scholarly journals Problematika Nafkah Mantan Isteri Pasca Perceraian

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Musa Aripin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Legal Marriage ◽  
Husband And Wife

Marriage is a sacred thing, that is not just getting legal status, but also various consequences as a result of the engagement ('aqad) to be woven. In a legal marriage, it is mandatory for the husband to provide a living for his wife and submit accordingly. But the reality that occurs in the community, not infrequently husband and wife relations lead to divorce, which then raises new problems, namely the granting of rights in the form of livelihood. The provision of this income is related to the time limit for living, the deadline is the difference between Asghar Ali Engineer and the opinion of the majority of scholars

scholarly journals Surrogate Mother Agreement and the Effect on Children's Status Born

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-324
Author(s):  
Filda Achmad Al Yadainy
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Fertilization In Vitro ◽  
Surrogate Mother ◽  
Fourth Condition ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legal Marriage ◽  
Husband And Wife

That surrogate mother is one of the IVF techniques (fertilization in vitro), the seeds must come from the husband and wife pair and then put in the womb of another woman. After the child is born another woman is obliged to give the child to a married couple who ordered the agreed agreement. In this research, the author aims to find out how the validity of the agreement surrogate mother and what is the legal status of children born from agreements surrogate mother. Agreement is asomething that someone or some people commit themselves to someone or some people who tie themselves to others, and while Legitimate children are children born in or due to a legal marriage. The theory used (statue approach) by examining all regulatory laws. Results of research on the validity of the agreement surrogate mother, the agreement is invalid because it is based on the fourth condition in terms of the validity of an agreement Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata that is, due to "the existence of halal reasons" and as for the status of the child from the status of the child who was born that the child is the child of a surrogate who already conceived and gave birth to her.

scholarly journals REKONSTRUKSI HUKUM PERKAWINAN DIBAWAH TANGAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIQH BERDASARKAN NILAI KEMASLAHATAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Munasir Munasir
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Law ◽  
Islamic Marriage ◽  
Legal Marriage ◽  
Husband And Wife ◽  
Marital Law

Marriage is a physically and mentally bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the intention of forming a family or household happy and everlasting based on God. The dualism of the legal status of Islam in Indonesian society marriage is a problem that must be solved with emphasis on the value of the benefit. Methods used normative juridical method, this study sought to find out whether the law to be applied in order to solve a particular problem, in other words, normative juridical approach is the approach that examines the law asthe norm. The results obtained are 1. that the marriage Construction under the hand according to Islamic jurisprudence Islamic marriage between husband and wife with Moslem or nonMoslem with a harmonious marriage include the willingness and consent qobul. Marriage is said to be valid if carried out in accordance with Islamic fiqh with the five pillars of marriage,namely a) Approval of the bride and groom, b) Mayor of marriage, c) Two witnesses, d) Ijab qobul and d) Mahar. And reconstruction of marital law under the hand in the perspective ofIslamic jurisprudence by requiring that the benefit of legal marriage should Replaces, ie the agreement of both bride and groom, guardian of marriage, two witnesses, the dowry, consentqobul and please register at KUA / civil records.

The Effect of T-Commerce Scarcity Messages and Price Policies on Attitudes and Purchase Intention

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
KwangSeok Han
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Discount Factor ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Price Discount ◽  
Discount Price ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
The Difference

Background/Objectives: This study investigated differences in the attitude of users according to type of scarcity message and price discount conditions to compose T-commerce sales messages and search for effective strategic plans. Methods/Statistical analysis: This study empirically verifies the difference in promotion attitude and purchase intention between the type of T-Commerce scarcity message (quantity limit message / time limit message) and the price discount policy (price discount / non-discount) message. For this purpose, 2 (scarcity type: limited quantity, limited time) X 2 (with or without price discount: price discount, no price discount) factor design between subjects was used.

