scholarly journals Gasto público, permanencia en el poder y crecimiento económico

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Juan Marroquín Arreola ◽  
Humberto Ríos Bolívar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Government

The aim of this paper is to analyze how the government determines the proportion of public spending to maximize its political benefit and stay in power. Using growth models and making modifications in them, this study demonstrates that the actions of public expenditure and growth rate are determined by the parameters of political gain. Also, the results of the simulations show that if the political gain of distribution policy is high, the government will allocate a greater share of the fund for purposes of distribution adversely affecting economic growth.

Structure of Economic Growth of the Countries of the Eurasian Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 112-123
Author(s):  
Oleg S. Sukharev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Structural Formula ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Macroeconomic Analysis ◽  
Investment Structure

The purpose of the study is to determine the existing growth models of the countries of the Eurasian Union by GDP expenditures and sectors (manufacturing, transactional raw materials). The research methodology is a macroeconomic analysis of the dynamics of the main indicator of economic development — gross domestic product. The research method is a structural analysis that allows you to get a structural formula for calculating the contribution of each component of GDP to the growth rate, as well as a comparative analysis of the dynamics models of the countries in question — Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia. The result of the study is the obtained structural relationships that make it possible to measure the influence of the investment structure on the growth rate, the criteria describing economic growth with a corresponding change in the country's national wealth, as well as the identification of models of economic dynamics by the countries of the Eurasian Union. It is indicative that the transaction sector dominates in Kazakhstan and Russia, while in other countries a mixed model is found, or industrial growth as in Belarus. According to the components of GDP and expenditures of the country, either a mixed or a consumer model is found (Kyrgyzstan, Russia), however, the contribution of government spending to the growth rate is provided only in Kazakhstan. It was also revealed that the reaction to the crisis of 2009 and 2015 was fundamentally different for the countries of the Eurasian Union. The search for the factor conditions of such a prevailing dynamics, as well as the influence of union economic relations on the formation of a growth model in each country, requires an expansion of research and an analytical perspective

On the Effectiveness of Growth- Enhancing Policies in a Model of Growth Without Scale Effects

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz G. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Accelerate Growth

Abstract Standard R&D growth models have two disturbing properties: the presence of scale effects (i.e., the prediction that larger economies grow faster) and the implication that there is a multitude of growth-enhancing policies. Recent models of growth without scale effects, such as Segerstrom's (1998), not only remove the counterfactual scale effect, but also imply that the growth rate does not react to any kind of economic policy. They share a different disturbing property, however: economic growth depends positively on population growth, and the economy cannot grow in the absence of population growth. The present paper integrates human capital accumulation into Segerstrom's (1998) model of growth without scale effects. Consistent with many empirical studies, growth is positively related not to population growth, but to investment in human capital. And there is one way to accelerate growth: subsidizing education.

The Frustrated Nationalization of Hydrocarbons and the Plunder of Bolivia

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeppe Krommes-Ravnsmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Accumulation By Dispossession ◽  
Export Volume ◽  
Indigenous Territories ◽  
Oil Contracts ◽  
The Government

Evo Morales came to power in Bolivia after the gas war and a subsequent rebellion that overthrew two presidents in 2003 and 2005. However, the promised nationalization of hydrocarbons remained on paper, and a new extractivist offensive was launched that deepened processes of accumulation by dispossession. Plunder, environmental devastation, and recolonization of indigenous territories have increased because of different factors that are dialectically interrelated: (1) the 2006 oil contracts, which allowed transnationals to retain a dominant position in the sector; (2) the challenge of finding new gas reserves to maintain the current export volume; (3) the country’s substantial dependence on hydrocarbon revenues to maintain public expenditure levels, given that the productive matrix remains unchanged; and (4) the political degeneration of the Movimiento al Socialismo. However, there is no political and discursive coherence: the government conceals its policy behind a revolutionary discourse. Evo Morales llegó al poder en Bolivia después de la guerra del gas y la subsiguiente rebelión que derrocó a dos presidentes en 2003 y 2005. Sin embargo, la prometida nacionalización de los hidrocarburos se mantuvo en el papel y se lanzó una nueva ofensiva extractivista que profundizó los procesos de acumulación por despojo. El saqueo, la devastación ambiental y la recolonización de los territorios indígenas han aumentado debido a diferentes factores que están dialécticamente interrelacionados: (1) los contratos petroleros de 2006, que permitieron a las transnacionales mantener una posición dominante en el sector; (2) el desafío de encontrar nuevas reservas de gas para mantener el volumen de exportación actual; (3) la dependencia sustancial del país en los ingresos por hidrocarburos para mantener los niveles de gasto público, dado que la matriz productiva permanece sin cambios; y (4) la degeneración política del Movimiento al Socialismo. Sin embargo, no hay coherencia política y discursiva: el gobierno oculta su política detrás de un discurso revolucionario.

