Early detection of diabetic retinopathy among type one diabetic patients

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. It develops in nearly all individuals with type one diabetes and in more than 75% of individuals with type two who survive for over twenty years with the disease. Objective: To clarify the importance of early detection of DR, and specifically to determine its prevalence among type one diabetic patients. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on all registered type one diabetic patients attending Al-Shohada family health center (FHC); during the period from June to August 2015. The study included 105 patients with type one diabetes mellitus. They were subjected to a predesigned questionnaire, and their data were retrieved by checking their files. They were referred for fundus examination by an ophthalmologist. Results: The prevalence of DR among type one diabetic patients was 51.3%, and it was 62.8% among the patients who had never undergone fundus examination before. In 57% of the patients, the barrier for DR screening was negligence and lack of awareness about its importance. Prevalence of DR depends on the duration in addition to the degree diabetes control. Conclusion: Most of type one diabetic patients are aware of its complications; however, there is little awareness about the importance of screening for DR, which together with negligence constitutes the main barriers to its screening. Therefore, the family physician plays an important role in dealing with these problems for early detection and management of diabetic retinopathy.

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The result of treadmill test in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20172508 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anil Shrinivasrao Joshi ◽

Chandrakant Gunaji Lahane ◽

Akshay Arvind Kashid

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Early Detection ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Background: To study the prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia in asymptomatic patients with type 2 DM.Methods: The present study was conducted in the Govt. Medical College and Hospital Aurangabad. During December 2012 to November 2014 with 50 patients. It was two year cross sectional study with the patients of asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus without clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of coronary artery disease. Results: 12 (24%) out of 50 subjects had positive TMT. It correlated with years of duration of diabetes (9 positive TMT cases with duration of diabetes more than 10 years). 5 (25%) out of 20 had serum cholesterol levels >240, Number of positive TMT were higher in patients with LDL >160 [5 (25%) out of 20].Conclusions: Diabetic patients are at very high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early detection of IHD is very important so that pharmacological therapy, which may improve outcome, can be established. Tread mill exercise TMT being a non-invasive test with high safety, has an important role in early detection of IHD. It is recommended that TMT should be a part of routine management in asymptomatic patients with type II DM.

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Association of Retinopathy with Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetes Mellitus

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v8i3.38123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 210-214

Author(s):

Rushda Sharmin Binte Rouf ◽

SM Ashrafuzzaman ◽

Zafar Ahmed Latif

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Strong Association ◽

Albumin Excretion Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy are two major complications of diabetes mellitus carrying significant morbidity and mortality. In this study DR was investigated in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to find out possible association of these two devastating complications.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 150 diabetic patients having CKD in BIRDEM. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60ml/min/1.73m2and/or urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) >30 mg/day in at least two occasions in 3 months apart. Retinopathy was assessed by direct fundoscopic examination and confirmed by color fundus photography. Severe DR (SDR) included proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe non-proliferative DR and maculopathy; whereas microaneurysm regarded as non-severe retinopathy.Results: Majority (68%) of the respondents had some form of retinopathy (38.35% SDR and 29.65% nonsevere). There was strong association between different levels of albuminuria (UAER) and DR (p<0.0001). On the contrary DR did not correspond with stages of CKD (P=0.349). Hypertension (79.5%) and dyslipidaemia (59%) were common co-morbidities.Conclusion: This study concluded that DR prevalence was more in nephropathy along with significant association with UAER. Whereas different stages of CKD was not associated with stages of DR . This finding focused the necessity of regular retinal examination irrespective of the stage of renal involvement.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(3): 210-214

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Riscos para o desencadeamento da osteoporose em idosos

Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line ◽

10.5205/1981-8963-v13i1a236881p148-154-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 148

Author(s):

Vívian Roselany Ferreira Hipólito ◽

Laura Maria Feitosa Formiga ◽

Ana Klisse Silva Araújo ◽

Lorena Mayara Hipólito Feitosa ◽

Kathelyn Jane Sousa Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family Health ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamina D ◽

