scholarly journals Recomendaciones para la realización de cirugías bariátricas electivas en el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Pedro R. Martínez Duartez ◽  
◽  
Axel F. Beskow ◽  
Jorge L. Harraca ◽  
Alejandro L. Grigaites
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Medical Judgment ◽  
Made In ◽  
Expert Recommendations

This document updates and replaces the recommendations made in May 2020. These recommendations may be rapidly modified, so they should be continually checked for possible updates. They constitute a guideline but are not intended to replace medical judgment in any way. These recommendations have been made based on the current knowledge of the COVID-19 pandemic, supported by expert recommendations and society consensus1-27 and in accordance with the local situation, where the performance of the health institutions that have adapted to the infection has already been assessed.

Depressive Illnesses in Children and Adolescents: A Review of Current Concepts

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Mcconville ◽  
R.T. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of depressive illnesses in childhood and adolescence, especially over the last several years. A number of major books on the subject have now appeared, along with a large number of individual papers. This paper attempts to summarize current knowledge, and indicates developmental, age-related and other issues which still require further study.

Aspects of the geomorphology, genesis and environmental significance of earth hummocks (thúfur, pounus): miniature cryogenic mounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Grab
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Environmental Significance ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
Differential Frost Heave ◽  
Made In

Miniature varieties of cryogenic mounds that are capable of forming in seasonally frozen ground are commonly referred to as earth hummocks (e.g., North America), thúfur (e.g., Greenland and Iceland) and pounus (Fennoscandia). Over the past few decades there has been a consistent interest to study earth hummocks from a variety of environmental settings. This review summarizes the current knowledge of earth hummocks, highlighting aspects on the external and internal morphology, and thermal characteristics, which may assist to explain hummock formation. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the genesis of earth hummocks, including the ‘cryoexpulsion’ of clasts, hydrostatic and cryostatic pressure, cellular circulation, and differential frost heave. These hypotheses are critically evaluated and some research gaps identified. It emerges that considerable advances have been made towards an improved understanding of earth hummock development, modification and disintegration. Much progress has been made in the application of earth hummock studies to a variety of environmental research approaches such as palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and assessing their impact on hillslope drainage.

Surface-associated and secreted factors ofStreptococcus suisin epidemiology, pathogenesis and vaccine development

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Georg Baums ◽  
Peter Valentin-Weigand
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Secreted Factors ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Made In

AbstractStreptococcus suisis an invasive porcine pathogen associated with meningitis, arthritis, bronchopneumonia and other diseases. The pathogen constitutes a major health problem in the swine industry worldwide. Furthermore,S. suisis an important zoonotic agent causing meningitis and other diseases in humans exposed to pigs or pork. Current knowledge on pathogenesis is limited, despite the enormous amount of data generated by ‘omics’ research. Accordingly, immunprophylaxis (in pigs) is hampered by lack of a cross-protective vaccine against virulent strains of this diverse species. This review focuses on bacterial factors, both surface-associated and secreted ones, which are considered to contribute toS. suisinteraction(s) with host factors and cells. Factors are presented with respect to (i) their identification and features, (ii) their distribution amongS. suisand (iii) their significance for virulence, immune response and vaccination. This review also shows the enormous progress made in research onS. suisover the last few years, and it emphasizes the numerous challenging questions remaining to be answered in the future.

scholarly journals Vitiligo: A Review

Dermatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 236 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Bergqvist ◽  
Khaled Ezzedine
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Selective Loss ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cosmetic Problem ◽  
Made In

Vitiligo, a common depigmenting skin disorder, has an estimated prevalence of 0.5–2% of the population worldwide. The disease is characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes which results in typical nonscaly, chalky-white macules. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of vitiligo which is now clearly classified as an autoimmune disease. Vitiligo is often dismissed as a cosmetic problem, although its effects can be psychologically devastating, often with a considerable burden on daily life. In 2011, an international consensus classified segmental vitiligo separately from all other forms of vitiligo, and the term vitiligo was defined to designate all forms of nonsegmental vitiligo. This review summarizes the current knowledge on vitiligo and attempts to give an overview of the future in vitiligo treatment.

