scholarly journals Cognitive-Inspired Conversational-Strategy Reasoner for Socially-Aware Agents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar J. Romero ◽  
Ran Zhao ◽  
Justine Cassell
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Conversational Agent ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Dialogue System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conversational Style ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Task Goals ◽  
The Relationship

In this work we propose a novel module for a dialogue system that allows a conversational agent to utter phrases that do not just meet the system's task intentions, but also work towards achieving the system's social intentions. The module - a Social Reasoner - takes the task goals the system must achieve and decides the appropriate conversational style and strategy with which the dialogue system describes the information the user desires so as to boost the strength of the relationship between the user and system (rapport), and therefore the user's engagement and willingness to divulge the information the agent needs to efficiently and effectively achieve the user's goals. Our Social Reasoner is inspired both by analysis of empirical data of friends and stranger dyads engaged in a task, and by prior literature in fields as diverse as reasoning processes in cognitive and social psychology, decision-making, sociolinguistics and conversational analysis. Our experiments demonstrated that, when using the Social Reasoner in a Dialogue System, the rapport level between the user and system increases in more than 35% in comparison with those cases where no Social Reasoner is used.

Research on the Development of the Logistics Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4568-4572
Author(s):  
Hai Chen Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Econometric Approach ◽  
The Relationship

Modern logistics industry as an emerging industry, with the industrial division of labor with the social refinement and depth, to promote China's economic development has become an important industry and new economic growth point. This paper uses econometric approach to relations of the logistics industry and economic growth in Gansu Province made an empirical analysis reveals and Reveals the relationship between logistics industry and economic development in Gansu Province And for the results of the analysis are summarized and give relevant policy recommendations, hoping to provide a reference for the development of decision-making in Gansu.

How Judges Use Weapons of Influence: The Social Psychology of Courts

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Guy Davidov ◽  
Maayan Davidov
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Government

Research on compliance has shown that people can be induced to comply with various requests by using techniques that capitalise on the human tendencies to act consistently and to reciprocate. Thus far this line of research has been applied to interactions between individuals, not to relations between institutions. We argue, however, that similar techniques are applied by courts vis-à-vis the government, the legislature and the public at large, when courts try to secure legitimacy and acceptance of their decisions. We discuss a number of known influence techniques – including ‘foot in the door’, ‘low-balling’, ‘giving a reputation to uphold’ and ‘door in the face’ – and provide examples from Israeli case law of the use of such techniques by courts. This analysis offers new insights that can further the understanding of judicial decision-making processes.

Caste and the Decline of Political Homogeneity

1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Somjee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the traditional social organization of India, based on the principle of hierarchy, and the newly introduced democratic institutions and procedures, based on the principle of equality, has been a subject of diverse interpretations. The more significant of these interpretations are that the social organization has subsumed the new political system, and that the various units of social organization, namely, castes, have developed voluntary bodies or caste associations of their own in order to enter into an operative relationship with the new political system. The latter interpretation also implies that the democratic political socialization in India has been taking place by means of the caste associations. This study takes a hard look at such interpretations and points out that the internal cohesion of the social organization materially alters when it moves away from its primary social concerns—ritual, pollution, and endogamy—to nontraditional concerns. This change is reflected in the fact that highly fragmented decision-making processes of castes in nontraditional matters often lead to their substantial vote against candidates of their own castes. Such political differentiation within castes has occurred before the advent of certain caste associations, and in some cases despite them. These and other assertions are substantiated through data collected in a rural and an urban community where fieldwork designed to understand their political dynamics extended over a number of years.

The Postmodern Condition of Law and Societal “Management of Rules”

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Ladeur
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Social Epistemology ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Evolutionary Step ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe last decades have witnessed the appearance of some quite new issues relating to the integration of science into legal decision-making. For a better understanding of the relationship between the normative and cognitive aspects of the decision-making procedure under postmodern conditions of uncertainty, it is necessary to reconstruct the “social epistemology” that consists of the hybrid rules for the management of practical knowledge problems used in the past. In the days of the classical liberal legal system, social knowledge was not a free, spontaneously generated public good, either. It was implied in the practical networks of private production which were the source of “experience”. It was one of the major tasks of the liberal state to systematise, generalise and stabilise this new knowledge base of society, which could be used for both private and public purposes. In a second-order remodelling of this earlier “public-private joint venture”, group-based calculations of probability were integrated into the practice of both private and public types of decision-making, for example, in financial markets or in the construction of public insurances. The emerging paradigm of “social epistemology” in postmodernity is characterised by the requirement to draw upon a more open conception of modelling, designing and experimenting, which makes decision-making more process-oriented, more flexible and more reflexive. This new evolutionary step will again have important consequences for the legal system which has to adapt to more a-centric heterarchical modes of knowledge production. This evolution explains the interest in public-private partnerships and calls for a more proactive public approach to knowledge management.