LONG‐TIME RESPONSE PREDICTED BY EXACT ELASTIC RAY THEORY

Geophysics ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Formal Solution ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Axially Symmetric ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Significant Figures

The formal solution for an axially symmetric radiation field in a multilayered, elastic system can be expanded in an infinite series. Each term in the series is associated with a particular raypath. It is shown that in the long‐time limit the individual response functions produced by a step input in particle velocity are given by polynomials in odd powers of the time. For rays which suffer m reflections, the degree of the polynomials is 2m+1. The total response is obtained by summing all rays which contribute in a specified time interval. When the rays are selected indiscriminately, the difference between the magnitude of the partial sum at an intermediate stage of computation and the magnitude of the correct total sum may be greater than the number of significant figures carried by the computer. A prescription is stated for arranging the rays into groups. Each group response function varies linearly in the long‐time limit and goes to zero when convolved with a physically realizable source function.

scholarly journals Definition of actors of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs area

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
Turhut Salayev
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
General Information ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Broad Approach

The article deals with scientific and theoretical understanding and the provision of the definition of the category "actors of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs area". The author has disclosed and analyzed the provisions of the administrative and legal doctrine of the above questio, besides, the problematic issues of the definition of "subjects of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs sphere" are identified, andthe necessity of distinguishing this concept from other related concepts and categories is defined. Disclosing issues of actors of administrative and legal support of information security in the cus-toms sphere, it is necessary to avoid substitution of concepts and clearly understand the difference between the concepts of "institutional mechanism of administrative and legal support of information security in customs" and "state mechanism of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs sphere "from the concept of" subjects of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs sphere ". After all, the concept that is the subject of our study, of all the above, has the most comprehensive and broad scope and meaning. That is why, disclosing a set of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs sphere, it is advisable to apply a broad approach to understanding this category, given that among such subjects must be considered non-state subjects. objects - local governments, public organizations, etc. Because without their activities such a list will not be complete, and the mechanism of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs sphere will not be such that covers all possible spheres of public life and methods of information security. The current general information and administrative legislation, as well as special legislation gov-erning the procedure of customs, is considered in order to more clearly disclose the features and legal status of the actors of administrative and legal support of information security in the customs area. Each of these entities plays an appropriate role and occupies the necessary place in the system of national security of Ukraine, information security of Ukraine in general and information security in the customs area in particular. This role can be described as the implementation of general control over information security in the customs area, as well as taking measures to respond to violations of information legislation and the emergence of threats to information in the customs area within the powers defined by law. At the same time, the administrative and legal provision of information security is carried out directly by the customs authorities.

International Law and its Impact on The Hijaz

The Hijaz ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 155-204
Author(s):  
Malik R. Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Holy See ◽  
The Status ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 6 is an international legal examination of the status of The Hijaz in the aftermath of its conquest and absorption into a Saudi personal union. It discusses the impact of the 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States as well as the Territorial Principle. The Chapter tackles the legal question of secession and warns against the pitfalls of the ‘Self-Determination Trap’. It draws lessons from the difference between involuntary extinction of states as opposed to their creation. By looking at the cases of Czechoslovakia and Quebec it tackles the issue of ‘the Right to Secession by Agreement’. The Chapter reflects on lessons from Scotland, Catalan and Kurdistan highlighting that The Hijaz presents us with a delicate and nuanced understanding of ‘Internal Self-Determination’ and ‘Autonomy’ establishing, de facto, an international legal status of “Self-Determination Spectrum Disorder”. A special status calls for an active and special legal solution. The notion of a broader integrative role for The Hijaz and the broader Islamic world. The potential integrative institutionalization of The Hijaz is investigated bringing to bare a unique approach to self-determination that would entail coupling autonomy with international territorial administration. The propositions under this Chapter are supported by looking at other sui generis entities such as the Holy See being sovereigns without being states.

Product Boundaries of the Software Market Within the Context of Competition Policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Andrey Shastitko ◽  
Alexandr Kurdin ◽  
Anastasiya Morosanova
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Competition Analysis ◽  
Software Market ◽  
The Difference

The article analyses the main features of the intellectual activity results market through the lens of the product boundaries definition. Frequently the pirated copy is not considered as a substitute for original products in legal cases. However, unlicensed computer programs should be included in the product market boundaries regardless of its legal status if the consumer considers them as substitutes. The difference between these types of products (original and pirated) are hidden not in transformation but in transaction characteristics. It is also important to take into consideration the possible complementarity between pirated and original products expressed in the information and network effects. In order to assess the buyers’ choice it is necessary to adjust the methods evaluating product market boundaries prescribed by «The Procedure of market competition analysis» of the Russia’s Federal Antimonopoly Service.

scholarly journals Firing Rate of the Noisy Quadratic Integrate-and-Fire Neuron

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2281-2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Brunel ◽  
Peter E. Latham
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Correlation Time ◽  
Colored Noise ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Input Current ◽  
Integrate And Fire ◽  
Average Current ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Noise Input ◽  
Integrate And Fire Neuron

