scholarly journals Study the Effects of Formaldehyde and Xylene Vapor on Lung and Testicular Tissue with Sperm Morphology of Adult Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Trefa F. Ismail ◽  
Galawezh O. Othman ◽  
Naznaz H. Othman ◽  
Ban A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Formalin is widely used chemical substance in industry and medicine (as tissue fixative and disinfectant). It contains reactive molecules which have been known for its cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, xylene used in histological techniques during preparation of tissue and has different toxic effects on tissues. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of formaldehyde and xylene inhalation on albino rat’s lung and testes. Fifteen adult male rats were used in this study; the rats were divided randomly into three groups (A, B, and C). Group (A) comprises the control group, whereas the rats in the Group (B) were exposed to 10% formaldehyde vapor and the rats from Group (C) were exposed to xylene vapor for 4 h/day for 5 days/week for 1 month. Histological alterations were observed in the lung of formalin and xylene exposed rats manifested by lymphatic infiltration, emphysema, congestion, dilation of blood vessels, and alveolar sac and also thinning in the wall of alveolar bronchiole. On the other hand, formaldehyde and xylene affected the testes tissue of treated rats including atrophy in the seminiferous tubule cells, edematous connective tissue, degenerative of spermatogenesis, depletion in germinal layer, existing of vacuoles in the seminiferous tubules, and decrease in the number of sperms in the lumen of seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, sperms abnormalities were seen. The data of our study concluded that inhalation the vapor of formaldehyde and xylene has degenerative effects on lungs and testes of the experimental rats as well as affecting on the spermatocytes and increased the frequency of sperm abnormalities.

AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF MGS04 ON DEXAMETHASONE- INDUCED HISTO-CHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN THE TESTES OF ALBINO RATS

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 753-757
Author(s):  
INAYATULLAH ◽  
MOHAMMAD KHAN ◽  
MARIYA HIDAYAT ◽  
LUTFUR-RAHMAN ◽  
ASMA SIDDIQUI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Group B

BACKGROUND: In experimental animal, dexamethasone-induced impaired spermatogenesis causesdisruption of the normal architecture of seminiferous tubules and alteration in male sexual hormonetestosterone. Concomitant administration of MgS04 preserved the cytoarchitecture of testes as well ashormonal regulation in albino rats.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to observe the ameliorative effects of MgS04 on the histologyof testes and there correlation with serum testosterone level during dexamethasone administration inalbino rats.METHODOLOGY: This experimental study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, BasicA LMedical Sciences Institute (BMSI), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi from 5 Aprilto 25th April 2012. Thirty healthy male adult albino rats were included in the study and divided equallyinto 3 groups. Each group comprising 10 animals. Group-A served as Control. Group-B receivedDexamethasone (intraperitonealy) at the dose of 4mg/kg body weight/24 hours. Group-C receivedDexamethasone at the same dose as in group-B and additionally given MgS04 (intramuscularly) at thedose of 20mg/kg/24hours.RESULTS: MgS04 significantly preserved the cytoarchitecture of testes, as well as minimizedalteration in serum testosterone level in group-C animals.CONCLUSION: MgSO4 has restored both the histological and biochemical damaging effects inducedby dexamethasone in Rats testes.KEYWORDS: Dexamethasone, MgS04, Testicular tissue, Testosterone.