Hong Kong's Modest Economic Growth: Sustained by Domestic Consumption

2016 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Yang ZHANG ◽  
Sarah Y TONG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Bilateral Agreement ◽  
Tax Reduction ◽  
The Government ◽  
Strong Expansion

Hong Kong's economy grew by 2.4% in 2015, sustained largely by a strong expansion in household consumption. The government took supporting measures, including stronger public spending and tax reduction. The economy has become increasingly interwoven with that of the Mainland and a new bilateral agreement was signed to enhance trade in services. As Hong Kong's economy is likely to face even gloomier climate in 2016, improved physical connections with the Mainland and tighter cooperation are key.

scholarly journals Domestic Debt and Economic Growth in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p207
Author(s):  
Josephat Lotto ◽  
Catherine T. Mmari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Domestic Debt ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

The main objective of this paper was to examine the impact of domestic debt on economic growth in Tanzania for the period 1990 to 2015 using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method to estimate the effects. The study finds that there is an inverse but insignificant relationship between domestic debt and the economic growth of Tanzania as measured by GDP annual growth. The inverse relationship between domestic debt and GDP may be caused by different factors such as; increased trend in domestic borrowing, government lenders’ profile dominated by commercial banks and non-bank financial institutions which promotes the “crowding out” effect; the nature of the instruments used by the government ; the improper use of the domestic borrowed funds which may include funding budgetary deficits, paying up principal and matured obligations on debt, developing financial markets as well as fund other government operations. Other control variables relate with the GDP as predicted. For example, Inflation (INF) has a negative effect on the GDP growth rate, but the relationship is not statistically significant, while gross capital formation (GCF) has a positive statistically significant effect on GDP growth rate. Furthermore, foreign direct investment (FDI) showed a positive effect on the GDP growth rate and export (X) has a positive effect on GDP growth rate, and the relationship is statistically significant explaining that if a country applied an export-led growth economic strategy it enjoys the gains of participating in the world market. This means that an increase in export stimulates demand for goods which leads to increase in output, and as a country’s output increases, the economic performance also takes a similar trend. Finally, government expenditure (GE) had a negative effect on the GDP growth rate which may be explained by the increased government expenditures which are funded by either tax or borrowing. Therefore, what is required for countries like Tanzania is to have better debt management strategies as well as prudential financial management while maintaining to remain within the internationally acceptable debt level of 45% of GDP and maintain a GDP growth rate of not less than 5%. It is important for the country to realize from where to borrow from, the tenure, the risks involved and limitations to borrowing and thus set the right balance of combination of both kinds of debt. Another requirement is to properly utilize the borrowed funds. The central government’s objective should be to use the funds in more development-oriented projects that bring positive returns to the economic development.  The government should not only create a right environment and policies for investment to attract investment from domestic and foreign sources but also be cautious about the kind of investments that the foreign investors make.

scholarly journals Public Spending and Poverty Reduction in Indonesia: The Effects of Economic Growth and Public Spending on Poverty Reduction in Indonesia 2009-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Hendrawan Toni Taruno
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Poverty is a complex and multidimensional issue. Over the past four decades, the number of poor in Indonesia has experienced a significant decline, from 40.10 percent in 1976 to 9.82 percent in March 2018. Nevertheless, the disparity of poverty rates between provinces is still quite high. The poverty rate in several provinces in Java Island, for example, is already at the single-digit level, while in Eastern Indonesia, is still more than double-digit level. As it is known, public spending and economic growth are two crucial instruments on poverty reduction programs. This study aims to investigate the role of economic growth and public spending, particularly education, health, and social protection on poverty reduction in Indonesia. By using panel data from 31 provinces during 2009-2018 period, this study used two regression models to analyze the effects of these two variables on poverty reduction, both in urban and rural areas. This study shows that public spending on health and education sectors has a slightly different effect on poverty reduction between urban and rural areas. Convincingly, spending allocation on health and education has had a significant effect to reduce poverty rate in rural areas, while the decline of poverty rates in urban is likely more influenced by spending on health. This study also shows that over the past ten years, economic growth and social protection spending did not have a significant effect on reducing poverty rates. Therefore, in order to reduce poverty more effectively, it would be better for the government to focus its poverty reduction programs on investment in health and education sectors.