scholarly journals Breves orientações sobre a Teoria das Representações Sociais de Serge Moscovici e a interdisciplinaridade

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Cristiana Barcelos Da Silva ◽  
Gerson Tavares Do Carmo ◽  
Alessandra Maria da Silva Custódio Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Representation Theory ◽  
Qualitative Nature ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="TituloGeral">O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS) e a questão da Interdisciplinaridade enquanto categorias analíticas e alternativas metodológicas de produção científica. A partir de leituras inicias de autores basilares como, Moscovici (2003), Jodelet (2011, 1998), Sá (1998), Japiassu (1976), Fazenda (1995,1979) e Frigotto (2008), dentre outros, verificamos algumas questões que faziam referência a respeito da possibilidade de interseção  entre a TRS e a Interdisciplinaridade. Desse modo, este estudo buscou, com base em uma análise bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo, comprovar ou refutar a hipótese em torno da relação entre a teoria moscoviciana e a questão da Interdisciplinaridade. Importante destacar que, para a análise, levamos em conta a abordagem, os objetivos, os efeitos, bem como o contexto em que ambos se constituíram. Concluímos o estudo, afirmando a existência de conexão entre as duas temáticas, apontamos para quatro elementos característicos comuns: análise multifacetada de explicação da realidade, a dialogicidade, o foco no todo e a proposição em superar a fragilidade da fragmentação da ciência.</p><p class="ResumoTexto"><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>psicologia social; processos sociais;conhecimento.</p><p class="ResumoTexto"> </p><p class="TituloGeral"><span lang="EN-US">BRIEF COMMENTS ABOUT THEORY OF SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF SERGE MOSCOVICI AND INTERDISCIPLINARITY</span></p><p class="ResumoTitulo"><span lang="EN-US">Abstract</span></p><p class="TituloGeral">This study aimed to analyze the Social Representation Theory (SRT) and the issue of Interdisciplinarity as analytical categories and methodological alternatives of scientific production. From initial readings of authors such as basic, Moscovici (2003), Jodelet (2011, 1998), Sa (1998), Japiassu (1976), Finance (1995,1979) and Frigotto (2008), among others, we find some issues that made reference about the possibility of intersection between the SRT and the Interdisciplinary. Thus, this study, based on a literature review of qualitative nature, prove or disprove the hypothesis on the relationship between theory and moscovician the issue of interdisciplinarity. Importantly, for the analysis, we consider the approach, the objectives, the effects and the context in which they are constituted. Concluded the study by stating that there is connection between the two issues, we pointed to four common characteristic: multifaceted analysis of explanation of reality, dialogicity, focus on the whole and the proposition to overcome the weakness of fragmentation of science.</p><p class="ResumoTitulo"><strong>Keywords:</strong> social psychology; social processes; knowledge</p><p class="ResumoTexto"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></p><p class="TituloGeral"><span lang="ES">BREVES COMENTARIOS SOBRE LA TEORÍA DE LAS REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES DE SERGE MOSCOVICI Y LA INTERDISCIPLINARIEDAD </span></p><p class="ResumoTexto">Resumen</p><p class="ResumoTexto"><span lang="ES">Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales (TRS) y la cuestión de la Interdisciplinariedad como categorías de análisis y alternativas metodológicas de la producción científica. A partir de las lecturas iniciales de autores como básico, Moscovici (2003), Jodelet (2011, 1998), Sa (1998), Japiassu (1976), Finanzas (1995,1979) y Frigotto (2008), entre otros, nos encontramos con algunos problemas que hace referencia a la posibilidad de intersección entre los TRS y la Interdisciplinario. Por lo tanto, este estudio, basado en una revisión de la literatura de naturaleza cualitativa, probar o refutar la hipótesis sobre la relación entre la teoría y moscoviciana el tema de la interdisciplinariedad. Es importante destacar que, para el análisis, consideramos el enfoque, los objetivos, los efectos y el contexto en que se constituyen. Concluido el estudio afirmando que no hay conexión entre los dos asuntos, señalamos a cuatro característica común: el análisis multifacético de la explicación de la realidad, dialogicidad, se centran en el todo y la proposición para superar la debilidad de la fragmentación de la ciencia.</span></p><p class="ResumoTexto"><strong><span lang="ES">Palabras clave: </span></strong><span lang="ES">psicología social; los procesos sociales; conocimiento.</span></p><p class="ResumoTexto"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></p>