scholarly journals HYPERPLASTIC THYROID GLAND

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
ANWAAR HUSSAIN ◽  
Nabeela Kaukab ◽  
SAIF-U- DIN ◽  
Muhammad Ismail Ismail ◽  
KHALID MEHMOOD AKHTAR
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Thiourea Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim and Objective: The study was conducted to see the effects of dexamethasone (synthetic corticosteroid) on involution ofhyperplastic thyroid gland in albino rats, and to evaluate its uses in thyroid diseases. Study Design: Comparative histological study done inPostgraduate Medical Institute Lahore in 1998. Materials and methods: 54 adult male rats were taken and divided at random into control grouphaving 27 rats and experimental groups containing 27 rats. Control group was given normal diet along with 2 microgram of Potassium iodidefor 21 days while experimental groups further subdivided into group A having 3 rats and group B and C containing 12 rats each. All theexperimental groups were treated with Thiourea. Group A was sacrificed on day 22 after withdrawal of thiourea. Group B was given Potassiumiodide after stoppage of thiourea on day 21 and were sacrificed on days 22, 26, 30 and 50 in 4 sub groups (B1- B4). Group C was injectedDexamethasone daily from day 22 to day 50 and sacrificed on same days in 4 subgroups (C1-C2) to study involution process. Results:Histologically experimental group A exhibited significant increase in width and length of follicular cells lining the small sized follicles havingscanty colloid. The results of experimental subgroups B revealed early and complete involution whereas subgroups C showed significantlypersistent hyperplastic changes in the form of tall follicular cells lining small empty follicles. Conclusion: Thus it was concluded thatdexamehasone did retain hyperplastic changes during involution process, so steroid should consciously be used in thyroid diseases.

To Study the Deteriorating Effects of Lithium Carbonate on Thyroid Gland - A Study in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3292-3293
Author(s):  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Zaffar Iqbal Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Rana M. Asad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: The human thyroid gland is located in the front of neck. It consists of two lobes. The two lobes are joined with each other by isthmus. The mood stabilizer Lithium Caronate has deleterious effects on the thyroid gland. Aim: To observe and report the data of the harmful effect of Lithium on the weight changes of thyroid gland. Methods: Sixteen rats were selected for this experimental study. The rodents were divided into two groups. Group A comprised of eight animals which were given laboratory diet, Group B contained eight albinos who were given Tablet Lithium Carbonate in powder form at a dose of 60 mg/day for four weeks. After completion of the study time animals were sacrificed and thyroid gland weight were recorded and compared in both groups. Results: The results in both groups were recorded and compared .It was reported that Group B animals had a highly significantly decreased thyroid weight after four weeks Lithium ingestion than Group A control group. Conclusion: The results of our study concluded that Lithium Carbonate damages thyroid glandular tissue and causes its weight to decline. Key words: Thyroid gland, Isthmus, deteriorating

scholarly journals Omega-3 Oil Ameliorate Histological and Ultrastructural Alterations Induced by Cadmium Chloride in Rats Testis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Treefa F. Ismail ◽  
Falah M. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Ultrastructural Alterations

Cadmium (Cd) is considered to be one of the major environmental pollutants which have potential threat to human health. Reports of declining male fertility have renewed interest in the role of environmental and occupational exposures in the etiology of human infertility. Cd exposure led to obvious degenerative changes in testicular tissue. This study was performed to investigate the Cd-induced structural effects on the testes and to evaluate the possible protective effect of omega-3 oil in adult albino rats. Thirty adult male rats were used in the present work, divided randomly into five groups, six rats in each group; the first group was considered as a control group and left without treatment except the standard rat chow and tap water. The second group was given 40 mg/L of CdCl2 in drinking water while the third group was given 60 mg/L of CdCl2 in drinking water. The fourth group was given 40 mg/L of CdCl2 in drinking water plus omega-3 oil (4 g/kg diet), while the fifth group was given 60 mg/L of CdCl2 in drinking water plus omega-3 oil (4 g/kg diet), the Cd-treated rats showed dose-dependent histological and ultrastructural alterations which have been ameliorated after exposure to omega-3 oil. The present investigation concluded that omega-3 played a protective role against Cd-induced histopathological changes in rat testis.

scholarly journals Testicular Morphological Changes Produced by Fluoroquinolones in Adult Male Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Iqbal ◽  
Saud Iqbal ◽  
Iram Atta
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats

AbstractObjectives:  The objective of this research work was to observe the testicular morphological changes produced by fluoroquinolones in the reproductive organs of adult male albino rats, and to see whether these changes are reversible after discontinuation of the drugs.Materials and Method:  Eighty adult male albino rats weighing 200 – 300 gms were randomly selected and divided into four groups i.e. A, B, C & D, having 20 animals in each group. A, B & C, were the experimental groups & D served as control group. All the groups were further divided into sub groups 1 & 2. Three fluoroquinolones i.e. Ciprofloxacin (135 mg / kg / day), Ofloxacin (75 mg / kg / day) & Enoxacin (12.5 mg / kg/ day) were given to the groups A, B & C respectively for 42 days. Animals of group D received dis-tilled water only. Animals of sub groups A1, B1, C1 &D1 were sacrificed on 42nd day and testicular tissue was obtained for morphological study. Animals of subgroups A2, B2, C2 & D2 were sacrificed on 84th day and testicular tissue for morphological changes was taken. No of leydig cells, height of epithelium and diameter of seminiferous tubules were taken as experimental parameters for morphological changes.Results:  The study indicated statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in height of epithelium, diameter of seminiferous tubules and no. of leydig cells in experimental groups as compared to the control groups.Conclusion:  The changes observed in morphology could lead to decrease in sperm count and testosterone levels. This study suggests gonadotoxic potentials of fluoroquinolones and adds concern to the indiscriminate and widespread use of fluoroquinolones and recommends more rational use of these drugs.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Ocimum basilicum Against Atrophic Changes in Graafian Follicles in Cyclophosphamide Induced Ovarian Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Saba Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Natural Herb

Introduction: Cyclophosphamide is one of the alkylating chemotherapeutic drug used in cancer patients that has antifertility effects on female gonads. Ocimum basilicum is a natural herb rich in polyphenols and is known to improve fertility. Aims & Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the role of natural herb, Ocimum basilicum extract, as a preventive agent against ovarian follicular toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide. Place and duration of study: This experimental study was performed in the Department of Anatomy, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. The duration of study was 8 months. Material & Methods: 45 female albino rats were divided equally in control group A, experimental group B and group C each contained 15 rats. Group A rats received single dose of 150 mg/kg normal saline intraperitoneally on 8th day of experiment, while group B was given single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide at day 8 of experiment. Group C rats were pretreated with methanolic basil (Ocimum basilicum) seeds extract for 7 days followed by single intraperitoneal dose of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide at day 8 of experiment. All the rats were dissected 48 hours after the last dose. Results: Graafian follicles were atrophied showing atretic granulosa cells in group B when compared with control group A with p value <0.001. However, significant improvement in status of Graafian follicles was observed in group C, when compared with group B with p value <0.025. Conclusion: This study depicts that basil seeds extract can prevent the cellular toxicity in Graafian follicles caused by cyclophosphamide treatment. So the use of basil seeds during chemotherapy can significantly limit its toxic effects on Graafian follicles.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of the Methanol Extract of Napoleonae imperialis Leaves against Methotrexate-induced Renal Damage in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
O. J. Mba ◽  
G. S. Aloh ◽  
E. N. Uhuo
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of methanol extract of Napoleonae imperialis leaves against methotrexate renal damage in albino rats. Methodology: Thirty (30) male albino rats of mean weight 130 g were used for this study. The animals for the study were grouped into five (5) of six (6) rats each. Group A (normal control) received feed and water only and Group B (positive control) was induced with methotrexate without treatment. Test groups (C and D) were orally given 250 mg and 500 mg/kg b.wt of leaves extract, and group E was orally given the extract only (500 mg/kg b.wt) respectively for 14 days. All the rats used in this study were initially subjected to renal damage using 0.5 ml/kg of methotrexate except the normal control group. The rats were sacrificed after 14 days and the blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, Results: From the result obtained, there was a significant (p< 0.05) decrease in the groups that received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg b.wt of the plant extract in (Urea, Creatinine and Na+), and a significant increase (p< 0.05) in K+ and Cl-. Also there was a significant (p< 0.05) decrease in (Urea, Creatinine, and Na+) in comparison with the control groups and the group that received the extract only (500 mg/kg b.wt), and a significant increase (p< 0.05) in (K+ and Na+). Conclusion: The study indicates that the methanol extract of Napoleonae imperialis leaves may have exerted renal functioning effects in albino rats, and may also be used pharmacologically in the management of organ toxicity.