We calculate the firing rate of the quadratic integrate-and-fire neuron in response to a colored noise input current. Such an input current is a good approximation to the noise due to the random bombardment of spikes, with the correlation time of the noise corresponding to the decay time of the synapses. The key parameter that determines the firing rate is the ratio of the correlation time of the colored noise, τs, to the neuronal time constant, τm. We calculate the firing rate exactly in two limits: when the ratio, τs/τm, goes to zero (white noise) and when it goes to infinity. The correction to the short correlation time limit is O(τs/τm), which is qualitatively different from that of the leaky integrate-and-fire neuron, where the correction is O(√τs/τm). The difference is due to the different boundary conditions of the probability density function of the membrane potential of the neuron at firing threshold. The correction to the long correlation time limit is O(τm/τs). By combining the short and long correlation time limits, we derive an expression that provides a good approximation to the firing rate over the whole range of τs/τm in the suprathreshold regime—that is, in a regime in which the average current is sufficient to make the cell fire. In the subthreshold regime, the expression breaks down somewhat when τs becomes large compared to τm.

Classical and Near Eastern Slavery in the First Millennium bce

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Near East ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
The Difference

Twentieth-century scholarship, guided in particular by the views of M. I. Finley, saw Greece and Rome as the only true ‘slave societies’ of antiquity: slavery in the Near East was of minor economic significance. Finley also believed that the lack of a concept of ‘freedom’ in the Near East made slavery difficult to distinguish from other shades of ‘unfreedom’. This chapter shows that in the Near East the legal status of slaves and the ability to make clear status distinctions were substantively similar to the Greco-Roman situation. Through a survey of the economic contribution of slave labour to the wealth and position of elites in Israel, Assyria, Babylonia, Persia, and Carthage, it is shown that the difference between the ‘classical’ and ‘non-classical’ worlds was not as pronounced as Finley thought, and that at least some of these societies (certainly Carthage) should also be considered ‘slave societies’.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI NAFKAH IDDAH PADA PENGADILAN AGAMA WATAMPONE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Nur Tasdiq
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Religious Courts ◽  
Husband And Wife

Abstract: This research is about the application of iddah income for wives at the Religious Court in Watampone. The main issues regarding the legal status of iddah livelihoods, and how to determine the amount of iddah livelihoods, as well as the efforts of judges in resolving husband's cases refuse to provide iddah livelihoods. This research is a qualitative research with a normative juridical approach and a philosophical approach. The provision of livelihood in the Qur'an and the Compilation of Islamic Law in Indonesia is obligatory to be given to the wife after divorce, requested or not requested in court, as long as the divorce is not due to the wife's nusyuz. But this is not the case with his practice at the Religious Courts in Watampone. Determination of iddah income at the Religious Court in Watampone still prioritizes the agreement between the husband and wife, if an agreement is not found between them, the Panel of Judges will determine the amount by considering the husband's ability and wife's needs. Regarding the case of the husband refusing to provide iddah, the Panel of Judges took several efforts, but the efforts taken did not have a strong legal basis, even some of the efforts taken were not in accordance with the existing procedural law.AbstrakPenelitian ini mengenai penerapan nafkah iddah pada Pengadilan Agama Watampone. Pokok permasalahan tentang status hukum nafkah iddah, dan bagaimana cara penentuan jumlah nafkah iddah, serta upaya hakim dalam menyelesaikan perkara suami menolak memberi nafkah iddah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan pendekatan filosofis.Ketentuan nafkah iddah di dalam  al-Qur’an dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia adalah wajib diberikan kepada isteri yang ditalak raj’i, diminta ataupun tidak diminta dalam persidangan, selama perceraian bukan karena nusyuznya isteri. Namun tidak demikian dengan peraktiknya di Pengadilan Agama Watampone. Penentuan nafkah iddah pada Pengadilan Agama Watampone tetap mengedepankan kesepakatan antara pihak suami dan isteri, apabila tidak didapati kesepakatan antara keduanya, maka Majelis Hakim yang akan menentukan jumlahnya dengan mempertimbangkan kemampuan suami dan kebutuhan isteri. Terkait perkara suami menolak memberi nafkah iddah, Majelis Hakim menempuh beberapa upaya, namun upaya yang ditempuh tidak memiliki dasar hukum yang kuat, bahkan beberapa upaya yang ditempuh tidak sesuai dengan hukum acara yang ada.Keywords: Implementation; Iddah; Living Rights; Religious courts.

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