Health Strategy ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

The Family ◽

Family Health Strategy ◽

Life Habits

ABSTRACTObjective: to know the risks for the onset of osteoporosis in the elderly. Method: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study in the Family Health Strategy (FHS). An instrument covering sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry, clinical variables and life habits was used for data collection. The results were analyzed through the SPSS software, version 20.0, and the findings were presented in tables. Results: hypertension and diabetes mellitus prevailed. With respect to the family history, it was found that the elderly never had a fracture, did not have genetic factors on osteoporosis and did not use calcium and vitamin D. As for the modifiable factors, a large part of the elderly said not to practice physical activity, nor get exposed to the sun, and they said they ingested much caffeine and milk. Conclusion: the proposed objective was reached and it is hoped that the results found in this study contribute to the construction of knowledge about this disease that has increasingly affected people, helping to elaborate prevention strategies or avoid possible complications. Descriptors: Nursing; Aged; Osteoporosis; Disease Prevention; Health Care (Public Health); Aging.RESUMOObjetivo: conhecer os riscos para o desencadeamento da osteoporose nos idosos. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Utilizou-se, para a coleta de dados, um instrumento composto por características sociodemográficas, antropometria, variáveis clínicas e hábitos de vida. Analisaram-se os resultados por meio do programa SPSS, versão 20.0, e se apresentaram os achados em tabelas. Resultados: prevaleceram-se as doenças hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus. Encontrou-se, sobre o histórico familiar, o fato de os idosos nunca terem apresentado fratura, não possuírem fatores genéticos sobre a osteoporose e não fazerem uso de cálcio e vitamina D. Com relação aos fatores modificáveis, grande parte dos idosos afirmou não praticar atividade física, não se expor ao Sol, ingerir bastante cafeína e leite. Conclusão: atingiu-se o objetivo proposto e espera-se que os resultados encontrados contribuam na construção do conhecimento sobre essa doença de crescente acometimento auxiliando a elaboração de estratégias de prevenção ou evitando possíveis complicações. Descritores: Enfermagem; Idoso; Osteoporose; Prevenção de Doenças; Atenção à Saúde; Envelhecimento.RESUMENObjetivo: conocer los riesgos para el desencadenamiento de la osteoporosis en los adultos mayores. Método: se trata de estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF). Se utilizó para la recolección de datos, un instrumento compuesto por características sociodemográficas, antropometría, variables clínicas y hábitos de vida. Se analizaron los resultados por medio del programa SPSS, versión 20.0, y se presentaron los hallados en tablas. Resultados: prevalecieron las enfermedades hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus. Se encontró, sobre el histórico familiar, el hecho de los adultos mayores nunca haber presentado fractura, no poseer factores genéticos sobre la osteoporosis y no hacer uso de cálcio y vitamina D. Con relación a los factores modificables, grande parte de los adultos mayores afirmo no practicar actividad física, no exponerse al Sol, ingerir bastante cafeína y leche. Conclusión: se consiguió el objetivo propuesto y se espera que los resultados encontrados contribuyan en la construcción del conocimiento sobre esa enfermedad de creciente acometimiento auxiliando la elaboración de estrategias de prevención o evitando posibles complicaciones. Descriptores: Enfermería; Anciano; Osteoporosis; Prevención de Enfermedades; Atención a la Salud; Envejecimento.

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Association between sociodemographic variables and awareness of diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20205473 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Kasim Yasar Kannappillil Muhammedali ◽

V. Sahasranamam ◽

Saji Nair Ambika

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Early Detection ◽

Positive Association ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Duration Of Diabetes

Background: Early detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most important factor in reducing the blinding complications due to diabetes. Study of the various socio-demographic factors affecting awareness of DR will help us to formulate effective screening programs for early detection. Objectives of the study were to find the sociodemographic determinants associated with awareness of DR and to evaluate the association of stage of DR with awareness about diabetic retinopathy.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 384 patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in various medical camps and diabetic clinics at Thiruvananthapuram. Socio demographic variables and awareness were assessed using structured self-administered questionnaire. Dilated fundus evaluation was done and retinopathy classified. Data entered to excel sheet and analysis done using statistical software (SPSS version 20).Results: Among the 384 patients, 44.9% were diagnosed to have diabetic retinopathy. Among the diagnosed 41.6% had mild non proliferative DR (NPDR), 33.0% had moderate NPDR, 11.45% had severe NPDR. 13.4% of subjects were diagnosed to have proliferative DR. 53.1% of the subjects with diabetic retinopathy had clinically significant macular edema. There was no statistically significant association between the stage of DR to awareness. Among the socio demographic variables, significant positive association with level of awareness was obtained for duration of diabetes (OR=10.96; p=0.004)Conclusions: Duration of diabetes was significantly associated with level of awareness. There was no statistically significant association between the stage of diabetic retinopathy to awareness. This signifies the urgent need to intensify our diabetic retinopathy awareness programs.