scholarly journals Curative Effects of Ethanol Extract of Prosopis Farcta (Syrian Mesquite) Against Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Male Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Kowan M. Ahmed ◽  
Sarbast A. Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Prosopis Farcta ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The present study was designed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of Prosopis farcta (P. farcta) ethanol fruit extract in ethylene glycol (EG) induced urolithiasis in male albino rats. Lithiasis was induced by oral administration of EG 1% in male albino rats for 28 days. Seventy eight male albino rats weighing 250-300g were used and divided into six experimental groups. Group A is a control group received standard rat chow and tap water ad libitum, while, rest of groups namely group B, C, D, E, F animals received 1% EG in water for 28 days, then from day 15 to day 28 in addition to EG administration, group C received cystone, group D, E and F received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) of ethanol fruit extract of P. farcta respectively. On day 28, blood was collected for serum biochemical (serum uric acid, creatinine, urea, electrolytes measurements, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) determinations. While urine was collected to microscopic analysis of formed crystals besides the kidney weight/ B.W. ratio and B.W. gain/ loss values were determined. Intermediate dose (200mg/kg B.W.) of P. farcta extract significantly decreased serum creatinine, urea, MDA and non-significantly recovered SOD toward control value in group E as compared to group B, also significant elevation in kidney weight/ B.W. ratio and reduction in B.W. gains in group B occurred as compared with group A. In conclusion: P. farcta fruit extract has potentially therapeutic effects on EG induced kidney stone which can be used as effective antiurolithiatic agent rather than cystone.

Effects of subchronic exposure to carbendazim on spermatogenesis and fertility in male rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Yu ◽  
Q Guo ◽  
L Xie ◽  
Y Liu ◽  
X Wang
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Subchronic Exposure ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Sperm Counts

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to carbendazim on spermatogenesis and fertility in male rats. Ninety-eight healthy male rats were divided into four groups: three exposure groups and a control group. Carbendazim was administered orally to male rats at 0, 20, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 80 days prior to mating. Each male was cohabited with an unexposed female for a maximum of 5 days. In 100 and 200 mg/kg groups, the mating index was relatively increased, the fertility index was decreased, and the testis weight, the sperm counts and motility were also decreased. The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) showed a decreasing tendency and there was a statistical difference between the 200 mg/kg group and the control group. There were no obvious effects on the levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T). Histopathological evaluation showed atrophic seminiferous tubules, decreased germ cells, and increased sloughing of germ cells. Flow cytometric analysis of the testicular tissue revealed that carbendazim inhibited meiotic transformation and interfered with the spermatogenic process. These results suggest that carbendazim has adverse effects on spermatogenesis, resulting in reduced fertility in male rats.

Acute Exposure to the Neonicotinoid Insecticide Imidacloprid of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Gonads: A Histopathological Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Cansu Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Zona Radiata ◽  
Structural Deterioration ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide

Neonicotinoids are the new class of insecticides that are high target specificity to insects. Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid that is the most widely used insecticide in the world. As a result of its widespread use in agriculture, imidacloprid interferes with the aquatic system and threatens the aquatic environment. In this study, an investigation of the histopathological effects of imidacloprid on zebrafish gonads was aimed. Zebrafish were exposed to 9.5 mg/L, 19 mg/L, and 38 mg/L of imidacloprid for 5 days, considering the 96 h LC50 value. After dissecting the gonadal tissues, routine histological techniques were applied, and the tissues were stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Toluidine Blue (TB), and Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Sections were examined under a light microscope. While normal gonad histology was observed in the control group, histopathological alternations such as degeneration and union in the seminiferous tubules, hypertrophy in spermatogenic and Leydig cells, and interstitial fibrosis were detected in testicular tissue of the experimental groups. In the ovarian tissues of the experimental groups, structural deterioration in oocytes, autolysis, increase in the number of atretic oocytes, vacuolization in cortical alveoli, thickening and curling in the zona radiata, and opening in the perifollicular layers were detected.

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