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products. To calculate the variation between experiments, a random effect model was used. Results indicated that different fish species, sizes, and inclusion levels were used in the various studies and showed that the use of insects, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products has some limitations. Despite these drawbacks, the use of animal protein sources as a replacement for fishmeal in fish diets has had a positive impact on the feed conversion ratio, variable growth rate, final weight, and survival rate of different types of fish species of different size groups. Findings also showed that some animal by-products had not been assessed as a protein source in aquaculture or animal feeds, and future studies are recommended.

scholarly journals Role of probiotics in nutrition and health of small ruminants

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Abd El-Tawab ◽  
I.M.I. Youssef ◽  
H.A. Bakr ◽  
G.C. Fthenakis ◽  
N.D. Giadinis
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Research On Application

AbstractSmall ruminants represent an important economic source in small farm systems and agriculture. Feed is the main component of livestock farming, which has gained special attention to improve animal performance. Many studies have been done to improve feed utilisation through addition of feed additives. For a long period, antibiotics have been widely used as growth promoters in livestock diets. Due to their ban in many countries, search for alternative feed additives has been intensified. Probiotics are one of these alternatives recognised to be safe to the animals. Use of probiotics in small ruminant nutrition has been confirmed to improve animal health, productivity and immunity. Probiotics improved growth performance through enhancing of rumen microbial ecosystem, nutrient digestibility and feed conversion rate. Moreover, probiotics have been reported to stabilise rumen pH, increase volatile fatty acids production and to stimulate lactic acid utilising protozoa, resulting in a highly efficient rumen function. Furthermore, use of probiotics has been found to increase milk production and can reduce incidence of neonatal diarrhea and mortality. However, actual mechanisms through which probiotics exert these functions are not known. Since research on application of probiotics in small ruminants is scarce, the present review attempts to discuss the potential roles of this class of feed additives on productive performance and health status of these animals.

scholarly journals Administration of a Polyphenol-Enriched Feed to Farmed Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labraxL.) Modulates Intestinal and Spleen Immune Responses

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Magrone ◽  
Sergio Fontana ◽  
Flavia Laforgia ◽  
Teresa Dragone ◽  
Emilio Jirillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Environmental Agents ◽  
Response Increase ◽  
Red Grape

Farmed fish are exposed to a continuous antigenic pressure by microbial and environmental agents, which may lead to a condition of chronic inflammation. In view of the notion that polyphenols, largely contained in fruits and vegetables, are endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labraxL.) have been administered with red grape polyphenol-enriched feed. Polyphenols were extracted from the seeds ofCanosinaNero di TroiaVitis viniferaand mixed with conventional feed at two different concentrations (100 and 200 mg/kg, resp.). Fish samples collected at days 223 and 273, respectively, were evaluated for intestinal and spleen cytokine release as well as for spleen macrophage (MØ) and melanomacrophage center (MMC) areas and distribution. Data will show that in treated fish decrease of intestinal interleukin- (IL-) 1βand IL-6 and increase of splenic interferon- (IFN-)γoccur. On the other hand, in the spleen reduction of MØ number seems to parallel increase in MMCs. Collectively, these data suggest that polyphenol-administered sea bass generate lower levels of intestinal proinflammatory cytokines, while producing larger amounts of spleen IFN-γ, as an expression of a robust and protective adaptive immune response. Increase of MMCs corroborates the evidence for a protective spleen response induced by feed enriched with polyphenols.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anisakis Larvae in Different Fish Species in Southern Albania: Five-Year Monitoring (2016–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11528
Author(s):  
Enkeleda Ozuni ◽  
Ani Vodica ◽  
Marta Castrica ◽  
Gabriele Brecchia ◽  
Giulio Curone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Coelomic Cavity ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Negative Results