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Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Ilorin, Nigeria

Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18502/sjms.v12i2.919 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

Olokoba L B ◽

Mahmud O A ◽

Adepoju F G ◽

Olokoba A B

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

High Level ◽

Male To Female

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness worldwide. The associated loss of productivity and quality of life of the patients with diabetic retinopathy will lead to additional socioeconomic burden. This study aims to determine the level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross sectional study, was carried out at the Diabetic and Ophthalmology clinics of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria from November 2011 to July 2012. A total of 365 patients had validated, semi-structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaires to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical information and awareness of diabetic retinopathy. Results: A total of 365 patients were enrolled, with age between 19 and 90 years, and a mean of 45.8 ±16.3 years. The male to female ratio was 1: 2.2. Ninety-nine respondents (27.1%) had no education. The majority (30.4%) had only primary education; 21.1% had tertiary; 14.5% had secondary while 6.8% had Quranic education. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 14.1 ±13.09 years. Of the 365 patients with diabetes mellitus, 279(76.4%) had heard that diabetes mellitus affects the eyes, while 86(23.6%) had not. Of those who had heard, 221(79.2%) heard it from health personnel, 45(16.1%) from radio/television, 25(9.0%) from internet, 23(8.2%) from books/newspapers, while 16(5.7%) heard from other sources.Conclusion: There was a high level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy amongst the patients. However, the high level of awareness of the blinding complication of diabetes mellitus did not translate to a correspondingly high level of ocular examination for diabetic retinopathy.

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The prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Tertiary Centre in Western Region, Nepal

Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal ◽

10.3126/jgmcn.v13i2.30344 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 140-143

Author(s):

Chandra Bahadur Pun ◽

Sarita Tuladhar ◽

Tirtha Lal Upadhyaya ◽

Jamuna Gurung ◽

Durga Dhungana

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Multisystem Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Tertiary Centre ◽

Diabetes Retinopathy

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disease. It has multiple complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, diabetes ketoacidosis, and stroke. Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is one of the blinding complications of diabetes. This study was done to find out the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients attending in the outpatient department (OPD) of internal medicine, Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital (GMCTHRC), Pokhara, Nepal. Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was performed among the 200 diabetes mellitus patients attending in the medicine OPD from 15th December 2017 to 15thDecember 2018. They were referred to eye OPD of GMC. The detailed eye examination including fundus evaluation under mydriasis was done to all the patients. The diagnosis of DR was graded using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study classification (ETDRS). Patients having hypertension and other retinal diseases were excluded from the study. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPPS) version 11.20. Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.02 ±11.8 years. In our study 60.5% of the patients were male and 39.5% were female. Diabetes retinopathy was seen in 29.5% patients, of which non proliferative diabetes retinopathy (NPDR) was present in 19.5%, proliferative diabetes retinopathy (PDR) in 9.5% and 0.5% had diabetes maculopathy. Conclusion: The prevalence of DR is quite significant in the people with diabetes. Early diagnosis and management of retinopathy will help to avoid blindness due to the diabetic retinopathy.

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Caregivers for elderly patients with diabetes mellitus: nursing care for health education

Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line ◽

10.5205/reuol.1262-12560-1-le.0506201116 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1431

Author(s):

Antonia Elizanne Benta da Silva ◽

Maria Leônia Pessoa da Silva

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Health Education ◽

Family Health ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Ethics Committee ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

The Family ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Control Glucémico