scholarly journals Realisasi Pengeluaran Pemerintah Daerah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Provinsi Sumatera Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Yuliarti Yuliarti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Government

To create positive economic growth and maintain economic stability, the role of the government is needed. The implementation of regional autonomy since early 2001 is a form of government strategy to encourage economic growth not only in the regions around the center but also in areas that are far from the center's reach. The implementation of regional autonomy is in accordance with Law No.22 of 1999 concerning regional autonomy, as well as Law No. 32 of 2004 concerning local government. The government can regulate the course of the economy by determining the amount of government revenue and expenditure each year, which is reflected in the National Budget (APBN) for the national budget and the Regional Budget (APBD) for the region or region. This government expenditure is a form of fiscal policy. During the period of 2010-2019, it can be seen that the realization of the expenditure of the government of West Sumatra is more used for indirect expenditure than direct expenditure. For the average economic growth rate over the past ten years, West Sumatra has the second highest average growth rate compared to other provinces, which is 2.24%, but the growth rate per year is still fluctuating and even more often decreases in percentage. Therefore, the authors are interested in examining how the influence of the realization of government spending on economic growth in West Sumatra. The purpose of this study is to find out how much influence the realization of government spending on economic growth in West Sumatra Province. This research uses quantitative data. The data analysis model used is simple linear regression and includes statistical tests. The results of the study show that government spending has a significant effect on economic growth in the province of West Sumatra.

scholarly journals Government borrowing as a Ponzi scheme: the case of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Syed Yusuf Saadat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Real Interest Rate ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ponzi Scheme ◽  
The Government

This study investigates whether government borrowing can be likened to a Ponzi scheme which will allow the government to roll-over its debt perpetually. The results show that, on the basis of the condition of maintaining real economic growth rate above and beyond the real interest rate on government debt, it will not be possible to sustain a perpetual Ponzi scheme of all four types of National Savings Certificates in Bangladesh. The government’s debt may be rolled over perpetually for two types of National Savings Certificates, following the condition outlined in Ball, et al. (1998), or for three types of National Savings Certificates following the condition outlined in Mehrotra (2017). 

scholarly journals The impact of public expenditures on economic growth of the Republic of North Macedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Nikoloski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

Ensuring high and sustainable economic growth is one of the main tasks of public spending policy. In fact, public expenditure plays an important role in the formation of physical and human capital over time. If are properly targeted, they can stimulate economic growth even in the short term, when limited infrastructure of (unskilled) workforce is a barrier to increased production. Therefore, the realized impact of public expenditures on economic growth can be considered as an indicator of their effectiveness. The goal of public expenditure is to increase economic growth by providing more employment opportunities, increasing people's income and living standards. Therefore, if they are well-managed, they can lead to the desired level of economic growth and improvement of the living standard of the population.

HAMBATAN DAN PROSPEK USAHA MIKRO KECIL KECAMATAN SINGINGI KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Qomariah Lahamid ◽  
Julina Julina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Main Motivation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Micro Enterprises

This study aims to identify barriers and prospects for Small Micro Enterprises (SMEs) based on sex in the District of Singingi. The data collected by observation, interview and questionnaire. The result showed that the owners of SMEs in Singingi Regency dominated by men but not apart from the contribution of the woman (wife). The major obstacle is the lack of capital to develop the business. Other barriers such as availability of raw materials, equipment, technology, and skills possessed by SMEs. Although there are some obstacles, but they still want to maintain the business as their main motivation is to increase family income. Future prospects of SMEs will be better when it get serious attention from the government, especially when viewed from the economic growth rate reached 6 percent in that year provide the opportunity for absorption of industrial goods produced by SMEs.

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