scholarly journals Encouraging Subspecialty Practice by Constructively Influencing Trainees Early in their Careers Will Improve Advocacy for Neuro-Ophthalmology among Nigerian Ophthalmologists

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. JMECD.S40794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmilola A. Ogun
Keyword(s):  
Medical Training ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Subspecialty Training ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

This study was conducted to assess the current knowledge, attitude, and perception of Nigerian ophthalmologists toward neuro-ophthalmology; identify barriers to the uptake of neuro-ophthalmology as a desired subspecialty; and make recommendations to improve interest in neuro-ophthalmology training. This was a cross-sectional survey of ophthalmology consultants and trainees from the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria, who were attending a national ophthalmology conference. All consenting respondents voluntarily completed a validated self-administered questionnaire. There were 107 respondents comprising 56 males and 51 females. Majority (54.2%) of respondents were aged 40 years and younger. Almost half (47.8%) worked at tertiary level, public health institutions. Only 10.3% worked in private practice. Neuro-ophthalmology exposure was short and occurred mainly during residency (65.7%), while 15% had no exposure at all. Most (80.4%) indicated only nominal interest in neuro-ophthalmology, while only 4.6% indicated a desire to specialize in the field. Financial constraint was the main obstacle to the pursuit of subspecialty training. A total of 86% of respondents admitted that full (34%) or partial (52%) Funding would motivate them to pursue the training. Among respondents desiring part sponsorship, more than half were willing to augment such sponsorship with personal funds. In conclusion, career interest in neuro-ophthalmology is very low among Nigerian ophthalmologists. Late and limited exposure to neuro-ophthalmology during medical training may be contributing factors. Early exposure to neuro-ophthalmology during medical school rotations, coupled with the provision of sponsored subspecialty training opportunities, will serve to increase enrollment in the field.

scholarly journals Exosomal MicroRNAs and Organotropism in Breast Cancer Metastasis

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace L. Wong ◽  
Sara Abu Jalboush ◽  
Hui-Wen Lo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Breast Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Made In

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy for women in which one in eight women will be diagnosed with the disease in their lifetime. Despite advances made in treating primary breast cancer, there is still no effective treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Consequently, metastatic breast cancer is responsible for 90% of breast cancer-related deaths while only accounting for approximately one third of all breast cancer cases. To help develop effective treatments for metastatic breast cancer, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which breast cancer metastasizes, particularly, those underlying organotropism towards brain, bone, and lungs. In this review, we will primarily focus on the roles that circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) play in organotropism of breast cancer metastasis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that play critical roles in intercellular communication. MicroRNAs can be encapsulated in exosomes; cargo-loaded exosomes can be secreted by tumor cells into the tumor microenvironment to facilitate tumor–stroma interactions or released to circulation to prime distant organs for subsequent metastasis. Here, we will summarize our current knowledge on the biogenesis of exosomes and miRNAs, mechanisms of cargo sorting into exosomes, the exosomal miRNAs implicated in breast cancer metastasis, and therapeutic exosomal miRNAs.

scholarly journals De novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of the freshwater araphid diatom Fragilaria radians, Lake Baikal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Pavlovich Galachyants ◽  
Yulia Robertovna Zakharova ◽  
Nadezda Antonovna Volokitina ◽  
Alexey Anatolyevich Morozov ◽  
Yelena Valentinovna Likhoshway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Made In

Abstract Diatoms are a group of eukaryotic microalgae populating almost all aquatic and wet environments. Their abundance and species diversity make these organisms significant contributors to biogeochemical cycles and important components of aquatic ecosystems. Although significant progress has been made in studies of Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) over the last two decades, since the spread of “omics” technologies, our current knowledge of the molecular processes and gene regulatory networks that facilitate environmental adaptation remain incomplete. Here, we present a transcriptome analysis of Fragilaria radians isolated from Lake Baikal. The resulting assembly contains 27,446 transcripts encoding 21,996 putative proteins. The transcriptome assembly and annotation were coupled with quantitative experiments to search for differentially expressed transcripts between (i) exponential growth phase and dark-acclimated cell cultures, and (ii) those changing expression level during the early response to light treatment in dark-acclimated cells. The availability of F. radians genome and transcriptome data provides the basis for future targeted studies of this species. Furthermore, our results extend taxonomic and environmental sampling of Bacillariophyta, opening new opportunities for comparative omics-driven surveys.