Anisakidae are nematodes that commonly parasitize in the coelomic cavity and viscera of several fish species. They can be found in flesh, which is why they have an important economic and public health impact. The aim of the current work was to assess the presence and prevalence of Anisakis larvae in fish species caught in the coastal area of the Karaburun Peninsula in Vlora Bay (Albania). A total of 856 of wild teleosts and 219 specimens of farmed fish were collected over a 5-year period (from 2016 to 2020). The results showed that out of a total of 1075 analyzed samples, 361 (33.58%) were parasitized with L3 larvae. In particular, only Solea vulgaris returned negative results, while Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax, and Sardinella aurita showed the lowest prevalence (4.55%, 9.17%, and 10.53%, respectively) and mean abundance (0.84, 1.19, and 0.92, respectively). Conversely, Scomber japonicus and Scomber scombrus showed the highest prevalence (74.07% and 68.00%, respectively) and mean abundance (188.24 and 249.82, respectively). The data suggest that the coastal area of the Karaburun Peninsula (southern Albania) may be a high-risk area for zoonotic diseases, and the consumption of raw or undercooked fish caught in the Vlora district could result in the acquisition of human anisakiasis. For these reasons, it is necessary to improve the surveillance plan.

scholarly journals Sheep Digestive Physiology and Constituents of Feeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Medjekal ◽  
Mouloud Ghadbane
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
The Common

Sheep have a gastrointestinal tract similar to that of other ruminants. Their stomach is made up of four digestive organs: the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum and the abomasum. The rumen plays a role in storing ingested foods, which are fermented by a complex anaerobic rumen microbiota population with different types of interactions, positive or negative, that can occur between their microbial populations. Sheep feeding is largely based on the use of natural or cultivated fodder, which is exploited in green by grazing during the growth period of the grass and in the form of fodder preserved during the winter period. Ruminant foods are essentially of plant origin, and their constituents belong to two types of structures: intracellular constituents and cell wall components. Cellular carbohydrates play a role of metabolites or energy reserves; soluble carbohydrates account for less than 10% dry matter (DM) of foods. The plant cell wall is multi-layered and consists of primary wall and secondary wall. Fundamentally, the walls are deposited at an early stage of growth. A central blade forms the common boundary layer between two adjacent cells and occupies the location of the cell plate. Most of the plant cell walls consist of polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose and pectic substances) and lignin, these constituents being highly polymerized, as well as proteins and tannins.

scholarly journals Effects of including autolyzed yeast in the finishing of feedlot steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2471-2488
Author(s):  
Giovanna Bobato Pontarolo ◽  
◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Fernando Braga Cristo ◽  
Edelmir Silvio Stadler Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feedlot Steers

Functional additives, such as autolyzed yeasts, have been used to achieve greater production efficiency and animal health. These compounds are also alternatives to the use of performance-enhancing antimicrobials. The objective was to evaluate the productive performance, ingestive behavior, apparent digestibility of feed DM and the carcass characteristics of beef steers finished in feedlot receiving autolyzed yeasts in the diet. The experimental design was randomized blocks, consisting of three treatments and six repetitions, where each repetition was represented by a stall with two animals. 36 bulls, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore blood, from the same herd, with an average age of 11 months and an average body weight of ± 330 kg were used.The treatments were as follows: CON - yeast-free diet; Y4 - yeast diet (4 g animal day-1) and Y7 - yeast diet (7 g animal day-1). The product used is a functional ingredient containing the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The inclusion of autolyzed yeasts resulted in greater daily body weight gain and better feed conversion in the initial feedlot phase. The apparent digestibility of DM of diets containing autolyzed yeast was superior to the control diet, and its use did not interfere with the animal ingestive behavior. Supplementation with autolyzed yeasts at the inclusion level of 4 g day-1 promoted better results in the finishing of feedlot steers, and that the supplemented groups (4 g animal day-1 and 7 g animal day-1) achieved the same degree of carcass finishing, higher than the control group.

scholarly journals Host-Parasite Interaction between Parasitic Cymothoid Ceratothoa oestroides and Its Host, Farmed European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Ivona Mladineo ◽  
Jerko Hrabar ◽  
Olja Vidjak ◽  
Ivana Bočina ◽  
Slavica Čolak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Host Tissues