ABSTRACTObjective: to examine the actions of health education carried out by nurses for caregivers of elderly diabetics in the Family Health Units of Cajazeiras/PB. Method: exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out with 10 nurses. A form of semi-structured interview was used. Data collection occurred in April 2009 after approval of the research project by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculdade Santa. Maria/PB, with protocol number 1820309. For the analysis we used the Collective Subject Discourse technique. Results: Idea Center 1- found that nurses held guidance on diet, medication, complications of diabetes, glycemic control, physical activity; Idea Central 2 - showed that nurses find it difficult to carry out the guidelines for diabetics; Idea Central 3 - there was the great importance of home visits; Idea Central 4 - it was realized that it was necessary for nurses to seek care intensify the educational needs of diabetics and family; Idea Central 5 - there were needs changes in the care offered to caregivers of elderly diabetics, especially by physicians. Conclusion: it is necessary for nurses to develop educational activities to caregivers of elderly diabetic patients regarding diet and medication, mostly. Descriptors: caregivers; Health Services for the Aged; diabetes mellitus; health education.RESUMOObjetivo: verificar as ações de educação em saúde realizadas pelos enfermeiros para os cuidadores de idosos diabéticos nas Unidades de Saúde da Família de Cajazeiras/PB. Método: estudo exploratório e descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 10 enfermeiros. Um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturada foi usado. A coleta de dados ocorreu em abril de 2009, após aprovação do projeto de pesquisa pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade Santa Maria/PB, com protocolo de número 1820309. Para a análise foi empregada a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: Ideia Central 1 - verificou-se que os enfermeiros realizaram orientações quanto à dieta, medicação, complicações da doença, controle glicêmico, atividades físicas; Ideia Central 2 - evidenciou que os enfermeiros encontram dificuldades para realizar as orientações aos diabéticos; Ideia Central 3 - observou-se a grande importância das visitas domiciliares; A Ideia Central 4 - percebeu-se que era necessário que os enfermeiros intensificassem os cuidados ao buscar as necessidades educacionais dos diabéticos e família; Ideia Central 5 - observaram-se as necessidades de mudanças no atendimento oferecido aos cuidadores de idosos diabéticos, principalmente pelos médicos. Conclusão: torna-se necessário que enfermeiros desenvolvam ações educativas aos cuidadores de idosos diabéticos quanto à dieta e medicação, principalmente. Descritores: cuidadores; serviços de saúde para idosos; diabetes mellitus; educação em saúde.RESUMENObjetivo: estudiar las acciones de educación para la salud llevado a cabo por enfermeras para los cuidadores de ancianos diabéticos en las Unidades de Salud Familiar de Cajazeiras/PB. Método: estudio exploratorio y descriptivo con un enfoque cualitativo, realizado con 10 enfermeras. Una forma de entrevista semi-estructurada se utilizó. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar en abril de 2009 después de la aprobación del proyecto de investigación por el Comité de Ética de Investigación de la Faculdad Santa Maria/PB, con número de protocolo 1820309. Para el análisis se utilizó la técnica del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: Idea Central 1 - encontró que las enfermeras cabo orientación sobre la dieta, medicación, complicaciones de la diabetes, el control glucémico, la actividad física; Idea Central 2 - mostró que las enfermeras les resulta difícil llevar a cabo las directrices para los diabéticos, la idea Central 3, que fue la gran importancia de las visitas domiciliarias; Idea Central 4 - se dio cuenta de que era necesario para que las enfermeras buscar atención intensificar las necesidades educativas de los diabéticos y familiares; Idea Central 5 - no se necesita cambios en la atención ofrecida a los cuidadores de los diabéticos de edad avanzada, especialmente por los médicos. Conclusión: es necesario para que las enfermeras desarrollan actividades educativas para los cuidadores de ancianos diabéticos respecto a la dieta y los medicamentos, en su mayoría. Descriptores: cuidadores; servicios de salud para ancianos; diabetes mellitus; educación en salud.

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Analysis of access to hypertensive and diabetic drugs in the Family Health Strategy, State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1980-5497201500020010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 413-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maria Nelly Sobreira de Carvalho Barreto ◽

Eduarda Ângela Pessoa Cesse ◽

Rodrigo Fonseca Lima ◽

Michelly Geórgia da Silva Marinho ◽

Yuri da Silva Specht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Family Health ◽

The State ◽

Antihypertensive Medications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Strategy ◽

The Family ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Family Health Strategy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the access to drugs for hypertension and diabetes and the direct cost of buying them among users of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: Population-based, cross-sectional study of a systematic random sample of 785 patients with hypertension and 823 patients with diabetes mellitus who were registered in 208 randomly selected FHS teams in 35 municipalities of the state of Pernambuco. The selected municipalities were classified into three levels with probability proportional to municipality size (LS, large-sized; MS, medium-sized; SS, small-sized). To verify differences between the cities, we used the χ2 test. RESULTS: Pharmacological treatment was used by 91.2% patients with hypertension whereas 85.6% patients with diabetes mellitus used oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), and 15.4% used insulin. The FHS team itself provided antihypertensive medications to 69.0% patients with hypertension, OADs to 75.0% patients with diabetes mellitus, and insulin treatment to 65.4%. The 36.9% patients with hypertension and 29.8% with diabetes mellitus that had to buy all or part of their medications reported median monthly cost of R$ 18.30, R$ 14.00, and R$ 27.61 for antihypertensive drugs, OADs, and insulin, respectively. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to increase efforts to ensure access to these drugs in the primary health care network.