The Oxford Handbook of Hope

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The Oxford Handbook of Hope provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the science and practice of hope. Hope has long been a topic of interest to philosophers and the general public, but it was only in recent decades that hope became a focus of psychological science. Rick Snyder defined hope as a cognitive trait that helps individuals to identify and pursue goals and consists of two components: pathways, the perceived capacity to identify strategies necessary to achieve goals, and agency, the willpower or motivation to pursue those pathways to achieve goals. Hope has become one of most robust and promising topics in the burgeoning field of positive psychology. This book reviews the progress that has been made in the past 25 years regarding the origins and influence of hope. Topics covered include current theoretical perspectives on how best to define hope and how it is distinct from related constructs, current best practices for measuring and quantifying hope, interventions and strategies for promoting hope across different settings and the lifespan, the impact that hope has on many dimensions and domains of physical and mental health, and the many ways and contexts in which hope promotes resilience and positive functioning. Experts in the field both review what is currently known about the role of hope in different domains and identify topics and questions that can help to guide the next decade of research. The handbook concludes with a collaborative vision on the future directions of the science of hope.

NEW TAXA IN PAPHIA AND DIMORPHANTHERA (ERICACEAE) IN PAPUASIA AND THE PROBLEM OF GENERIC LIMITS IN VACCINIEAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. STEVENS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sw Pacific ◽  
The Status ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Made In

New species of Ericaceae recently collected in Papua New Guinea necessitate a re-evaluation of the status of Agapetes subgenus Paphia section Paphia. The combination of molecular and morphological data confirms that Agapetes, currently a genus of about 100 species from Fiji, New Caledonia and Queensland to mainland SE Asia, and most diverse in the latter area, cannot be maintained in its current circumscription. Various taxonomic solutions that do justice to our current knowledge of the morphology and relationships of the two main parts of the genus are discussed. The reinstatement of Paphia does least violence nomenclaturally. All 23 taxa recognized in Paphia are listed, 14 new combinations of Agapetes from the New Guinea–SW Pacific area are made in Paphia, three new species are described (P. megaphylla, P. vulcanicola and P. woodsii), and an incompletely known taxon is characterized. A key to all taxa is presented. In Dimorphanthera, five new species are described (D. angiliensis, D. anomala, D. antennifera, D. cratericola and D. inopinata), three reduced to synonymy, one reduced to a variety and one variety recognized as a species (D. continua). A key to the 87 taxa currently recognized in the genus is presented.

scholarly journals The integration of graphene into microelectronic devices

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1056-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenther Ruhl ◽  
Sebastian Wittmann ◽  
Matthias Koenig ◽  
Daniel Neumaier
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Metal Contact ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Dielectric Substrates ◽  
Graphene Synthesis ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Made In

Since 2004 the field of graphene research has attracted increasing interest worldwide. Especially the integration of graphene into microelectronic devices has the potential for numerous applications. Therefore, we summarize the current knowledge on this aspect. Surveys show that considerable progress was made in the field of graphene synthesis. However, the central issue consists of the availability of techniques suitable for production for the deposition of graphene on dielectric substrates. Besides, the encapsulation of graphene for further processing while maintaining its properties poses a challenge. Regarding the graphene/metal contact intensive research was done and recently substantial advancements were made towards contact resistances applicable for electronic devices. Generally speaking the crucial issues for graphene integration are identified today and the corresponding research tasks can be clearly defined.

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