Where Do We Go From Here? An Examination of the Relationship Between Changes in Social Structure and Strategic Priorities in Cross-Sector Collaborative Organizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-212
Author(s):  
Larry R. Hearld ◽  
Jeffrey A. Alexander ◽  
Laura J. Wolf ◽  
Yunfeng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Cross-sector collaborative organizations are increasingly viewed as an effective means of addressing multifaceted health and social challenges. Given their dependence on volunteers to develop and implement strategy, members’ perceptions of future strategic priorities is a critical concern for leaders and sponsors of these organizations. Research set in more hierarchical, single-sector organizations acknowledges the important relationship between structure and strategy; however, relatively little research has explored these relationships in the context of collaborative organizations. We examined these relationships using multiple rounds of an Internet survey. All three dimensions of social structure (locus of decision making, formalization, and integration) had independent associations with participant’ perceptions of different strategic priorities, suggesting there is more than one approach to influencing the perceived priorities of the alliance. However, some dimensions of the social structure changed more than other dimensions over time, highlighting differential opportunities for influencing strategic priorities.

Cognitive and Affective Rejection of Mentally ILL Persons as a Function of Dogmatism

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph W. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Classroom Situation ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Mentally Ill Persons ◽  
Affective Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive and affective attitudes toward the mentally ill were studied in introductory social psychology students categorized on the basis of their dogmatism. On a purely cognitive level highly dogmatic Ss held more stereotypical attitudes toward the mentally ill than low-dogmatic Ss. After a series of regularly scheduled lectures on the social psychology of deviance in a normal classroom situation, highly dogmatic Ss significantly decreased their stereotypical attitudes toward the mentally ill. However, on semantic-differential scales to measure affective attitudes toward the mentally ill highly dogmatic Ss increased their affective rejection of the mentally ill after this series of regularly scheduled lectures. There was no difference between high- and low-dogmatic Ss on an objective test measuring learning with respect to the lectures on deviance. The implications of these data for dogmatism theory are discussed, especially in terms of the relationship between dogmatism, anxiety, and the cognitive and affective rejection of others.

Participation as assemblage: Introducing assemblage as a framework for analysing participatory processes and outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Stage ◽  
Karen Ingerslev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Power Allocation ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The Social ◽  
Participatory Processes ◽  
Material Benefits ◽  
Societal Challenge ◽  
User Perspectives ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents a yet unexplored framework for analysing the multidimensionality and dis/connections of participatory processes and their outcomes by using the concept of the ‘assemblage’ (DeLanda, 2006). The case is an eight-month collaboration between a task force initiated by Central Denmark Region, the socio-economic company Sager der Samler, and citizens. The collaboration is aimed at bringing together and working across various institutional and user perspectives to act on a societal challenge. The analysis is theoretically based on a review of existing theories of participation and typologies for analysing and evaluating participation. In particu- lar, the analysis focuses on the assemblage approach as a way of acknowledging the institutional, affective, mate- rial and power-related complexity of participatory processes. The assemblage approach helps to analytically stress that the process under investigation should be evaluated both with a more traditional focus on decision-making or power allocation, as well as taking into account the social, personal-affective and material benefits produced, and the potential for change in the relationship between public administration and citizens. 

scholarly journals “Be a Man”: The Role of Social Pressure in Eliciting Men’s Aggressive Cognition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Stanaland ◽  
Sarah Gaither
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Social Psychology Bulletin ◽  
Identity Threat ◽  
The Social ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
The Relationship

[Pre-print accepted for publication in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin on November 20, 2020.] Threatening a man’s manhood—but not a woman’s womanhood—elicits aggression. In two studies, we found evidence that this aggression is related to the social pressure men experience to “be a man.” In Study 1a, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis to isolate participants’ (N = 195; Mage = 19.92) differential motivations for conforming to gender norms. Study 1b then showed that pressure to be masculine moderates the relationship between gender identity threat and aggressive cognition for men. In Study 2a, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to validate the aforementioned scales with an age-diverse sample of men (N = 391; Mage = 33.16, range 18-56 years). Study 2b replicated Study 1b, most notably with younger men. In all, these findings reveal one pathway—the pressure men experience to be stereotypically masculine—that elicits aggressive cognition when under threat in a U.S. context.

Choice Shifts in Groups: A Decision-Theoretic Basis

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1321-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kfir Eliaz ◽  
Debraj Ray ◽  
Ronny Razin
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Utility Theory ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Expected Utility Theory ◽  
Allais Paradox ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychology Literature

The phenomenon of choice shifts in group decision-making has received attention in the social psychology literature. Faced with a risky group decision, individuals appear to support more extreme choices relative to those they would make on their own. This paper demonstrates that from a decision-theoretic perspective, choice shifts are intimately connected to failures of expected utility theory. In the model studied here, the Allais paradox is equivalent to a well-studied configuration of choice shifts. Thus, our results marry two well-known behavioral regularities, one in individual decision theory and another in the social psychology of groups.

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