Parasitic isopod Ceratothoa oestroides (Cymothoidea, Isopoda) is a common and generalist buccal cavity-dweller in marine fish, recognised for its detrimental effect in fingerling and juvenile farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Although distributed throughout the Mediterranean, the isopod provokes acute outbreaks mainly limited to particular endemic areas in Croatia (Adriatic Sea) and Greece (Aegean Sea). While numerous studies have previously evidenced its gross effect on farmed fish (i.e. decreased condition index, slower growth rate, lethargy and mortality), details on the host-parasite interaction are still lacking. Therefore, using a multimethodological approach, we closely examined the structure and appearance of isopod body parts acting in the attachment and feeding (stereomicroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy), and the extent of host tissues damage (histology, immunohistochemistry, micro-computational tomography) induced by parasitation. Interestingly, while hematophagous nature of the parasite has been previously postulated we found no unambiguous data to support this; we observed host tissues fragmentation and extensive hyperplasia at the parasitation site, and no structures indicative of heme detoxifying mechanisms in the parasite gut, or other traces of a blood meal. The bacterial biofilm covering C. oestroides mouthparts and pereopods suggests that the isopod may play a role in conveying secondary pathogens to the infected host, or alternatively, it serves the parasite in normal interaction with its environment.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Breeders With Different Egg Laying Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengqiao Yang ◽  
Chunhua Zhang ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Pietro Celi ◽  
Xuemei Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Ovary Cell ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota

The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining animal health, immunity and reproductive performances. However, literature about the relationship between microbiota and reproductive performance is limited. The aim of the present study was to determine differences in the intestinal microbiota of broiler breeders with different egg laying rate. A total of 200 AA+ parent broiler breeders (41-week-old) were separated into two groups according to their different egg laying rate [average egg laying rate group (AR: 78.57 ± 0.20%) and high egg laying rate group (HR: 90.79 ± 0.43%). Feed conversion ratio (FCR), ovary cell apoptosis rate (ApoCR) and relative abdominal fat weight were lower (p = 0.01), while the hatchability rate of qualified egg was higher (p = 0.04) in HR group than that in AR group. Phascolarctobacterium abundance were lower (p = 0.012) in ileum of HR birds. Romboutsia (genus) in ileum was negatively related to the feed efficiency (r = −0.58, p < 0.05), Firmicutes (phylum) and Lactobacillus (genus) abundances in cecum were positively related to the egg laying rate (ELR) (r = 0.35 and 0.48, p < 0.05), feed efficiency (r = 0.42 and 0.43, p < 0.05), while Spirochaetes (phylum) and Sphaerochaeta (genus) abundances in cecum were negatively related to the ELR (r = −0.43 and −0.70, p < 0.05), feed efficiency (r = 0.54 and 0.48, p < 0.05), and positively related to ApoCR (r = 0.46 and 0.47, p < 0.05). Our results suggested that microbiota, such as Firmicutes (phylum) and Lactobacillus (genus) have positive relationship, while Spirochaetes (phylum) and Romboutsia (genus) abundances exert negative relationship with broiler breeders' reproductive performances.

The influence of nocturnal vs. diurnal feeding under winter conditions on growth and feed conversion of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.)

Aquaculture ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Azzaydi ◽  
F.J Martı́nez ◽  
S Zamora ◽  
F.J Sánchez-Vázquez ◽  
J.A Madrid
Keyword(s):  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Winter Conditions

scholarly journals Occurrence of Fungi and Mycotoxins in Fish Feeds and Their Impact on Fish Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Marijani ◽  
Emmanuel Kigadye ◽  
Sheila Okoth
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi

The rapid population growth in developing countries has led to strong pressure on capture fisheries. However, capture fisheries have reached their maximal limits of fish production and are supplemented by farmed fish. The growth in aquaculture has led to high demand for fish feeds, which play a very important role in fish nutrition and health. Use of animal protein in fish feeds is expensive; hence, a majority of farmers from developing countries use local feed ingredients from plant origin as a source of dietary protein. However, these ingredients of plant origin provide the best natural substrates for fungi, which can be easily accompanied by mycotoxin development under suitable conditions. The locally made feed comprises ingredients such as soybeans, cottonseed cake, and wheat and maize bran which are mixed together and ground after which the compounded feed is pelleted and stored. Among the ingredients, maize and oilseeds are more susceptible for mycotoxigenic fungi compared to other ingredients. The outcomes of mycotoxin contamination in fish feeds are not different from other animal species intended for human consumption, and they are directly associated with production losses, particularly decreased weight gain and feed conversion, impaired immune system and reproductive performance, and increased fish mortality. Fish may also carry mycotoxin residues along the food chain, thus compromising human health. Hence, it is important to ensure the control of mycotoxin contamination in fish feeds, especially during the production and storage.

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