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Avaliação Glicêmica de Pacientes Diabéticos Atendidos na Estratégia Saúde da Família na Cidade de Assaré – CE / Glycemic Evaluation of the Diabetic Patients in the Family Health Strategy in the City of Assaré, State of Ceará

ID on line REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA ◽

10.14295/idonline.v13i44.1604 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (44) ◽

pp. 221-239

Author(s):

Maria Thayane Pinto Freire ◽

José Marcio Andrade ◽

Helenicy Nogueira Holanda Veras

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Family Health ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Health Strategy ◽

The Family ◽

Family Health Strategy ◽

The City ◽

Diabetes Tipo 2

Diabetes mellitus é uma doença crônica não transmissível que estabelece uma série de limitações aos seus portadores. O estudo teve como objetivo conhecer o perfil e o controle glicêmico de pacientes diabéticos atendidos na Estratégia Saúde da família (ESF) da sede do município de Assaré-CE. Foram avaliadas variáveis sociodemográficas, estilo de vida e clinicas através de resultados dos exames laboratoriais descritos nos prontuários, em 123 pacientes. A coleta dos dados foi realizada nos meses de setembro a novembro de 2018, e os participantes que aceitaram participar da pesquisa responderam ao questionário no momento da entrevista.Os dados demonstram maior proporção de pacientes do sexo feminino com 71,5% (n=88); 57% (n=70) possuíam idade entre 61 a 80 anos; 41% (n=50) com o ensino fundamental incompleto.A respeito dos fatores de risco 19% (n=23) já foram fumantes; 61% (n=75) possuíam familiares de primeiro grau com diabetes, e 123 foram pacientes com diabetes tipo 2; 38% (n=47) tinham mais de 10 anos de diagnóstico; 84% (n=103) faziam uso somente de hipoglicemiante oral. Em relação às características clinicas os resultados também apontaram que a presença de níveis alterados de glicemia e hemoglobina glicada pode ser associada ao tempo de duração da doença. As alterações lipídicas mais comuns no Diabetes mellitus Tipo 2 são a hipertrigliceridemia e a redução do HDL Entre as complicações decorrentes da doença, a grande maioria era hipertensa 67% (n=82). Sugere-se a adesão de medidas promocionais a saúde ao local da pesquisa, visando orientação aos pacientes sobre o auto cuidado. De forma que esses possam somar hábitos saudáveis aos seus conhecimentos, e portanto possam continuadamente obter melhor qualidade de vida.

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Demographics and awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients attending the vitreo-retinal service at a tertiary eye care center in Nepal

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v4i1.5844 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 10-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R Thapa ◽

G Paudyal ◽

N Maharjan ◽

PS Bernstein

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Care Center ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Eye Care ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Proliferative Stage ◽

Awareness Programs ◽

Clinically Significant

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in Nepal. Objective: To investigate the demographic characteristics and awareness of diabetic retinopathy among new cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) attending the vitreo-retinal service of a tertiary eye care centre in Nepal. Materials and methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study including all consecutive new cases of DM was carried out. Detailed demographics of the subjects and their awareness of potential ocular problems from diabetes mellitus were noted. Results: A total of 210 patients with a mean age of 57 ± 10.4 years were included. Brahmins (34.8 %) and Newars (34.3 %) were the predominant ethnic groups. Housewives (38.6 %) and office workers (18.6 %) were the major groups affected. Two-fifths (37 %) of the cases were unaware of DR and its potential for blindness. Awareness was significantly higher among literate patients (P = 0.006). Fundus evaluation was done for the first time in 48.6 %, although almost four-fifths had a duration of diabetes of five years or more. DR was found in 78 % of the cases, with 16.7 % already at the proliferative stage and about 40 % exhibiting clinically significant diabetic macular edema. Conclusion: A lack of awareness of DR coupled with a high proportion of cases already at a sight-threatening stage of retinopathy at their first presentation reflects the need for improved awareness programs to reduce the burden of blindness from DR in Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i1.5844 NEPJOPH 2012; 4(1): 10-16

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